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Member

Marc BOTENGA

The Left · Belgium

Group
The Left
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
89.0 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
78.1 %ⓘ of 547 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PVDA-PTB
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
71 of 454 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, ECON (substitute), ITRE (substitute), SEDE
Member id
187917
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

89.0 %

552 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (+2.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

78.1 %

427 of 547 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (−8.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

15.6 %

71 of 454 votes where their group had a clear line

7 opposite (for ↔ against), 52 abstained against the line, 12 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

21.0 %

116 of 552 votes cast

Participation 89.0 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Marc BOTENGA89.0 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 78.1 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Marc BOTENGA78.1 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Adopted 334 for, 324 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 392 for, 179 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 395 for, 197 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025 Adopted 421 for, 120 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Addressing impunity through EU sanctions, including the EU Global Human Rights sanctions regime (so-called ‘EU Magnitsky Act’) Adopted 440 for, 127 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interest Passed 503 for, 57 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Adopted 492 for, 144 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Adopted 420 for, 207 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Safeguarding and promoting financial stability amid economic uncertainties Adopted 491 for, 83 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Adopted 444 for, 153 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Adopted 417 for, 234 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Adopted 477 for, 7 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Adopted 519 for, 2 against, 50 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Grave political situation in Guinea-Bissau after the coup of 26 November Adopted 535 for, 0 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Adopted 386 for, 184 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
18 Dec 2025Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear Adopted 450 for, 93 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Continuous Belarusian hybrid attacks against Lithuania Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
17 Dec 2025Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Negotiating mandate approved 384 for, 237 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Negotiating mandate approved 396 for, 202 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies Passed 500 for, 120 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 405 for, 242 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC) Passed 604 for, 37 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025EU/Jordan Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: terms and conditions for the participation of Jordan in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 627 for, 13 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Simplification of the content and presentation of information to be disclosed concerning environmentally sustainable activities and simplification of certain technical screening criteria for determining whether economic activities cause no significant harm to environmental objectives Objection failed 230 for, 402 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Military Mobility Adopted 493 for, 127 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Adopted 425 for, 120 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Adopted 480 for, 83 against, 94 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Adopted 358 for, 202 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 431 for, 161 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Amending the Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes Amendment 1 rejected 122 for, 470 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan Passed 519 for, 119 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 629 for, 17 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Providing macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 585 for, 34 against, 45 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
16 Dec 2025Brexit Adjustment Reserve Passed 619 for, 6 against, 37 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 428 for, 218 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt – Sweden Passed 578 for, 54 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified maize NK603 Objection passed 479 for, 173 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified sugar beet KWS20-1 Objection passed 455 for, 169 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Amending Regulations on the Internal Market Information System (IMI) and on the single digital gateway as regards certain harmonisation requirements on transparency Passed 400 for, 77 against, 132 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of third countries interest representation Passed 392 for, 88 against, 133 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Post-election killings and the deteriorating human rights situation in Tanzania, including the case of imprisoned opposition leader Tundu Lissu Adopted 539 for, 0 against, 27 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalating repression of the Baha’is in Iran Adopted 549 for, 7 against, 31 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Rule of law and human rights situation in Tunisia, particularly the case of Sonia Dahmani Adopted 464 for, 58 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement Adopted 490 for, 41 against, 74 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
27 Nov 2025EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 Adopted 490 for, 9 against, 109 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Application of the Treaty provisions related to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and the role of national parliaments in the EU legislative process Adopted 337 for, 245 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2025Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan Adopted 503 for, 32 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Political situation in Myanmar including the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya Adopted 519 for, 3 against, 57 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine Adopted 401 for, 70 against, 90 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 5 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany94 % of 2 698 shared87 %
Rudi KENNES The LeftBelgium93 % of 5 118 shared87 %
Özlem DEMIREL The LeftGermany93 % of 4 381 shared87 %
Giorgos GEORGIOU The LeftCyprus92 % of 3 987 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain92 % of 4 738 shared87 %
Isabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftSpain91 % of 3 102 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal91 % of 4 187 shared87 %
Estrella GALÁN The LeftSpain90 % of 4 436 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany90 % of 4 738 shared87 %
Luke Ming FLANAGAN The LeftIreland90 % of 3 989 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain81 % of 4 369 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain80 % of 4 729 shared77 %
Maria ZACHARIA No groupGreece80 % of 5 136 shared37 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly79 % of 4 958 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly79 % of 4 350 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain78 % of 4 332 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly78 % of 4 445 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance78 % of 5 020 shared77 %
Ignazio Roberto MARINO GreensItaly78 % of 3 917 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium77 % of 4 814 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Subcommittee on Tax MattersFISC SubcommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with PalestineDPAL DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember14 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)Shadow rapporteurSEDE19 May 2026
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)Shadow rapporteurITRE7 May 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET28 Apr 2026
Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructureShadow rapporteurSEDE23 Mar 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE17 Mar 2026
Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response, and repealing Decision No 1313/2013/EU (Union Civil Protection Mechanism)Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE10 Mar 2026
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the European cybersecurity certification framework, and ICT supply chain security and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/881 (The Cybersecurity Act 2)Shadow rapporteurITRE10 Mar 2026
Amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards simplification measures and alignment with the [Proposal for the Cybersecurity Act 2]Shadow rapporteurITRE10 Mar 2026
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE26 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activitiesShadow rapporteurITRE19 Nov 2025

Show all 27 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

128 contributions recorded; 25 on behalf of their group; 166 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Escalation in the Middle East (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda: EU solidarity and preparedness in global health (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 100

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0396Motion for a resolution—
3 Aug 2026Safeguards against perceived conflicts of interest in appointments to the CJEU E-10-2026-003191Written questionNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Urgent appeal for the release of Dr Hussam Abu Safiya E-10-2026-003029Written questionwith 17 co-authors2 Sept 2026
14 Jul 2026State of play of negotiations on the agreement on the exchange of personal data between Europol and Israel E-10-2026-002925Written questionwith 24 co-authors1 Sept 2026
7 Jul 2026Transparency regarding EU-funded infrastructure destroyed in Gaza E-10-2026-002805Written questionwith 39 co-authors4 Sept 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
29 Jun 2026Is the EU complicit in the US war of aggression against Iran? E-10-2026-002694Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: legal basis for the suspension announcement of 4 March 2022 E-10-2026-002657Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: attribution of state conduct to beneficiaries and participating entities E-10-2026-002659Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: case-by-case assessment versus general suspension of payments to Russian entities between 4 March and 8 April 2022 E-10-2026-002661Written questionNot yet answered

Show all 100 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 50

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections AFET-AM-791057 AFET1
15 Jun 2026EU-Syria political relations AFET-AM-789951 AFET21
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788902 ITRE3
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788900 ITRE6
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788899 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788897 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788896 ITRE28
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788849 ITRE12
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788905 ITRE10

Show all 50 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Marc BOTENGA”. Member record. memberId 187917. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=6&period=term&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/187917. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/187917?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-187917,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Marc BOTENGA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=6&period=term&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=6&period=term&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 187917. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/187917. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}