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Member

Javier ZARZALEJOS

EPP · Spain

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
94.9 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
93.5 %ⓘ of 5 623 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 93.6 %
More facts (4)
National party
PP Partido Popular
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
225 of 5 365 votesⓘ
Member id
197606
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

94.9 %

5 623 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

EPP median: 89.9 % (+4.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

93.5 %

5 256 of 5 623 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 93.6 % (−0.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

4.2 %

225 of 5 365 votes where their group had a clear line

156 opposite (for ↔ against), 65 abstained against the line, 4 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

2.0 %

113 of 5 623 votes cast

Participation 94.9 % — EPP median 89.9 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Javier ZARZALEJOS94.9 %
EPP median89.9 %
Lowest in the group17.0 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members196
With majority line 93.5 % — EPP median 93.6 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Javier ZARZALEJOS93.5 %
EPP median93.6 %
Lowest in the group70.2 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members196
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Adopted 334 for, 324 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 392 for, 179 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 395 for, 197 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025 Adopted 421 for, 120 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Addressing impunity through EU sanctions, including the EU Global Human Rights sanctions regime (so-called ‘EU Magnitsky Act’) Adopted 440 for, 127 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interest Passed 503 for, 57 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Adopted 492 for, 144 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Adopted 420 for, 207 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Safeguarding and promoting financial stability amid economic uncertainties Adopted 491 for, 83 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Adopted 444 for, 153 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Adopted 417 for, 234 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Adopted 477 for, 7 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Adopted 519 for, 2 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Grave political situation in Guinea-Bissau after the coup of 26 November Adopted 535 for, 0 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Adopted 386 for, 184 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear Adopted 450 for, 93 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Continuous Belarusian hybrid attacks against Lithuania Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Negotiating mandate approved 384 for, 237 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Negotiating mandate approved 396 for, 202 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies Passed 500 for, 120 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 405 for, 242 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC) Passed 604 for, 37 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025EU/Jordan Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: terms and conditions for the participation of Jordan in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 627 for, 13 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Simplification of the content and presentation of information to be disclosed concerning environmentally sustainable activities and simplification of certain technical screening criteria for determining whether economic activities cause no significant harm to environmental objectives Objection failed 230 for, 402 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Military Mobility Adopted 493 for, 127 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Adopted 425 for, 120 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Adopted 480 for, 83 against, 94 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Adopted 358 for, 202 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 431 for, 161 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Amending the Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes Amendment 1 rejected 122 for, 470 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan Passed 519 for, 119 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 629 for, 17 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Providing macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 585 for, 34 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Brexit Adjustment Reserve Passed 619 for, 6 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 428 for, 218 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Dec 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt – Sweden Passed 578 for, 54 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified maize NK603 Objection passed 479 for, 173 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Genetically modified sugar beet KWS20-1 Objection passed 455 for, 169 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Dec 2025Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Amending Regulations on the Internal Market Information System (IMI) and on the single digital gateway as regards certain harmonisation requirements on transparency Passed 400 for, 77 against, 132 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of third countries interest representation Passed 392 for, 88 against, 133 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Post-election killings and the deteriorating human rights situation in Tanzania, including the case of imprisoned opposition leader Tundu Lissu Adopted 539 for, 0 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalating repression of the Baha’is in Iran Adopted 549 for, 7 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Rule of law and human rights situation in Tunisia, particularly the case of Sonia Dahmani Adopted 464 for, 58 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement Adopted 490 for, 41 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 Adopted 490 for, 9 against, 109 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Application of the Treaty provisions related to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and the role of national parliaments in the EU legislative process Adopted 337 for, 245 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan Adopted 503 for, 32 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025Political situation in Myanmar including the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya Adopted 519 for, 3 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2025EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine Adopted 401 for, 70 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 10 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249291
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129128
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202420
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244544
20 Jan 202520
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254541
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253229
12 Feb 2025100
13 Feb 2025300
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228224
13 Mar 20252423
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251240
3 Apr 20256255
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220217
8 May 202510386
21 May 202522
22 May 2025530
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259190
19 Jun 20258784
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134130
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202520
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255553
9 Oct 20256564
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186181
23 Oct 20255554
13 Nov 2025267263
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257574
26 Nov 202510099
27 Nov 2025125123
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256665
17 Dec 20254342
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266765
21 Jan 2026112107
22 Jan 20265856
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263836
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141133
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266059
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266967
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225221
29 Apr 2026296292
30 Apr 20266863
18 May 202644
19 May 202630
20 May 20269690
21 May 20269896
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127125
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144138
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155148
16 Sept 20268030
17 Sept 2026124121

