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Member

Fernand KARTHEISER

No group · Luxembourg

Group
No group NI Changed group: ECR 16 Jul 2024 – 3 Jun 2025 → No group since 4 Jun 2025
Country
Luxembourg
Roll-call participation
94.7 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls Changed group in this period: not compared with a single group’s median.
With majority line
—ⓘ The non-attached have no group line.
More facts (5)
National party
ADR Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
—ⓘ The non-attached have no group line.
Committees
ECON (substitute), ENVI, FEMM
Member id
256900
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

94.7 %

5 616 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority lineⓘ

—

The non-attached have no group line.

Against clear lineⓘ

—

The non-attached have no group line.

Abstention ⓘ

12.2 %

686 of 5 616 votes cast

Compared with each group they sat in

The member’s record in each group they sat in during the period, over the roll calls held while they sat in it (dates: the first and last of them). Each figure with its denominator: participation of the roll calls held, majority line of the votes where the group had one, against clear line of the votes where it had a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting), abstention of the votes cast. Median: that group’s median over the same roll calls, with the member’s difference in percentage points. A figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.
GroupParticipationWith majority lineAgainst clear lineAbstention
ECR 17 Jul 2024 – 22 May 202598.1 % of 1 646 median 92.4 % (+5.7 pts)74.6 % of 1 609 median 90.7 % (−16.1 pts)21.1 % of 1 3918.9 % of 1 615
No group 16 Jun 2025 – 17 Sept 202693.4 % of 4 282 median 87.9 %no group lineno group line13.5 % of 4 001
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.
  • This member changed group in this period: each vote counts them in the group of that day, and they are compared with each group over the roll calls held while they sat in it — not with one group’s median.
  • The non-attached have no group line: loyalty and votes against a clear line are not computed.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
11 Mar 2026Recommendation on enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty Adopted 482 for, 108 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: —
11 Mar 2026Tackling barriers to the single market for defence Adopted 393 for, 169 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
11 Mar 2026Flagship European defence projects of common interest Adopted 448 for, 122 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law Passed 498 for, 90 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Establishing an EU talent pool Passed 414 for, 182 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee Passed 441 for, 105 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024 Adopted 493 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housing Adopted 367 for, 166 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Public access to documents - report 2022 - 2024 Adopted 602 for, 9 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Copyright and generative artificial intelligence – opportunities and challenges Adopted 460 for, 71 against, 88 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026Fisheries management approaches for safeguarding sensitive species, tackling invasive species and benefiting local economies Adopted 528 for, 21 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Mar 2026The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) Act Adopted 399 for, 78 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
24 Feb 2026Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine Adopted 437 for, 82 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain Passed 555 for, 0 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Post-election situation in Uganda and threats against opposition leader Bobi Wine Adopted 514 for, 3 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran Adopted 524 for, 3 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Targeted expulsions of foreign journalists and foreign Christians in Türkiye under national security pretexts Adopted 502 for, 2 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy Adopted 385 for, 141 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights Adopted 332 for, 209 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women Adopted 340 for, 141 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
12 Feb 2026Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire Adopted 363 for, 71 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 Passed 458 for, 140 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility Passed 473 for, 140 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Amending the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 Consent given 490 for, 130 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/006 BE/Audi – Belgium Passed 593 for, 55 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6 Objection passed 461 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2) Objection passed 462 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton T304-40 Objection passed 428 for, 156 against, 22 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 Objection passed 463 for, 164 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Agreement establishing an association between the EU and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino Interim report adopted 552 for, 24 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
11 Feb 2026EU strategic defence and security partnerships Adopted 440 for, 119 against, 85 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Passed 408 for, 184 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Passed 396 for, 226 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026Amending regulations on agricultural products as regards market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine products Passed 625 for, 15 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026Amending the Measuring Instruments Directive Passed 594 for, 25 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 483 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 413 for, 226 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026European Union designs (codification) Passed 613 for, 5 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
10 Feb 2026European Central Bank – annual report 2025 Adopted 443 for, 71 against, 117 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 165 for, 390 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Conviction and imminent sentencing of Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong Adopted 503 for, 9 against, 100 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Case of Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic Adopted 582 for, 0 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges Adopted 483 for, 68 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness Adopted 318 for, 247 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure Adopted 471 for, 68 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Brutal repression against protesters in Iran Adopted 562 for, 9 against, 57 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: —
22 Jan 2026Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania Adopted 385 for, 165 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: —
21 Jan 2026Air passenger rights Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) adopted 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
21 Jan 2026EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina Consent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: —
21 Jan 2026Enhanced cooperation on the establishment of a Loan for Ukraine Consent given 499 for, 135 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: —

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 2024239
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129129
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243635
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245755
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254545
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253030
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228222
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251250
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220215
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202522
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202520
17 Jun 20254140
18 Jun 20259190
19 Jun 20258787
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186186
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 20252670
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257574
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125125
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266767
21 Jan 2026112112
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261312
12 Feb 2026141140
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197197
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202632
26 Mar 20266969
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225224
29 Apr 2026296296
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269695
21 May 20269897
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127126
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155153
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124124

