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Member

Waldemar BUDA

ECR · Poland

Group
ECR
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
79.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
84.7 %ⓘ of 489 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 87.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
PiS Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
26 of 405 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI, ECON (substitute), INTA (substitute), SANT
Member id
99878
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

79.4 %

492 of 620 final votes while in office

ECR median: 91.9 % (−12.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

84.7 %

414 of 489 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 87.7 % (−3.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

6.4 %

26 of 405 votes where their group had a clear line

11 opposite (for ↔ against), 10 abstained against the line, 5 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

11.8 %

58 of 492 votes cast

Participation 79.4 % — ECR median 91.9 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Waldemar BUDA79.4 %
ECR median91.9 %
Lowest in the group51.0 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members79
With majority line 84.7 % — ECR median 87.7 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Waldemar BUDA84.7 %
ECR median87.7 %
Lowest in the group46.1 %
Highest in the group94.6 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: European Public Prosecutor’s Office Discharge decision adopted 454 for, 161 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Discharge decision adopted 475 for, 107 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Joint Undertakings Discharge decision adopted 525 for, 104 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/008 BE/Liberty - Belgium Passed 586 for, 48 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94637 Objection passed 412 for, 145 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 Adopted 328 for, 199 against, 98 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report Adopted 387 for, 191 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 Adopted 416 for, 190 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Passed 459 for, 127 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Apr 2026Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Passed 558 for, 35 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Amendments to Biocidal Products Regulation as regards the extension of certain data protection periods Passed 591 for, 54 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: workers affected by imminent job displacement Passed 566 for, 67 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 Interim report adopted 370 for, 201 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Tie
28 Apr 2026Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III Adopted 389 for, 191 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
28 Apr 2026Amendments to Parliament's Rules of Procedure concerning appointments to Union agencies and bodies (Rule 135) Adopted 657 for, 0 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024 Adopted 377 for, 254 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Adopted 447 for, 160 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 Rejected 231 for, 389 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026The role of ocean diplomacy for the competitiveness of EU fisheries and aquaculture Adopted 430 for, 107 against, 115 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Control, transparency and traceability of performance-based instruments Adopted 527 for, 85 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
28 Apr 2026Enhancing connectivity, preserving cultural heritage and driving local excellence in European tourism – destination management and regional tourism growth Adopted 439 for, 42 against, 129 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Apr 2026Extension of the term of office of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Adopted 422 for, 202 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
26 Mar 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) Negotiating mandate approved 389 for, 206 against, 32 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Combating corruption Passed 581 for, 21 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application Failed 228 for, 311 against, 92 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
26 Mar 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America Passed 417 for, 154 against, 71 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Passed 437 for, 144 against, 60 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) Passed 569 for, 45 against, 23 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026United Nations Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships Consent given 605 for, 3 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026EU-China Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV Consent given 603 for, 3 against, 33 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026EU-Lebanon Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting, participation of Lebanon in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Consent given 618 for, 6 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/005 AT/KTM - Austria Passed 584 for, 39 against, 13 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/007 BE/Casa - Belgium Passed 575 for, 48 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Union framework for the national calculation of life-cycle global warming potential Objection failed 208 for, 414 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
26 Mar 2026Global Gateway – past impacts and future orientation Adopted 371 for, 146 against, 80 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
12 Mar 2026Calculation of emission credits for heavy-duty vehicles for the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2029 Passed 473 for, 81 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Package travel and linked travel arrangements: make the protection of travellers more effective and simplify and clarify certain aspects Passed 537 for, 2 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine Adopted 479 for, 17 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026The arbitrary detention of President Mohamed Bazoum by the junta in Niger Adopted 524 for, 2 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Case of Elene Khoshtaria and political prisoners under the Georgian Dream regime Adopted 438 for, 37 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2026Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024 Rejected 233 for, 250 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application Passed 458 for, 103 against, 63 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law Consent given 455 for, 101 against, 74 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026EU-Ecuador Agreement: cooperation between Europol and the Ecuadorian authorities competent for combating serious crime and terrorism Consent given 586 for, 21 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/004 BE/Tupperware – Belgium Passed 562 for, 53 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission Adopted 446 for, 100 against, 72 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026Gender pay and pension gap in the EU: state of play, challenges and the way forward, and developing guidelines for the better evaluation and fairer remuneration of work in female-dominated sectors Adopted 458 for, 72 against, 98 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026European Semester for economic policy coordination 2026 Adopted 392 for, 219 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2026 Adopted 404 for, 208 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026EU enlargement strategy Adopted 385 for, 147 against, 98 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Maciej WĄSIK ECRPoland99 % of 4 801 shared81 %
Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA ECRPoland98 % of 4 448 shared81 %
Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI ECRPoland97 % of 4 867 shared81 %
Piotr MÜLLER ECRPoland97 % of 4 211 shared81 %
Marlena MALĄG ECRPoland97 % of 4 810 shared81 %
Tobiasz BOCHEŃSKI ECRPoland97 % of 4 291 shared81 %
Anna ZALEWSKA ECRPoland97 % of 4 861 shared81 %
Jacek OZDOBA ECRPoland97 % of 4 476 shared81 %
Beata SZYDŁO ECRPoland97 % of 4 685 shared81 %
Bogdan RZOŃCA ECRPoland97 % of 4 888 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal75 % of 4 691 shared68 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain75 % of 4 336 shared68 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain75 % of 4 574 shared68 %
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain75 % of 4 669 shared68 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain75 % of 4 879 shared68 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain75 % of 3 682 shared68 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain74 % of 3 749 shared68 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland74 % of 4 560 shared67 %
Ondřej KOVAŘÍK Former memberPatriotsCzechia73 % of 1 074 shared68 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia73 % of 2 728 shared68 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute15 Jul 2026now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Public HealthSANT CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with the Arab PeninsulaDARP DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with MercosurDMER DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Committee on Regional DevelopmentREGI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202413 Sept 2026

