Member

Gheorghe CÂRCIU

S&D · Romania

Group: S&D
Country: Romania
Roll-call participation: 59.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line: 93.0 %ⓘ of 371 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %

More facts (5)

National party: PSD Partidul Social Democrat
In office: Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line: 23 of 366 votesⓘ
Committees: AGRI, LIBE (substitute)
Member id: 257100

National party: PSD Partidul Social Democrat
In office: Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line: 23 of 366 votesⓘ
Committees: AGRI, LIBE (substitute)
Member id: 257100

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EP profile

Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term 2024 (from July)2025 2026

Custom dates

Votes Final votes620 All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

59.8 %

371 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (−29.7 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

93.0 %

345 of 371 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (−4.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

6.3 %

23 of 366 votes where their group had a clear line

19 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.6 %

6 of 371 votes cast

Participation 59.8 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
Figure	Participation
Gheorghe CÂRCIU	59.8 %
S&D median	89.5 %
Lowest in the group	48.1 %
Highest in the group	99.8 %
Members	137

With majority line 93.0 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
Figure	With majority line
Gheorghe CÂRCIU	93.0 %
S&D median	97.1 %
Lowest in the group	86.7 %
Highest in the group	99.8 %
Members	137

Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
“No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votes All roll calls

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
Date	Decision	Result	Position	Majority line
11 Mar 2026	Recommendation on enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty	Adopted 482 for, 108 against, 42 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026	Tackling barriers to the single market for defence	Adopted 393 for, 169 against, 67 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026	Flagship European defence projects of common interest	Adopted 448 for, 122 against, 38 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law	Passed 498 for, 90 against, 28 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Establishing an EU talent pool	Passed 414 for, 182 against, 21 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee	Passed 441 for, 105 against, 81 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024	Adopted 493 for, 92 against, 44 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housing	Adopted 367 for, 166 against, 84 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Public access to documents - report 2022 - 2024	Adopted 602 for, 9 against, 8 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Copyright and generative artificial intelligence – opportunities and challenges	Adopted 460 for, 71 against, 88 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	Fisheries management approaches for safeguarding sensitive species, tackling invasive species and benefiting local economies	Adopted 528 for, 21 against, 62 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026	The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) Act	Adopted 399 for, 78 against, 69 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
24 Feb 2026	Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine	Adopted 437 for, 82 against, 70 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain	Passed 555 for, 0 against, 26 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Post-election situation in Uganda and threats against opposition leader Bobi Wine	Adopted 514 for, 3 against, 56 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran	Adopted 524 for, 3 against, 41 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Targeted expulsions of foreign journalists and foreign Christians in Türkiye under national security pretexts	Adopted 502 for, 2 against, 59 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy	Adopted 385 for, 141 against, 53 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights	Adopted 332 for, 209 against, 33 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women	Adopted 340 for, 141 against, 68 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026	Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire	Adopted 363 for, 71 against, 81 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027	Passed 458 for, 140 against, 44 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility	Passed 473 for, 140 against, 32 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Amending the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027	Consent given 490 for, 130 against, 32 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/006 BE/Audi – Belgium	Passed 593 for, 55 against, 9 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6	Objection passed 461 for, 169 against, 22 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2)	Objection passed 462 for, 169 against, 22 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Genetically modified cotton T304-40	Objection passed 428 for, 156 against, 22 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25	Objection passed 463 for, 164 against, 21 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Agreement establishing an association between the EU and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino	Interim report adopted 552 for, 24 against, 75 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026	EU strategic defence and security partnerships	Adopted 440 for, 119 against, 85 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026	Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level	Passed 408 for, 184 against, 60 abstained	Position: For ≠ group	Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026	Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept	Passed 396 for, 226 against, 30 abstained	Position: For ≠ group	Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026	Amending regulations on agricultural products as regards market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine products	Passed 625 for, 15 against, 11 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026	Amending the Measuring Instruments Directive	Passed 594 for, 25 against, 23 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026	Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products	Passed 483 for, 102 against, 67 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026	Framework for achieving climate neutrality	Passed 413 for, 226 against, 12 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026	European Union designs (codification)	Passed 613 for, 5 against, 29 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026	European Central Bank – annual report 2025	Adopted 443 for, 71 against, 117 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026	Motion of censure on the Commission	Rejected 165 for, 390 against, 10 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026	Conviction and imminent sentencing of Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong	Adopted 503 for, 9 against, 100 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026	Case of Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic	Adopted 582 for, 0 against, 35 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026	Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges	Adopted 483 for, 68 against, 76 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026	Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness	Adopted 318 for, 247 against, 67 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026	European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure	Adopted 471 for, 68 against, 71 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026	Brutal repression against protesters in Iran	Adopted 562 for, 9 against, 57 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026	Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania	Adopted 385 for, 165 against, 35 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026	Air passenger rights	Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) adopted 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026	EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina	Consent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026	Enhanced cooperation on the establishment of a Loan for Ukraine	Consent given 499 for, 135 against, 24 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 33 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
Sitting	Roll calls	Voted in
17 Jul 2024	1	1
18 Sept 2024	2	2
19 Sept 2024	6	6
8 Oct 2024	1	1
9 Oct 2024	2	0
10 Oct 2024	1	0
22 Oct 2024	5	0
23 Oct 2024	2	1
24 Oct 2024	2	0
14 Nov 2024	5	0
26 Nov 2024	8	0
27 Nov 2024	7	0
28 Nov 2024	6	0
17 Dec 2024	6	6
18 Dec 2024	7	7
19 Dec 2024	5	0
21 Jan 2025	1	0
22 Jan 2025	1	0
23 Jan 2025	4	0
11 Feb 2025	4	0
12 Feb 2025	4	4
13 Feb 2025	2	0
11 Mar 2025	4	4
12 Mar 2025	7	7
13 Mar 2025	3	3
1 Apr 2025	7	7
2 Apr 2025	9	9
3 Apr 2025	5	5
6 May 2025	4	4
7 May 2025	20	19
8 May 2025	12	12
22 May 2025	6	0
17 Jun 2025	8	8
18 Jun 2025	7	4
19 Jun 2025	6	6
8 Jul 2025	8	8
9 Jul 2025	14	14
10 Jul 2025	7	0
9 Sept 2025	6	6
10 Sept 2025	15	13
11 Sept 2025	8	7
7 Oct 2025	4	0
8 Oct 2025	10	0
9 Oct 2025	10	0
21 Oct 2025	8	8
22 Oct 2025	6	0
23 Oct 2025	5	0
13 Nov 2025	16	15
25 Nov 2025	13	0
26 Nov 2025	10	10
27 Nov 2025	11	11
16 Dec 2025	11	0
17 Dec 2025	11	11
18 Dec 2025	6	6
20 Jan 2026	6	6
21 Jan 2026	8	8
22 Jan 2026	8	7
10 Feb 2026	8	8
11 Feb 2026	10	9
12 Feb 2026	8	0
24 Feb 2026	1	1
10 Mar 2026	9	8
11 Mar 2026	12	12
12 Mar 2026	6	0
26 Mar 2026	13	12
28 Apr 2026	14	0
29 Apr 2026	17	0
30 Apr 2026	11	0
19 May 2026	3	0
20 May 2026	12	9
21 May 2026	10	0
16 Jun 2026	10	10
17 Jun 2026	16	8
18 Jun 2026	7	0
7 Jul 2026	15	15
8 Jul 2026	15	15
9 Jul 2026	4	0
15 Sept 2026	12	0
16 Sept 2026	16	15
17 Sept 2026	10	3

