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Member

Bert-Jan RUISSEN

ECR · Netherlands

Group
ECR
Country
Netherlands
Roll-call participation
99.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
80.5 %ⓘ of 615 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 87.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
SGP Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
71 of 511 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI, CONT (substitute), PECH
Member id
197773
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

99.8 %

619 of 620 final votes while in office

ECR median: 91.9 % (+7.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

80.5 %

495 of 615 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 87.7 % (−7.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

13.9 %

71 of 511 votes where their group had a clear line

30 opposite (for ↔ against), 27 abstained against the line, 14 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

13.9 %

86 of 619 votes cast

Participation 99.8 % — ECR median 91.9 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Bert-Jan RUISSEN99.8 %
ECR median91.9 %
Lowest in the group51.0 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members79
With majority line 80.5 % — ECR median 87.7 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Bert-Jan RUISSEN80.5 %
ECR median87.7 %
Lowest in the group46.1 %
Highest in the group94.6 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Adopted 334 for, 324 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 392 for, 179 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 395 for, 197 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
21 Jan 2026Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025 Adopted 421 for, 120 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
21 Jan 2026Addressing impunity through EU sanctions, including the EU Global Human Rights sanctions regime (so-called ‘EU Magnitsky Act’) Adopted 440 for, 127 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
20 Jan 2026Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interest Passed 503 for, 57 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Adopted 492 for, 144 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Adopted 420 for, 207 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Safeguarding and promoting financial stability amid economic uncertainties Adopted 491 for, 83 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Adopted 444 for, 153 against, 55 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Adopted 417 for, 234 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Adopted 477 for, 7 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Adopted 519 for, 2 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Grave political situation in Guinea-Bissau after the coup of 26 November Adopted 535 for, 0 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Adopted 386 for, 184 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear Adopted 450 for, 93 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Continuous Belarusian hybrid attacks against Lithuania Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Negotiating mandate approved 384 for, 237 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Negotiating mandate approved 396 for, 202 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies Passed 500 for, 120 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 405 for, 242 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC) Passed 604 for, 37 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025EU/Jordan Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: terms and conditions for the participation of Jordan in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 627 for, 13 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Simplification of the content and presentation of information to be disclosed concerning environmentally sustainable activities and simplification of certain technical screening criteria for determining whether economic activities cause no significant harm to environmental objectives Objection failed 230 for, 402 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Military Mobility Adopted 493 for, 127 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Adopted 425 for, 120 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Adopted 480 for, 83 against, 94 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Adopted 358 for, 202 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 431 for, 161 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
16 Dec 2025Amending the Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes Amendment 1 rejected 122 for, 470 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
16 Dec 2025Incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan Passed 519 for, 119 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 629 for, 17 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Providing macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 585 for, 34 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Brexit Adjustment Reserve Passed 619 for, 6 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
16 Dec 2025Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 428 for, 218 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt – Sweden Passed 578 for, 54 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified maize NK603 Objection passed 479 for, 173 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified sugar beet KWS20-1 Objection passed 455 for, 169 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Amending Regulations on the Internal Market Information System (IMI) and on the single digital gateway as regards certain harmonisation requirements on transparency Passed 400 for, 77 against, 132 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of third countries interest representation Passed 392 for, 88 against, 133 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Post-election killings and the deteriorating human rights situation in Tanzania, including the case of imprisoned opposition leader Tundu Lissu Adopted 539 for, 0 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalating repression of the Baha’is in Iran Adopted 549 for, 7 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Rule of law and human rights situation in Tunisia, particularly the case of Sonia Dahmani Adopted 464 for, 58 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
27 Nov 2025Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement Adopted 490 for, 41 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 Adopted 490 for, 9 against, 109 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Application of the Treaty provisions related to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and the role of national parliaments in the EU legislative process Adopted 337 for, 245 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan Adopted 503 for, 32 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Political situation in Myanmar including the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya Adopted 519 for, 3 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine Adopted 401 for, 70 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 0 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ivaylo VALCHEV ECRBulgaria84 % of 5 765 shared81 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia84 % of 4 960 shared81 %
Aurelijus VERYGA ECRLithuania84 % of 5 361 shared81 %
Diego SOLIER changed group ECRSpain83 % of 5 281 shared81 %
Nora JUNCO GARCÍA changed group ECRSpain83 % of 5 083 shared81 %
Adam BIELAN ECRPoland82 % of 5 468 shared81 %
Waldemar TOMASZEWSKI ECRLithuania82 % of 4 186 shared81 %
Mario MANTOVANI ECRItaly82 % of 4 214 shared81 %
Mariusz KAMIŃSKI ECRPoland82 % of 5 808 shared81 %
Beata SZYDŁO ECRPoland82 % of 5 523 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal70 % of 5 634 shared68 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain70 % of 5 242 shared68 %
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain70 % of 5 603 shared68 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain70 % of 5 508 shared68 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain69 % of 5 862 shared68 %
Sander SMIT changed group ECRNetherlands69 % of 3 596 shared50 %
Branko GRIMS changed group No groupSlovenia69 % of 5 418 shared50 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain69 % of 4 425 shared68 %
Ondřej KOVAŘÍK Former memberPatriotsCzechia69 % of 1 183 shared68 %
Jessika VAN LEEUWEN changed group ECRNetherlands69 % of 3 978 shared50 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Budgetary ControlCONT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on FisheriesPECH CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with IsraelD-IL DelegationVice-chair4 Feb 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Armenia Parliamentary Partnership Committee, the EU-Azerbaijan Parliamentary Cooperation Committee and the EU-Georgia Parliamentary Association CommitteeDSCA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Freedom of Religion, Belief and ConscienceIG10-13 Intergroup / working groupChair co27 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with IsraelD-IL DelegationMember19 Sept 20243 Feb 2025