Show all 7 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agricultureShadow rapporteurAGRI18 Jun 2026
Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agricultureRapporteurAGRI17 Jun 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI14 Jan 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI14 Jan 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionREGI13 Jan 2026
Laying down Union procedures for the authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for human use and establishing rules governing the European Medicines Agency, amending Regulation (EC) No 1394/2007 and Regulation (EU) No 536/2014 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, Regulation (EC) No 141/2000 and Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006Shadow rapporteurSANT25 Nov 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA8 Sept 2025
Public health aspects of biotechnology and life sciencesShadow rapporteurSANT12 May 2025
Cooperation among enforcement authorities responsible for the enforcement of Directive (EU) 2019/633 on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chainShadow rapporteurAGRI22 Apr 2025
Amended proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a mechanism to resolve legal and administrative obstacles in a cross-border contextShadow rapporteurREGI25 Oct 2024

Show all 12 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

21 contributions recorded; 28 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 May 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 2 minRead
9 Feb 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
7 Oct 2025Common agricultural policy (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead
9 Sept 2025Cohesion policy (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Jul 2025Post-2027 Common Agricultural Policy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
16 Jun 2025Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 21 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 31

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya B-10-2026-0420Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0419Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong-Kong, amid the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung B-10-2026-0407Motion for a resolutionwith 23 co-authors—
9 Sept 2026The provisional application of the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement P-10-2026-003598Priority written questionNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
11 Jul 2026Increase in the bioethanol blending rate under the Fuel Quality Directive E-10-2026-002866Written questionwith 8 co-authors22 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the Threat of War Crimes, the Escalating Violations of International Humanitarian Law and the Human Rights Situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0363Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0356Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0351Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
1 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the Commission delegated regulation (EU) of 27 March 2026 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/688 as regards infection with bluetongue virus (serotypes 1-24) and infection with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and introducing a derogation for movements of registered equine animals B-10-2026-0342Motion for a resolutionwith 40 co-authors—

Show all 31 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 75

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
27 Aug 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strengthening territorial resilience and cross-border cooperation REGI-AM-791869 REGI18
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy – the driving force in implementing the EU agenda for cities REGI-AM-791875 REGI7
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy – the driving force in implementing the EU agenda for cities REGI-AM-791872 REGI9
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strengthening territorial resilienceand cross-border cooperation REGI-AM-791870 REGI4
17 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790898 AGRI3
17 Jul 2026Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agriculture AGRI-AM-791100 AGRI40
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790936 CJ534
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI7
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI5
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790916 AGRI11

Show all 75 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Waldemar BUDA”. Member record. memberId 99878. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/99878?page=4&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/99878. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/99878?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-99878,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Waldemar BUDA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/99878?page=4&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/99878?page=4&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 99878. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/99878. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}