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Dragoş BENEA	Dragoş BENEA	S&D	Romania	99 % of 2 439 shared	93 %
Select Claudiu MANDA	Claudiu MANDA	S&D	Romania	99 % of 1 917 shared	93 %
Select Mihai TUDOSE	Mihai TUDOSE	S&D	Romania	97 % of 2 279 shared	93 %
Select Ştefan MUŞOIU	Ştefan MUŞOIU	S&D	Romania	97 % of 3 036 shared	93 %
Select Gabriela FIREA	Gabriela FIREA	S&D	Romania	97 % of 2 503 shared	93 %
Select Victor NEGRESCU	Victor NEGRESCU	S&D	Romania	97 % of 3 127 shared	93 %
Select Andi CRISTEA	Andi CRISTEA	S&D	Romania	97 % of 3 133 shared	93 %
Select Dan NICA	Dan NICA	S&D	Romania	95 % of 2 318 shared	93 %
Select Vasile DÎNCU	Vasile DÎNCU	S&D	Romania	95 % of 3 196 shared	93 %
Select Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ	Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ	S&D	Lithuania	94 % of 3 225 shared	93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Elisabetta GUALMINI	Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group	Renew	Italy	90 % of 801 shared	86 %
Select Dainius ŽALIMAS	Dainius ŽALIMAS	Renew	Lithuania	88 % of 3 206 shared	86 %
Select Helmut BRANDSTÄTTER	Helmut BRANDSTÄTTER	Renew	Austria	87 % of 2 771 shared	86 %
Select Marjan ŠAREC	Marjan ŠAREC	Renew	Slovenia	87 % of 3 060 shared	86 %
Select Sophie WILMÈS	Sophie WILMÈS	Renew	Belgium	87 % of 2 204 shared	86 %
Select Charles GOERENS	Charles GOERENS	Renew	Luxembourg	87 % of 3 154 shared	86 %
Select Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE	Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE	Renew	Belgium	87 % of 2 524 shared	86 %
Select Dan BARNA	Dan BARNA	Renew	Romania	87 % of 3 055 shared	86 %
Select Eugen TOMAC	Eugen TOMAC	Renew	Romania	87 % of 2 841 shared	86 %
Select Pascal CANFIN	Pascal CANFIN	Renew	France	86 % of 3 271 shared	86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
Body	Role	From	To
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI Committee	Member	19 Jul 2024	now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE Committee	Substitute	19 Jul 2024	now
Delegation for Northern cooperation and for relations with Switzerland and Norway and to the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee and the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary CommitteeDEEA Delegation	Vice-chair	9 Jul 2025	now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assembly	Substitute	19 Sept 2024	now
Intergroup on DemographyIG10-09 Intergroup / working group	Member	10 Mar 2026	now
Intergroup on Sustainable LivestockIG10-15 Intergroup / working group	Member	31 Jan 2025	now
Intergroup on Wine, Quality Foodstuffs and SpiritsIG10-28 Intergroup / working group	Member	23 Jan 2025	now
Delegation for Northern cooperation and for relations with Switzerland and Norway and to the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee and the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary CommitteeDEEA Delegation	Member	19 Sept 2024	8 Jul 2025

