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Member

Rudi KENNES

The Left · Belgium

Group
The Left
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
97.6 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
89.7 %ⓘ of 600 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
Independent
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
21 of 501 votesⓘ
Committees
EMPL (substitute), INTA, ITRE, TRAN (substitute)
Member id
256890
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

97.6 %

605 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (+10.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

89.7 %

538 of 600 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (+3.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

4.2 %

21 of 501 votes where their group had a clear line

3 opposite (for ↔ against), 17 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

17.0 %

103 of 605 votes cast

Participation 97.6 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Rudi KENNES97.6 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 89.7 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Rudi KENNES89.7 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Adopted 334 for, 324 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 392 for, 179 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 395 for, 197 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025 Adopted 421 for, 120 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Addressing impunity through EU sanctions, including the EU Global Human Rights sanctions regime (so-called ‘EU Magnitsky Act’) Adopted 440 for, 127 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interest Passed 503 for, 57 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Adopted 492 for, 144 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Adopted 420 for, 207 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Safeguarding and promoting financial stability amid economic uncertainties Adopted 491 for, 83 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Adopted 444 for, 153 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Adopted 417 for, 234 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Adopted 477 for, 7 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Adopted 519 for, 2 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Grave political situation in Guinea-Bissau after the coup of 26 November Adopted 535 for, 0 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Adopted 386 for, 184 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear Adopted 450 for, 93 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Continuous Belarusian hybrid attacks against Lithuania Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Dec 2025Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Negotiating mandate approved 384 for, 237 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Negotiating mandate approved 396 for, 202 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies Passed 500 for, 120 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 405 for, 242 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC) Passed 604 for, 37 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025EU/Jordan Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: terms and conditions for the participation of Jordan in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 627 for, 13 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Simplification of the content and presentation of information to be disclosed concerning environmentally sustainable activities and simplification of certain technical screening criteria for determining whether economic activities cause no significant harm to environmental objectives Objection failed 230 for, 402 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Military Mobility Adopted 493 for, 127 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Adopted 425 for, 120 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Adopted 480 for, 83 against, 94 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Adopted 358 for, 202 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 431 for, 161 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Amending the Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes Amendment 1 rejected 122 for, 470 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan Passed 519 for, 119 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 629 for, 17 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Providing macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 585 for, 34 against, 45 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
16 Dec 2025Brexit Adjustment Reserve Passed 619 for, 6 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 428 for, 218 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt – Sweden Passed 578 for, 54 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified maize NK603 Objection passed 479 for, 173 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified sugar beet KWS20-1 Objection passed 455 for, 169 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Amending Regulations on the Internal Market Information System (IMI) and on the single digital gateway as regards certain harmonisation requirements on transparency Passed 400 for, 77 against, 132 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of third countries interest representation Passed 392 for, 88 against, 133 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Post-election killings and the deteriorating human rights situation in Tanzania, including the case of imprisoned opposition leader Tundu Lissu Adopted 539 for, 0 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalating repression of the Baha’is in Iran Adopted 549 for, 7 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Rule of law and human rights situation in Tunisia, particularly the case of Sonia Dahmani Adopted 464 for, 58 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement Adopted 490 for, 41 against, 74 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
27 Nov 2025EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 Adopted 490 for, 9 against, 109 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Application of the Treaty provisions related to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and the role of national parliaments in the EU legislative process Adopted 337 for, 245 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan Adopted 503 for, 32 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Political situation in Myanmar including the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya Adopted 519 for, 3 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine Adopted 401 for, 70 against, 90 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany97 % of 2 944 shared87 %
Özlem DEMIREL The LeftGermany95 % of 4 954 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain95 % of 5 285 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal94 % of 4 706 shared87 %
Luke Ming FLANAGAN The LeftIreland94 % of 4 506 shared87 %
Isabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftSpain94 % of 3 499 shared87 %
Estrella GALÁN The LeftSpain94 % of 4 990 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany93 % of 5 239 shared87 %
Marc BOTENGA The LeftBelgium93 % of 5 118 shared87 %
Ilaria SALIS The LeftItaly93 % of 4 875 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain85 % of 4 702 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain83 % of 5 284 shared77 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly82 % of 5 552 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly82 % of 4 884 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly81 % of 5 037 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain81 % of 4 651 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance81 % of 5 604 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium81 % of 5 396 shared77 %
Mélissa CAMARA GreensFrance80 % of 5 002 shared77 %
Marie TOUSSAINT GreensFrance80 % of 5 429 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Transport and TourismTRAN CommitteeSubstitute20 May 2026now
Delegation for relations with the Federative Republic of BrazilD-BR DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of South AsiaDSAS DelegationMember15 Dec 2025now
Delegation to the Pacific-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDPAC Parliamentary assemblySubstitute10 Dec 2025now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember15 Oct 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember7 Mar 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2026/001 BE/CoraShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL7 Sept 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesShadow rapporteur for an opinionTRAN27 Aug 2026
Establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110Shadow rapporteurINTA8 Jun 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/009 BE/SoliverShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL13 May 2026
Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation FundShadow rapporteur for an opinionITRE28 Apr 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measuresShadow rapporteur for an opinionITRE28 Apr 2026
Role of trade in strengthening the EU's economic securityShadow rapporteurINTA23 Mar 2026
Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activitiesShadow rapporteur for an opinionCONT13 Mar 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionCONT13 Mar 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/008 BE/LibertyShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL12 Mar 2026

