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Member

Jacek OZDOBA

ECR · Poland

Group
ECR
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
89.7 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
84.4 %ⓘ of 552 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 87.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
PiS Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
27 of 463 votesⓘ
Committees
ENVI, LIBE (substitute)
Member id
257086
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

89.7 %

556 of 620 final votes while in office

ECR median: 91.9 % (−2.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

84.4 %

466 of 552 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 87.7 % (−3.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

5.8 %

27 of 463 votes where their group had a clear line

11 opposite (for ↔ against), 14 abstained against the line, 2 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

12.6 %

70 of 556 votes cast

Participation 89.7 % — ECR median 91.9 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Jacek OZDOBA89.7 %
ECR median91.9 %
Lowest in the group51.0 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members79
With majority line 84.4 % — ECR median 87.7 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Jacek OZDOBA84.4 %
ECR median87.7 %
Lowest in the group46.1 %
Highest in the group94.6 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: European Public Prosecutor’s Office Discharge decision adopted 454 for, 161 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Discharge decision adopted 475 for, 107 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Joint Undertakings Discharge decision adopted 525 for, 104 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/008 BE/Liberty - Belgium Passed 586 for, 48 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94637 Objection passed 412 for, 145 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 Adopted 328 for, 199 against, 98 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report Adopted 387 for, 191 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 Adopted 416 for, 190 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Passed 459 for, 127 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
28 Apr 2026Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Passed 558 for, 35 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Amendments to Biocidal Products Regulation as regards the extension of certain data protection periods Passed 591 for, 54 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: workers affected by imminent job displacement Passed 566 for, 67 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 Interim report adopted 370 for, 201 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Tie
28 Apr 2026Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III Adopted 389 for, 191 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
28 Apr 2026Amendments to Parliament's Rules of Procedure concerning appointments to Union agencies and bodies (Rule 135) Adopted 657 for, 0 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024 Adopted 377 for, 254 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Adopted 447 for, 160 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 Rejected 231 for, 389 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026The role of ocean diplomacy for the competitiveness of EU fisheries and aquaculture Adopted 430 for, 107 against, 115 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Control, transparency and traceability of performance-based instruments Adopted 527 for, 85 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
28 Apr 2026Enhancing connectivity, preserving cultural heritage and driving local excellence in European tourism – destination management and regional tourism growth Adopted 439 for, 42 against, 129 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Apr 2026Extension of the term of office of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Adopted 422 for, 202 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Mar 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) Negotiating mandate approved 389 for, 206 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Combating corruption Passed 581 for, 21 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application Failed 228 for, 311 against, 92 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
26 Mar 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America Passed 417 for, 154 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Passed 437 for, 144 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) Passed 569 for, 45 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026United Nations Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships Consent given 605 for, 3 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026EU-China Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV Consent given 603 for, 3 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026EU-Lebanon Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting, participation of Lebanon in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 618 for, 6 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/005 AT/KTM - Austria Passed 584 for, 39 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/007 BE/Casa - Belgium Passed 575 for, 48 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Union framework for the national calculation of life-cycle global warming potential Objection failed 208 for, 414 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Global Gateway – past impacts and future orientation Adopted 371 for, 146 against, 80 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
12 Mar 2026Calculation of emission credits for heavy-duty vehicles for the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2029 Passed 473 for, 81 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Package travel and linked travel arrangements: make the protection of travellers more effective and simplify and clarify certain aspects Passed 537 for, 2 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine Adopted 479 for, 17 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026The arbitrary detention of President Mohamed Bazoum by the junta in Niger Adopted 524 for, 2 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Case of Elene Khoshtaria and political prisoners under the Georgian Dream regime Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024 Rejected 233 for, 250 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application Passed 458 for, 103 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law Consent given 455 for, 101 against, 74 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026EU-Ecuador Agreement: cooperation between Europol and the Ecuadorian authorities competent for combating serious crime and terrorism Consent given 586 for, 21 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/004 BE/Tupperware – Belgium Passed 562 for, 53 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission Adopted 446 for, 100 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026Gender pay and pension gap in the EU: state of play, challenges and the way forward, and developing guidelines for the better evaluation and fairer remuneration of work in female-dominated sectors Adopted 458 for, 72 against, 98 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026European Semester for economic policy coordination 2026 Adopted 392 for, 219 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2026 Adopted 404 for, 208 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026EU enlargement strategy Adopted 385 for, 147 against, 98 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tobiasz BOCHEŃSKI ECRPoland99 % of 4 692 shared81 %
Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA ECRPoland98 % of 4 826 shared81 %
Piotr MÜLLER ECRPoland98 % of 4 682 shared81 %
Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI ECRPoland97 % of 5 282 shared81 %
Maciej WĄSIK ECRPoland97 % of 5 135 shared81 %
Marlena MALĄG ECRPoland97 % of 5 238 shared81 %
Anna ZALEWSKA ECRPoland97 % of 5 265 shared81 %
Waldemar BUDA ECRPoland97 % of 4 476 shared81 %
Jadwiga WIŚNIEWSKA ECRPoland97 % of 5 151 shared81 %
Bogdan RZOŃCA ECRPoland97 % of 5 295 shared81 %

