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Member

Merja KYLLÖNEN

The Left · Finland

Group
The Left
Country
Finland
Roll-call participation
93.5 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
76.3 %ⓘ of 574 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
VAS Vasemmistoliitto
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
95 of 483 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET (substitute), SEDE, TRAN
Member id
124736
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

93.5 %

580 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (+6.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

76.3 %

438 of 574 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (−10.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

19.7 %

95 of 483 votes where their group had a clear line

37 opposite (for ↔ against), 22 abstained against the line, 36 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

6.4 %

37 of 580 votes cast

Participation 93.5 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Merja KYLLÖNEN93.5 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 76.3 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Merja KYLLÖNEN76.3 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
11 Mar 2026Recommendation on enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty Adopted 482 for, 108 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
11 Mar 2026Tackling barriers to the single market for defence Adopted 393 for, 169 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
11 Mar 2026Flagship European defence projects of common interest Adopted 448 for, 122 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law Passed 498 for, 90 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Establishing an EU talent pool Passed 414 for, 182 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Tie
10 Mar 2026Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee Passed 441 for, 105 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
10 Mar 2026European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024 Adopted 493 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
10 Mar 2026Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housing Adopted 367 for, 166 against, 84 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Public access to documents - report 2022 - 2024 Adopted 602 for, 9 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Copyright and generative artificial intelligence – opportunities and challenges Adopted 460 for, 71 against, 88 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Fisheries management approaches for safeguarding sensitive species, tackling invasive species and benefiting local economies Adopted 528 for, 21 against, 62 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) Act Adopted 399 for, 78 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
24 Feb 2026Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine Adopted 437 for, 82 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain Passed 555 for, 0 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Post-election situation in Uganda and threats against opposition leader Bobi Wine Adopted 514 for, 3 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran Adopted 524 for, 3 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Targeted expulsions of foreign journalists and foreign Christians in Türkiye under national security pretexts Adopted 502 for, 2 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy Adopted 385 for, 141 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights Adopted 332 for, 209 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women Adopted 340 for, 141 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire Adopted 363 for, 71 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 Passed 458 for, 140 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility Passed 473 for, 140 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Amending the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 Consent given 490 for, 130 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/006 BE/Audi – Belgium Passed 593 for, 55 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6 Objection passed 461 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2) Objection passed 462 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton T304-40 Objection passed 428 for, 156 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 Objection passed 463 for, 164 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Agreement establishing an association between the EU and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino Interim report adopted 552 for, 24 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026EU strategic defence and security partnerships Adopted 440 for, 119 against, 85 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Passed 408 for, 184 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Passed 396 for, 226 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Amending regulations on agricultural products as regards market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine products Passed 625 for, 15 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Amending the Measuring Instruments Directive Passed 594 for, 25 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 483 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
10 Feb 2026Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 413 for, 226 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026European Union designs (codification) Passed 613 for, 5 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026European Central Bank – annual report 2025 Adopted 443 for, 71 against, 117 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 165 for, 390 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Conviction and imminent sentencing of Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong Adopted 503 for, 9 against, 100 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026Case of Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic Adopted 582 for, 0 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges Adopted 483 for, 68 against, 76 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness Adopted 318 for, 247 against, 67 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure Adopted 471 for, 68 against, 71 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Brutal repression against protesters in Iran Adopted 562 for, 9 against, 57 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania Adopted 385 for, 165 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Air passenger rights Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) adopted 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina Consent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Enhanced cooperation on the establishment of a Loan for Ukraine Consent given 499 for, 135 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 4 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Jussi SARAMO The LeftFinland96 % of 5 526 shared87 %
Li ANDERSSON The LeftFinland95 % of 5 065 shared87 %
Ilaria SALIS The LeftItaly88 % of 4 625 shared87 %
Younous OMARJEE The LeftFrance87 % of 3 976 shared87 %
Sebastian EVERDING Former memberThe LeftGermany87 % of 4 885 shared87 %
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany86 % of 2 792 shared87 %
Per CLAUSEN The LeftDenmark86 % of 5 301 shared87 %
Mimmo LUCANO The LeftItaly86 % of 2 468 shared87 %
Anja HAZEKAMP The LeftNetherlands86 % of 2 926 shared87 %
Elena KOUNTOURA The LeftGreece85 % of 3 891 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
David CORMAND GreensFrance89 % of 5 361 shared77 %
Mélissa CAMARA GreensFrance89 % of 4 838 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium89 % of 5 192 shared77 %
Marie TOUSSAINT GreensFrance88 % of 5 175 shared77 %
Mounir SATOURI GreensFrance88 % of 4 879 shared77 %
Tilly METZ GreensLuxembourg87 % of 5 340 shared77 %
Gordan BOSANAC GreensCroatia87 % of 5 500 shared77 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly86 % of 5 292 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly86 % of 4 696 shared77 %
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain86 % of 4 543 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Committee on Transport and TourismTRAN CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Pan-African ParliamentDPAP DelegationChair9 Oct 2024now
Delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary AssemblyDNAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember15 Oct 2025now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupVice-chair19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on DisabilityIG10-10 Intergroup / working groupMember11 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on Fighting against PovertyIG10-12 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2026now

