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Member · Former member

Pál SZEKERES

Patriots · Hungary · left on 13 September 2026

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
Hungary
Roll-call participation
74.9 %ⓘ of 5 568 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
78.9 %ⓘ of 4 158 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 82.7 %
More facts (4)
National party
Fidesz-KDNP Fidesz-Magyar Polgári Szövetség-Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt
In office
16 Jul 2024 – 13 Sept 2026 (left on 13 September 2026)
Against clear line
441 of 3 301 votesⓘ
Member id
256855
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

74.9 %

4 171 of 5 568 roll calls while in office

Patriots median: 91.1 % (−16.2 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

78.9 %

3 280 of 4 158 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 82.7 % (−3.8 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

13.4 %

441 of 3 301 votes where their group had a clear line

136 opposite (for ↔ against), 278 abstained against the line, 27 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

14.8 %

616 of 4 171 votes cast

Participation 74.9 % — Patriots median 91.1 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Pál SZEKERES74.9 %
Patriots median91.1 %
Lowest in the group44.5 %
Highest in the group99.9 %
Members89
With majority line 78.9 % — Patriots median 82.7 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Pál SZEKERES78.9 %
Patriots median82.7 %
Lowest in the group72.5 %
Highest in the group92.9 %
Members89
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 582

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Montenegro Adopted 486 for, 101 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Albania Adopted 483 for, 103 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on North Macedonia Adopted 411 for, 120 against, 120 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Bosnia and Herzegovina Adopted 478 for, 116 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Kosovo Adopted 412 for, 174 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Jun 2026Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace Adopted 431 for, 111 against, 103 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Georgia Adopted 436 for, 145 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America Passed 440 for, 151 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Passed 444 for, 152 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) Passed 423 for, 57 against, 174 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
16 Jun 2026Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain Passed 560 for, 75 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Measures necessary for the implementation of the Protocol, annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU, on the financial consequences of the expiry of the ECSC Treaty and on the Research Fund for Coal and Steel Consent given 563 for, 44 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/009 BE/Soliver Passed 602 for, 47 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026European political parties and foundations – 2026 report on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 2025/2445 and on the activities funded Adopted 426 for, 140 against, 107 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Countering transnational repression – towards an EU strategy to protect Europe’s sovereignty and democratic values Adopted 434 for, 128 against, 104 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Role of trade in strengthening the EU’s economic security Adopted 415 for, 105 against, 142 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
16 Jun 2026Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries Adopted 344 for, 237 against, 66 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securitisation exposures Negotiating mandate approved 294 for, 192 against, 90 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 on securitisation and a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation Negotiating mandate approved 294 for, 194 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 May 2026Periodic roadworthiness tests and technical roadside inspection (Roadworthiness package) Negotiating mandate approved 369 for, 126 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 May 2026Rights, support and protection of victims of crime Passed 440 for, 49 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran Adopted 516 for, 14 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 May 2026Situation of women and girls in Afghanistan following the Taliban’s adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code for Courts Adopted 480 for, 5 against, 83 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
21 May 2026The cases of human rights and environmental defenders Andrie Yunus and Muhammad Rosidi in Indonesia Adopted 469 for, 38 against, 62 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 May 2026The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward Adopted 337 for, 178 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 May 2026Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap Adopted 263 for, 83 against, 154 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 May 2026The need to reduce work-related fatalities Adopted 395 for, 12 against, 41 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement Consent given 493 for, 104 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table Olives: amendment of Article 36 Consent given 644 for, 1 against, 2 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026United Nations Convention against Cybercrime Consent given 497 for, 91 against, 46 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Lebanon Agreement on cooperation between Eurojust and the authorities of Lebanon competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters Consent given 581 for, 12 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Cook Islands Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement (2025-2032): Implementing Protocol Consent given 476 for, 101 against, 74 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026EC-São Tomé and Príncipe Fisheries Partnership Agreement (2025–2029): Implementing Protocol Consent given 545 for, 89 against, 15 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026EU-Canada Agreement laying down the conditions for the participation of Canadian legal entities and products originating in Canada to procurement under the SAFE Instrument Consent given 466 for, 169 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (resolution) Adopted 423 for, 16 against, 208 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
20 May 2026The impact of the implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU on fisheries in selected fishing areas and sea basins Adopted 518 for, 31 against, 102 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Adopted 369 for, 160 against, 112 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Adopted 347 for, 165 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU trade Adopted 527 for, 62 against, 59 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 May 2026Negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market Passed 606 for, 16 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 May 2026Screening of foreign investments in the Union Passed 508 for, 64 against, 90 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
19 May 2026Research Fund for Coal and Steel: research programme and multiannual technical and financial guidelines Passed 537 for, 17 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Convention Establishing an International Claims Commission for Ukraine Consent given 465 for, 57 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
30 Apr 2026Escalating trafficking and exploitation by criminal groups in Haiti Adopted 511 for, 21 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026New Chinese law on ‘ethnic unity and progress’ and the intensified suppression of ethnic identities Adopted 439 for, 52 against, 71 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
30 Apr 2026Shortcomings and deficiencies of the ‘Amnesty Law’ in Venezuela Adopted 507 for, 31 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2027 – Section I – European Parliament Adopted 401 for, 116 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
30 Apr 2026Financial literacy and the rise of finfluencers in the context of the savings and investments union Adopted 502 for, 46 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases? Adopted 426 for, 119 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Women’s entrepreneurship in rural and island areas and outermost regions Adopted 404 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 18 of 103 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242310
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249243
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202410
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202440
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 2024109
23 Oct 2024129125
24 Oct 2024138
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 2024570
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 2024330
19 Dec 20244540
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 2025450
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253230
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 2025300
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228222
13 Mar 20252414
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251247
3 Apr 20256253
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 20252200
8 May 20251030
21 May 202522
22 May 20255352
16 Jun 202520
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258774
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134126
10 Jul 20253614
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253431
11 Sept 20256953
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255554
9 Oct 20256561
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186177
23 Oct 2025550
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 202510099
27 Nov 2025125119
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 2025660
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254224
20 Jan 20266767
21 Jan 202611294
22 Jan 20265852
9 Feb 202621
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141120
24 Feb 20264330
9 Mar 202610
10 Mar 20261970
11 Mar 2026600
12 Mar 20263427
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266964
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225224
29 Apr 2026296290
30 Apr 20266855
18 May 202643
19 May 202633
20 May 2026960
21 May 20269848
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127111
18 Jun 20267761
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267270
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266735