Show all 47 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

49 contributions recorded; 11 on behalf of their group; 64 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026Urgent measures to strengthen the competitiveness and safeguard quality jobs in the EU’s automotive sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026Coordination of social security systems (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026The resilience of the European transport sector and the need to ensure the supply of essential goods amid ongoing geopolitical instability (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026The need to combat antisemitism and protect Jewish life in Europe, following the recent attacks against the Jewish community in the Netherlands and Belgium (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024 (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 131

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
15 Sept 2026Common security and defence policy mission to Lebanon E-10-2026-003673Written questionwith 11 co-authorsNot yet answered
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
10 Sept 2026EU exports of banned pesticides E-10-2026-003605Written questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026Chatbots directing women with unwanted pregnancies to anti-abortion websites E-10-2026-003539Written questionwith 67 co-authorsNot yet answered
7 Sept 2026Climate change, public health and the world of work: for a directive on maximum working temperatures O-10-2026-000035Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
7 Sept 2026Extraterritorial impact of the US designation of Autistici/Inventati as a terrorist entity P-10-2026-003526Priority written questionwith 28 co-authorsNot yet answered
22 Jul 2026Cutro shipwreck, tragedies at sea and the right of vicitms’ families E-10-2026-003097Written questionwith 23 co-authors22 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Urgent appeal for the release of Dr Hussam Abu Safiya E-10-2026-003029Written questionwith 17 co-authors2 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Humanitarian situation of Sahrawi refugees, inadequate EU humanitarian assistance and the growing water crisis in the refugee camps E-10-2026-003027Written questionwith 22 co-authors27 Aug 2026
15 Jul 2026Implementation of Case C-81/24 (Jenec) and protection against extraterritorial sanctions targeting international justice E-10-2026-002968Written questionwith 15 co-authors17 Sept 2026

Show all 131 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 36

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
1 Jul 2026Connecting Europe through high-speed rail TRAN-AM-790790 TRAN6
27 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788845 ITRE9
22 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-788790 ITRE37
22 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-789032 ITRE31
22 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-788826 ITRE28
18 May 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund ITRE-AM-787940 ITRE16
18 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ITRE-AM-787939 ITRE11
12 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-788800 ITRE12
12 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-785338 ITRE25
12 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788832 ITRE10

Show all 36 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 4444d6bd8fae (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Rudi KENNES”. Member record. memberId 256890. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256890?page=6&rows=all&scope=final (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256890. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256890?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 4444d6bd8fae (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256890,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Rudi KENNES}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256890?page=6&rows=all&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256890?page=6&rows=all&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256890. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256890. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 4444d6bd8fae (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}