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Alma EZCURRA ALMANSA EPPSpain99 % of 1 900 shared89 %
Pablo ARIAS ECHEVERRÍA EPPSpain99 % of 5 197 shared89 %
Isabel BENJUMEA BENJUMEA EPPSpain99 % of 5 547 shared89 %
Fernando NAVARRETE ROJAS EPPSpain99 % of 5 434 shared89 %
Carmen CRESPO DÍAZ EPPSpain98 % of 4 855 shared89 %
Gabriel MATO EPPSpain98 % of 5 029 shared89 %
Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE EPPSpain98 % of 4 937 shared89 %
Maravillas ABADÍA JOVER EPPSpain98 % of 5 332 shared89 %
Dolors MONTSERRAT EPPSpain98 % of 5 084 shared89 %
Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ EPPSpain98 % of 4 697 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia84 % of 5 076 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany84 % of 3 769 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania83 % of 5 005 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands83 % of 4 246 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium83 % of 5 444 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland83 % of 4 425 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands83 % of 4 975 shared82 %
Olivier CHASTEL RenewBelgium83 % of 5 070 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany83 % of 5 448 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany82 % of 4 600 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

48 contributions recorded; 10 on behalf of their group; 77 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
17 Jun 2026Protecting children’s safety and mental health from the risks posed by social media – our duty to act now (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Rights, support and protection of victims of crime (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
29 Apr 2026The need for targeted criminal provisions and platforms’ responsibility to effectively address cyberbullying and online harassment (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026The need for targeted criminal provisions and platforms’ responsibility to effectively address cyberbullying and online harassment (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
28 Apr 2026The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
25 Mar 2026Combating corruption (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 21

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
11 Sept 2026Ceuta migrant crisis E-10-2026-003642Written questionwith 3 co-authorsNot yet answered
4 Sept 2026Direct applicability of the regulations comprising the Migration and Asylum Pact P-10-2026-003509Priority written questionwith 4 co-authorsNot yet answered
27 Aug 2026Urgent enhancement of maritime surveillance, European cooperation to tackle the use of high-powered vessels by criminal human and drug trafficking networks E-10-2026-003351Written questionwith 2 co-authorsNot yet answered
15 Jul 2026The upcoming EU anti-corruption strategy O-10-2026-000031Oral questionNot yet answered
13 Jul 2026Missing and runaway children as an indicator of violence, abuse and grooming E-10-2026-002868Written questionwith 15 co-authorsNot yet answered
9 Jul 2026Document fraud in extraordinary regularisation processes and protecting the integrity of the Schengen area E-10-2026-002850Written questionwith 3 co-authors1 Sept 2026
9 Jul 2026Mass granting of Spanish citizenship by descent, document authenticity and governance of the Schengen area E-10-2026-002849Written questionwith 3 co-authors18 Sept 2026
24 Jun 2026Timeline and scope of the forthcoming simplification package on fisheries legislation to support the competitiveness of the EU fleet E-10-2026-002596Written questionwith 13 co-authors20 Aug 2026
10 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recruitment of children by organised crime B-10-2026-0275Motion for a resolutionwith 33 co-authors—
4 Jun 2026Possible misappropriation of campaign funds for the 2024 European Parliament elections E-10-2026-002309Written questionwith 1 co-author25 Sept 2026

Show all 21 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 17

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
27 Apr 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 CJ05-AM-787838 CJ051
10 Feb 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application LIBE-AM-784377 LIBE1
15 Dec 2025The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report – annual report 2025 LIBE-AM-781446 LIBE18
18 Nov 2025Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 JURI-AM-779701 JURI7
10 Jul 2025Protection of minors online IMCO-AM-775649 IMCO10
10 Jul 2025Protection of minors online IMCO-AM-774602 IMCO9
9 Jul 2025Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775460 JURI1
8 Jul 2025Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775459 JURI3
4 Jul 2025Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775458 JURI1
4 Jul 2025Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775457 JURI2

Show all 17 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197606?page=6
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Javier ZARZALEJOS”. Member record. memberId 197606. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197606?page=6 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197606. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197606?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-197606,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Javier ZARZALEJOS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197606?page=6}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197606?page=6},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197606. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197606. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}