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sectionsShadow rapporteur for an opinionPECH14 Jul 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteur for an opinionPECH4 May 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesShadow rapporteurCONT2 Feb 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionCONT2 Feb 2026
Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024Shadow rapporteurCONT26 Jan 2026
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Opinion rapporteurAGRI13 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteurAGRI13 Jan 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesShadow rapporteurCONT13 Jan 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionCONT13 Jan 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesShadow rapporteurCONT16 Dec 2025

Show all 32 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

89 contributions recorded; 25 on behalf of their group; 113 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Stop gold-plating, relieve SMEs: Member States must implement EU legislation without adding extra bureaucracy (topical debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Evaluation of the common fisheries policy and follow-up (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Evaluation of the common fisheries policy and follow-up (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The EU’s role in the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip and the accountability of Israel under international law (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Preparation of the European Council (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Presentation of the Fertilisers Action Plan (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 May 2026The impact of the implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU on fisheries in selected fishing areas and sea basins (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead
30 Apr 2026How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases? (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 100

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong-Kong, amid the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung B-10-2026-0407Motion for a resolutionwith 23 co-authors—
9 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up B-10-2026-0386Motion for a resolutionwith 6 co-authors—
1 Sept 2026Dutch penalties for the unintended EU ban on catching poultry by the legs E-10-2026-003421Written questionNot yet answered
1 Sept 2026Dutch trade measures concerning goods originating from the West Bank P-10-2026-003417Priority written questionNot yet answered
17 Jul 2026Solidarity between Member States during periods of low water levels E-10-2026-003052Written question25 Aug 2026
11 Jul 2026Belgian road tax disc and compensation P-10-2026-002867Priority written question31 Aug 2026
8 Jul 2026Expert sub-group on eel E-10-2026-002829Written questionwith 1 co-author24 Aug 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0356Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0351Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
1 Jul 2026Engine damage caused by biofuel in inland shipping E-10-2026-002738Written questionNot yet answered

Show all 100 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 106

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
17 Jul 2026Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agriculture AGRI-AM-791100 AGRI27
17 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790898 AGRI2
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections PECH-AM-791014 PECH10
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790954 AGRI7
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI8
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790917 AGRI8
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790916 AGRI6
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI3

Show all 106 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Bert-Jan RUISSEN”. Member record. memberId 197773. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197773?page=6&rows=all&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197773. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197773?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197773,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Bert-Jan RUISSEN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197773?page=6&rows=all&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197773?page=6&rows=all&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197773. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197773. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}