Show all 18 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on EU-Norway political relationsShadow rapporteurAFET14 Sept 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Agreement in respect of Gibraltar between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other partShadow rapporteurAFET14 Sept 2026
Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2026Shadow rapporteurSEDE14 Sept 2026
Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2026Shadow rapporteurAFET16 Jul 2026
Institutional aspects of the Common European Defence UnionShadow rapporteurSEDE14 Jul 2026
Protocol amending the Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part, to take account of the accession to the European Union of the Republic of CroatiaShadow rapporteurTRAN24 Jun 2026
Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructureShadow rapporteurSEDE18 May 2026
Institutional aspects of the Common European Defence UnionShadow rapporteurSEDE18 May 2026
Amending Directive 92/6/EEC to exempt certain N2 electric vehicles from the requirement to install and use a speed limitation deviceRapporteurTRAN28 Apr 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/ECShadow rapporteur for an opinionTRAN20 Apr 2026

Show all 79 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

39 contributions recorded; 18 on behalf of their group; 53 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026An EU future for the Western Balkans (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026Sudan’s abandoned humanitarian crisis: three years of conflict (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
28 Apr 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
10 Mar 2026EU enlargement strategy (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead
20 Jan 2026Situation in Venezuela following the extraction of Maduro and the need to ensure a peaceful democratic transition (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Dec 2025EU Defence Readiness (joint debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead

Show all 39 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 108

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
22 Jul 2026Cutro shipwreck, tragedies at sea and the right of vicitms’ families E-10-2026-003097Written questionwith 23 co-authors22 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Humanitarian situation of Sahrawi refugees, inadequate EU humanitarian assistance and the growing water crisis in the refugee camps E-10-2026-003027Written questionwith 22 co-authors27 Aug 2026
8 Jul 2026Impact of the recent US Supreme Court ruling on the EU–US Data Privacy Framework and European data sovereignty E-10-2026-002823Written questionwith 21 co-authorsNot yet answered
18 Jun 2026Human trafficking and human rights violations through recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine E-10-2026-002532Written questionwith 27 co-authors6 Aug 2026
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0295Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—
11 Jun 2026EU-funded deinstitutionalisation reforms in Romania and implementation of person-centred financing E-10-2026-002419Written questionwith 8 co-authors1 Sept 2026
11 Jun 2026EU funding for institutional care – data and safeguards E-10-2026-002417Written questionwith 10 co-authorsNot yet answered
11 Jun 2026Forced sterilisation of women with disabilities – data and safeguards in institutional settings E-10-2026-002420Written questionwith 7 co-authors22 Sept 2026
9 Jun 2026Application of tachograph rules in short-haul delivery transport and penalties for human error in record-keeping E-10-2026-002378Written questionwith 3 co-authors21 Aug 2026
9 Jun 2026Strengthening prevention, mental well-being and healthy ageing through improved hearing health E-10-2026-002380Written questionwith 15 co-authors21 Aug 2026

Show all 108 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 98

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections AFET-AM-791057 AFET1
2 Jul 2026From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up SEDE-AM-789957 SEDE14
1 Jul 2026Connecting Europe through high-speed rail TRAN-AM-790790 TRAN6
26 Jun 2026Amending Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council CJ76-AM-789933 CJ769
26 Jun 2026Amending Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council CJ76-AM-789089 CJ764
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-789892 CJ465
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-790087 CJ464
12 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC TRAN-AM-789087 TRAN3
11 Jun 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure SEDE-AM-789927 SEDE15
20 May 2026Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 TRAN-AM-788805 TRAN74

Show all 98 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Finland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Merja KYLLÖNEN”. Member record. memberId 124736. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124736?page=5&scope=final&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124736. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124736?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124736,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Merja KYLLÖNEN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124736?page=5&scope=final&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124736?page=5&scope=final&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124736. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124736. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}