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
András GYÜRK PatriotsHungary99 % of 2 884 shared74 %
Tamás DEUTSCH PatriotsHungary99 % of 2 322 shared74 %
Viktória FERENC PatriotsHungary99 % of 3 772 shared74 %
Ernő SCHALLER-BAROSS PatriotsHungary99 % of 2 911 shared74 %
Csaba DÖMÖTÖR PatriotsHungary99 % of 4 044 shared74 %
András LÁSZLÓ PatriotsHungary99 % of 3 743 shared74 %
Annamária VICSEK PatriotsHungary99 % of 3 907 shared74 %
Kinga GÁL PatriotsHungary99 % of 3 517 shared74 %
Enikő GYŐRI PatriotsHungary99 % of 3 552 shared74 %
György HÖLVÉNYI PatriotsHungary98 % of 2 557 shared74 %

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance74 % of 3 599 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance73 % of 3 973 shared68 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance73 % of 3 492 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance71 % of 3 617 shared68 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia71 % of 3 612 shared68 %
Mariusz KAMIŃSKI ECRPoland71 % of 4 118 shared68 %
Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA ECRPoland71 % of 3 710 shared68 %
Maciej WĄSIK ECRPoland70 % of 4 003 shared68 %
Marco SQUARTA ECRItaly70 % of 3 151 shared68 %
Anna ZALEWSKA ECRPoland70 % of 4 094 shared68 %

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

44 contributions recorded, 17 written statements; 9 on behalf of their group; 38 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
6 Jul 2026Air passenger rights (debate) StatementRead
17 Jun 2026Protecting children’s safety and mental health from the risks posed by social media – our duty to act now (debate) StatementRead
20 May 2026Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026The need to reduce work-related fatalities (debate) StatementRead
12 Mar 2026Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024 (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 2 minRead
11 Mar 2026AccessibleEU and the strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities: state of play and the future of EU accessibility policy (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
9 Mar 2026Gender pay and pension gap in the EU: state of play, challenges and the way forward, and developing guidelines for the better evaluation and fairer remuneration of work in female-dominated sectors (debate) StatementRead
12 Feb 2026Time to address economic inequalities in the EU and worldwide (debate) StatementRead
11 Feb 2026Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
11 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 49

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
2 Sept 2026Adhering to the timeline for the European Disability Card E-10-2026-003450Written questionwith 10 co-authorsNot yet answered
28 Jul 2026Compatibility of the suspension of Hungarian public service media news services with EU law E-10-2026-003148Written questionwith 9 co-authors21 Sept 2026
21 Jul 2026Freedom of expression and the arrest of Hungarian influencer István Szakács E-10-2026-003068Written questionwith 4 co-authors24 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
29 Jun 2026Ukraine’s updated Action Plan and the protection of national minorities P-10-2026-002670Priority written questionwith 10 co-authors30 Jul 2026
26 Jun 2026Abolition of the Hungarian Constitutional Court’s power to issue preliminary opinions on EU-related matters E-10-2026-002667Written questionwith 10 co-authors18 Sept 2026
8 Jun 2026Jean Monnet Actions European funding of universities and promotion of the federalist project E-10-2026-002346Written questionwith 8 co-authors24 Jul 2026
16 Apr 2026Antifa=Terrorists: zero tolerance for political violence in Europe E-10-2026-001569Written questionwith 28 co-authors15 Jun 2026
15 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on EU-funded media attacking Christian symbols while applying double standards B-10-2026-0184Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
25 Mar 2026Restoring genuine academic freedom in our universities E-10-2026-001262Written questionwith 27 co-authors22 May 2026

Show all 49 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 67

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
2 Sept 2026Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States EMPL-AM-792013 EMPL8
14 Jul 2026Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2025 PETI-AM-790995 PETI34
13 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections EMPL-AM-789962 EMPL6
7 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections IMCO-AM-790864 IMCO4
26 Jun 2026Amending Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council CJ76-AM-789933 CJ761
26 Jun 2026Amending Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council CJ76-AM-789089 CJ761
22 Jun 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.' EMPL-AM-790022 EMPL11
22 Jun 2026Boosting skills in the Union – opportunities for vocational education and training in times of transition EMPL-AM-790034 EMPL11
12 May 2026Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034 EMPL-AM-788860 EMPL6
21 Apr 2026Establishment of European Business Wallets IMCO-AM-787760 IMCO10

Show all 67 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Hungary National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256855?nb=all&page=2&vscope=final
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Pál SZEKERES”. Member record. memberId 256855. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256855?nb=all&page=2&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256855. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256855?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-256855,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Pál SZEKERES}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256855?nb=all&page=2&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256855?nb=all&page=2&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256855. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256855. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}