Analysis

Analysis tools

Five tools that measure how the European Parliament votes, each answering one question. Every figure shows what it was counted over and links to its method; every result can be filtered by period, votes, committee and topic, exported, cited and saved to a project.

• Coalitions

  Which groups vote the same way? Which sets of groups are on the winning side of final votes, and whose votes, taken away, would flip the outcome?

  Examples

  • The whole term, final votes
  • Only votes that divided the chamber
  • Every roll call in 2025, majority lines
  • Dossiers led by the environment committee (ENVI)

  Method: Agreement between groups

• Cohesion

  How united do the groups — or the national delegations — vote, how does that change over time, and on which committees’ or topics’ votes do they split?

  Examples

  • Groups, per quarter
  • Groups by committee and by topic, whole term
  • National delegations, per quarter
  • Every roll call in 2025, per month

  Method: Cohesion (Agreement Index)

• Members compared

  How often did two to six members vote the same way — against the usual agreement between their groups — and on which votes did they differ?

  Examples

  • Manfred Weber and Manon Aubry
  • Barry Andrews, Manfred Weber and Jordan Bardella, all roll calls
  • Pick members by name

  Method: Agreement between two members

• Two votes compared

  How did each group vote on two votes, and which members changed position between them — say an amendment and the final vote on the same text?

  Examples

  • Fisheries policy evaluation: paragraph 13, part 2, and the final vote (17 Sept 2026)
  • Narco-trafficking at sea: amendment 2, part 1 and part 2 (17 Sept 2026)

  Method: Group at the date of the vote

• Votes against the group’s line

  Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and with their national party or alone?

  Examples

  • Every member, final votes
  • EPP members, all roll calls
  • Finnish members
  • Manfred Weber’s votes against the line, all roll calls

  Method: Voted against the group’s clear line

About the data

What every tool counts, and what it cannot see.

• Roll calls only. Only votes recorded by name have members’ positions. A show of hands or an electronic vote without names cannot be measured; each result says how many decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name.
• Final votes or all roll calls. Final votes are the vote that decided each decision (agenda motions left out); all roll calls add amendments, split and separate votes and procedural motions. Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most others because a group asked for it.
• Groups at the date. Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote; members who changed group are marked ⇄, and former members are counted.
• Lines are inferred. The Parliament publishes no whip: a group’s majority line is the position most of its voting members took, its clear line one that at least two thirds took, with at least 10 members voting. “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent.
• Topics are model-assigned by a language model and not checked by hand; the lead committee is the standard policy-area filter.

Every method, with formulas, thresholds and versions · Downloads and codebook