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Member

Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ

EPP · Poland

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
91.6 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
91.4 %ⓘ of 568 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
Independent
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
17 of 527 votesⓘ
Committees
JURI, LIBE (substitute)
Member id
257045
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

91.6 %

568 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (+1.0 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

91.4 %

519 of 568 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (−4.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

3.2 %

17 of 527 votes where their group had a clear line

13 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

0.9 %

5 of 568 votes cast

Participation 91.6 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ91.6 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 91.4 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ91.4 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Adopted 334 for, 324 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 392 for, 179 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 395 for, 197 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025 Adopted 421 for, 120 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Addressing impunity through EU sanctions, including the EU Global Human Rights sanctions regime (so-called ‘EU Magnitsky Act’) Adopted 440 for, 127 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interest Passed 503 for, 57 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Adopted 492 for, 144 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Adopted 420 for, 207 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Safeguarding and promoting financial stability amid economic uncertainties Adopted 491 for, 83 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Adopted 444 for, 153 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Adopted 417 for, 234 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Adopted 477 for, 7 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Adopted 519 for, 2 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Grave political situation in Guinea-Bissau after the coup of 26 November Adopted 535 for, 0 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Adopted 386 for, 184 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear Adopted 450 for, 93 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Continuous Belarusian hybrid attacks against Lithuania Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Negotiating mandate approved 384 for, 237 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Negotiating mandate approved 396 for, 202 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies Passed 500 for, 120 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 405 for, 242 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC) Passed 604 for, 37 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025EU/Jordan Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: terms and conditions for the participation of Jordan in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 627 for, 13 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Simplification of the content and presentation of information to be disclosed concerning environmentally sustainable activities and simplification of certain technical screening criteria for determining whether economic activities cause no significant harm to environmental objectives Objection failed 230 for, 402 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Military Mobility Adopted 493 for, 127 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Adopted 425 for, 120 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Adopted 480 for, 83 against, 94 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Adopted 358 for, 202 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 431 for, 161 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Amending the Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes Amendment 1 rejected 122 for, 470 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan Passed 519 for, 119 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 629 for, 17 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Providing macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 585 for, 34 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Brexit Adjustment Reserve Passed 619 for, 6 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 428 for, 218 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt – Sweden Passed 578 for, 54 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified maize NK603 Objection passed 479 for, 173 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified sugar beet KWS20-1 Objection passed 455 for, 169 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Amending Regulations on the Internal Market Information System (IMI) and on the single digital gateway as regards certain harmonisation requirements on transparency Passed 400 for, 77 against, 132 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of third countries interest representation Passed 392 for, 88 against, 133 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Post-election killings and the deteriorating human rights situation in Tanzania, including the case of imprisoned opposition leader Tundu Lissu Adopted 539 for, 0 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalating repression of the Baha’is in Iran Adopted 549 for, 7 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Rule of law and human rights situation in Tunisia, particularly the case of Sonia Dahmani Adopted 464 for, 58 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement Adopted 490 for, 41 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 Adopted 490 for, 9 against, 109 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Application of the Treaty provisions related to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and the role of national parliaments in the EU legislative process Adopted 337 for, 245 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan Adopted 503 for, 32 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Political situation in Myanmar including the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya Adopted 519 for, 3 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine Adopted 401 for, 70 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Krzysztof BREJZA EPPPoland98 % of 4 970 shared89 %
Andrzej HALICKI EPPPoland97 % of 4 937 shared89 %
Ewa KOPACZ EPPPoland97 % of 5 330 shared89 %
Jagna MARCZUŁAJTIS-WALCZAK EPPPoland97 % of 5 220 shared89 %
Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA EPPPoland97 % of 5 095 shared89 %
Andrzej BUŁA EPPPoland97 % of 4 905 shared89 %
Mirosława NYKIEL EPPPoland97 % of 4 773 shared89 %
Kamila GASIUK-PIHOWICZ EPPPoland97 % of 5 261 shared89 %
Dariusz JOŃSKI EPPPoland97 % of 5 278 shared89 %
Łukasz KOHUT EPPPoland97 % of 5 216 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia85 % of 4 795 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania85 % of 3 805 shared82 %
Sophie WILMÈS RenewBelgium85 % of 3 788 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania84 % of 4 753 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium84 % of 5 207 shared82 %
Nathalie LOISEAU RenewFrance84 % of 4 431 shared82 %
Grégory ALLIONE RenewFrance84 % of 4 565 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland84 % of 4 170 shared82 %
Dan NICA S&DRomania84 % of 3 310 shared75 %
Ivars IJABS RenewLatvia84 % of 4 032 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Special Committee on the European Democracy ShieldEUDS Special committeeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with the Federative Republic of BrazilD-BR DelegationSubstitute3 Jul 2026now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblySubstitute3 Jul 2026now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupChair co16 Jan 2025now

Show all 7 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE14 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE7 Sept 2026
The Institutional Framework of the European Union and its interaction with national authorities in the application of Union law, with particular reference to Article 19 TEUShadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI11 Jun 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationEUDS22 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationJURI9 Feb 2026
Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693Shadow rapporteurLIBE9 Feb 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationJURI29 Jan 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE21 Jan 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurLIBE18 Sept 2025
Proposal for a Council decision determining, pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Treaty on European Union, the existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is foundedShadow rapporteurLIBE10 Sept 2025

Show all 22 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

50 contributions recorded, 4 written statements; 7 on behalf of their group; 72 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Defending European democracy and the integrity of the European Parliament in light of revelations that an MEP was subject to surveillance by illegal spyware (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
7 Jul 2026Presentation of the Action Plan on Cybersecurity and AI (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
28 Apr 2026Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
28 Apr 2026The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
28 Apr 2026Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
27 Apr 2026Order of business Speech · 1 minRead
11 Mar 2026Immunity of International Criminal Court officials and the activation of the EU Blocking Statute to strengthen EU strategic autonomy (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
9 Mar 2026European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024 (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
11 Feb 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 73

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0394Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION The deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong-Kong, amid the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung B-10-2026-0405Motion for a resolutionwith 23 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya B-10-2026-0418Motion for a resolutionwith 25 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0350Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0362Motion for a resolutionwith 25 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0355Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
17 Jun 2026Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease under EU public health policy E-10-2026-002516Written questionwith 17 co-authors24 Aug 2026
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich B-10-2026-0328Motion for a resolutionwith 28 co-authors—
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION the continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso B-10-2026-0321Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Nicaragua – the cases of Carlos Brenes, Salvadora del Socorro Martínez Aburto and Brooklyn Rivera B-10-2026-0292Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—

Show all 73 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 23

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-790967 CJ723
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791874 CJ722
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790058 CJ651
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790059 CJ651
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790061 CJ652
19 May 2026Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693 CJ03-AM-788926 CJ0316
12 Feb 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield EUDS-AM-784433 EUDS4
12 Feb 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield EUDS-AM-784367 EUDS1
12 Feb 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield EUDS-AM-784405 EUDS7
12 Feb 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield EUDS-AM-784406 EUDS3

Show all 23 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ”. Member record. memberId 257045. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257045?page=6&rows=all&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257045. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257045?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257045,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257045?page=6&rows=all&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257045?page=6&rows=all&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257045. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257045. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}