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal75 % of 5 096 shared68 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain75 % of 4 883 shared68 %
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain75 % of 5 057 shared68 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain75 % of 5 155 shared68 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland74 % of 4 768 shared67 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain74 % of 5 299 shared68 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain74 % of 3 964 shared68 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain74 % of 4 047 shared68 %
Tomasz BUCZEK changed group PatriotsPoland73 % of 4 963 shared67 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia73 % of 2 989 shared68 %

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Arab PeninsulaDARP DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Pacific-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDPAC Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 6 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
EU Emissions Trading System: heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026–2030Shadow rapporteurENVI15 Sept 2026
Clean corporate vehiclesShadow rapporteurENVI27 Mar 2026
Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act)Shadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE12 Mar 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1252Shadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI6 Mar 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE25 Feb 2026
Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2016/1036, (EU) 2016/1037, (EU) 2017/1129, (EU) 2023/1542 and (EU) 2024/573 as regards the extension of certain mitigating measures available for small and medium sized enterprises to small mid-cap enterprises and further simplification measuresShadow rapporteurENVI1 Oct 2025
The future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policyShadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI5 Jun 2025
Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 - 2023/0202(COD),Shadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE18 Oct 2024
AI Liability DirectiveShadow rapporteurLIBE16 Oct 2024
facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and stay in the Union, and replacing Council Directive 2002/90/EC and Council Framework Decision 2002/946 JHA (2023/0439 (COD) - LIBE/9/13774Shadow rapporteurLIBE10 Oct 2024

Show all 10 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

44 contributions recorded, 1 written statement; 3 on behalf of their group; 47 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026The impact of the implementation of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) on SMEs, its administrative burden and challenges for the European Single Market (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Escalation in the Middle East (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead
14 Sept 2026Emissions trading (joint debate) StatementRead
8 Jul 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (A10-0172/2026 - Michael Gahler) (vote) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026Urgent measures to strengthen the competitiveness and safeguard quality jobs in the EU’s automotive sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026Urgent measures to strengthen the competitiveness and safeguard quality jobs in the EU’s automotive sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026Time for European economic independence (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Reviewing the ETS system to support European competitiveness (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response (B10-0245/2026) (vote) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 33

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders B-10-2026-0411Motion for a resolutionwith 10 co-authors—
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0351Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0356Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors—
20 Apr 2026Rising fertiliser prices: what are the risks for our EU farmers? E-10-2026-001609Written questionwith 11 co-authors19 Jun 2026
16 Apr 2026Antifa=Terrorists: zero tolerance for political violence in Europe E-10-2026-001569Written questionwith 28 co-authors15 Jun 2026
5 Mar 2026Commission interference: electoral processes inside the EU and political pluralism at risk? E-10-2026-000923Written questionwith 37 co-authors4 May 2026
5 Mar 2026Anti-fascist movements and political violence – the real threat to democracy E-10-2026-000925Written questionwith 62 co-authors29 Apr 2026
3 Mar 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on halting the expansion of mosques and Islamic centres in the EU B-10-2026-0154Motion for a resolutionwith 37 co-authors—
14 Jan 2026MOTION OF CENSURE ON THE COMMISSION MOTION OF CENSURE ON THE COMMISSION B-10-2026-0063Motion for a resolutionwith 109 co-authors—

Show all 33 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 37

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI4
1 Jul 2026Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act) LIBE-AM-790741 LIBE13
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-790087 CJ464
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-789892 CJ4612
18 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-789893 CJ461
18 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789912 ENVI1
18 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789910 ENVI8
26 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ENVI-AM-789030 ENVI3
26 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ENVI-AM-787879 ENVI1
12 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ENVI-AM-788846 ENVI18

Show all 37 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jacek OZDOBA”. Member record. memberId 257086. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257086?nb=all&page=4&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257086. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257086?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257086,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jacek OZDOBA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257086?nb=all&page=4&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257086?nb=all&page=4&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257086. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257086. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}