Show all 8 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
Dossier	Role	Committee	Date
No dossier named	Official delegation	AGRI	8 Sept 2026
Amending Council Directive 98/58/EC and Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification and strengthening of food and feed safety requirements, and repealing Council Directives 82/711/EEC and 85/572/EEC	Shadow rapporteur	AGRI	17 Apr 2026
Amending Regulations (EC) No 999/2001, (EC) No 1829/2003, (EC) No 1831/2003, (EC) No 852/2004, (EC) No 853/2004, (EC) No 396/2005, (EC) No 1099/2009, (EC) No 1107/2009, (EU) No 528/2012, (EU) 2017/625 as regards the simplification and strengthening of food and feed safety requirements	Shadow rapporteur	AGRI	17 Apr 2026
No dossier named	Official delegation	AGRI	17 Jul 2025
I would be shadow rapporteur for AGRI decision ”Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seed” and I will negotiate on behalf of S &D and Romania's priorities with other political groups.	Shadow rapporteur	AGRI	14 Nov 2024
No dossier named	Delegation vice-chair	DEEA	26 Sept 2024

Show all 6 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

No speech or statement in plenary recorded this term.

Questions and motions, 5

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
Date	Title	Kind	Answer
1 Jul 2026	PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338	Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors	—
11 Mar 2026	Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sector O-10-2026-000014	Oral questionwith 42 co-authors	Not yet answered
17 Oct 2025	Clarifications necessary as regards protection of the best interests of the child and respect for parental rights E-10-2025-004108	Written questionwith 5 co-authors	6 Jan 2026
2 Jul 2025	Situation of children on summer camp programmes for children from the Romanian diaspora, stranded at the border with Ukraine P-10-2025-002714	Priority written question	29 Jul 2025
4 Oct 2024	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration B-10-2024-0085	Motion for a resolutionwith 13 co-authors	—

Amendments tabled in committee, 2

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
Date	Text amended	Committee	Amendments
22 Jun 2026	on general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 – all sections AGRI-AM-790051	AGRI	14
26 Sept 2025	General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 - all sections BUDG-AM-778084	BUDG	1

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

Group Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats S&D · Centre-left · social democracy

National delegation

Delegation Romania National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257100?docs=all&page=5&scope=final
Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament
Data source: EP Open Data: member record
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Gheorghe CÂRCIU”. Member record. memberId 257100. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257100?docs=all&page=5&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257100. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257100?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-member-257100,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Gheorghe CÂRCIU}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257100?docs=all&page=5&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257100?docs=all&page=5&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257100. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257100. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}