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within the same group (on the day of each vote)

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Waldemar TOMASZEWSKI ECRLithuania76 % of 915 shared81 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance76 % of 1 053 shared81 %
Alessandro CIRIANI ECRItaly75 % of 1 155 shared81 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia75 % of 1 406 shared81 %
Georgiana TEODORESCU ECRRomania75 % of 1 563 shared81 %
Adrian-George AXINIA ECRRomania74 % of 1 403 shared81 %
Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA ECRRomania74 % of 1 486 shared81 %
Cristian TERHEŞ ECRRomania73 % of 828 shared81 %
Roberts ZĪLE ECRLatvia73 % of 1 169 shared81 %
Ivaylo VALCHEV ECRBulgaria73 % of 1 589 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly71 % of 5 557 shared54 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany70 % of 4 410 shared53 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance70 % of 3 778 shared48 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance70 % of 3 864 shared48 %
Rada LAYKOVA ESNBulgaria70 % of 4 891 shared54 %
Paolo BORCHIA PatriotsItaly70 % of 5 496 shared55 %
René AUST ESNGermany70 % of 5 122 shared53 %
Anna Maria CISINT PatriotsItaly70 % of 4 715 shared54 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany70 % of 5 351 shared53 %
Markus BUCHHEIT ESNGermany70 % of 5 085 shared53 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute18 Jun 2025now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember16 Dec 2025now
Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender EqualityFEMM CommitteeMember10 Jul 2025now
Delegation for relations with IranD-IR DelegationSubstitute30 Jun 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation CommitteeD-RU DelegationSubstitute30 Jun 2025now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember10 Jul 2025now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblySubstitute10 Jul 2025now
Intergroup on Attracting Investment to Ensure a Competitive and Sustainable European UnionIG10-03 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Cancer and Rare DiseasesIG10-05 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on DemographyIG10-09 Intergroup / working groupMember17 Feb 2026now

Show all 23 seats

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

42 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 48 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
7 Jul 2026Presentation of the programme of activities of the Irish Presidency (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026Order of business Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Mar 2026EU enlargement strategy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 Jan 2026CFSP and CSDP (Article 36 TEU) (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 122

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026Flaws in the EU’s automotive climate policy exposed E-10-2026-003650Written questionNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026The disappearance of CD players from newly produced vehicles E-10-2026-003544Written questionwith 2 co-authorsNot yet answered
20 Jul 2026Difficulties in interpreting Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 resulting from the concept of ‘week’ E-10-2026-003059Written questionwith 7 co-authors18 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Venezuelan disaster: call for solidarity that delivers E-10-2026-003015Written questionwith 7 co-authors7 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026AI ethics E-10-2026-003017Written question7 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026European presence in the field of artificial intelligence E-10-2026-003018Written question7 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Cumulative burden of CBAM and steel tariffs, and lack of transparency regarding quotas E-10-2026-003019Written question1 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Imports of microchips that are vital for AI development E-10-2026-003020Written question7 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Commission pressure to comply with DSA codes of conduct P-10-2026-003025Priority written question27 Aug 2026
14 Jul 2026Transparency and subsidiarity safeguards for LGBTIQ-related funding under AgoraEU and CERV+ E-10-2026-002903Written questionwith 11 co-authors25 Aug 2026

Show all 122 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 25

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
15 Apr 2026Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) ECON-AM-786900 ECON10
24 Mar 2026Digital assets – challenges for the competitiveness and integrity of the European Union’s financial system ECON-AM-786707 ECON1
19 Mar 2026A coherent tax framework for the EU's financial sector ECON-AM-786665 ECON11
10 Mar 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities, repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/522, (EU) 2021/694, (EU) 2021/697, (EU) 2021/783, and amending Regulations (EU) 2021/696, (EU) 2023/588, (EU) [EDIP] ECON-AM-785385 ECON5
10 Mar 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities, repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/522, (EU) 2021/694, (EU) 2021/697, (EU) 2021/783, and amending Regulations (EU) 2021/696, (EU) 2023/588, (EU) [EDIP] ECON-AM-785345 ECON3
19 Jan 2026Banking Union – annual report 2025 ECON-AM-782353 ECON3
7 Nov 2025Tackling barriers to the single market for defence ECON-AM-779556 ECON6
9 Oct 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs ECON-AM-778263 ECON5
4 Jul 2025Impact of artificial intelligence on the financial sector ECON-AM-775570 ECON8
5 May 2025Facilitating the financing of investments and reforms to boost European competitiveness and creating a Capital Markets Union (Draghi Report) ECON-AM-773128 ECON9

Show all 25 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political groups this term

National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Fernand KARTHEISER”. Member record. memberId 256900. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256900?page=5&rows=all&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256900. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256900?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256900,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Fernand KARTHEISER}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256900?page=5&rows=all&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256900?page=5&rows=all&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256900. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256900. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}