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Member

Michał KOBOSKO

Renew · Poland

Group
Renew
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
92.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
93.5 %ⓘ of 569 votes where the group had a line · Renew median 93.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
Unia Centrum
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
10 of 524 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET (substitute), ITRE, PETI
Member id
257037
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

92.4 %

573 of 620 final votes while in office

Renew median: 91.5 % (+0.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

93.5 %

532 of 569 votes where their group had a line

Renew median: 93.6 % (−0.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.9 %

10 of 524 votes where their group had a clear line

5 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

3.7 %

21 of 573 votes cast

Participation 92.4 % — Renew median 91.5 %, 76 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 76 members of the Renew with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Michał KOBOSKO92.4 %
Renew median91.5 %
Lowest in the group64.4 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members76
With majority line 93.5 % — Renew median 93.6 %, 76 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 76 members of the Renew with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Michał KOBOSKO93.5 %
Renew median93.6 %
Lowest in the group79.8 %
Highest in the group97.6 %
Members76
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Renew; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
16 Jun 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/009 BE/Soliver Passed 602 for, 47 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026European political parties and foundations – 2026 report on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 2025/2445 and on the activities funded Adopted 426 for, 140 against, 107 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Countering transnational repression – towards an EU strategy to protect Europe’s sovereignty and democratic values Adopted 434 for, 128 against, 104 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Role of trade in strengthening the EU’s economic security Adopted 415 for, 105 against, 142 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries Adopted 344 for, 237 against, 66 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securitisation exposures Negotiating mandate approved 294 for, 192 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 on securitisation and a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation Negotiating mandate approved 294 for, 194 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Periodic roadworthiness tests and technical roadside inspection (Roadworthiness package) Negotiating mandate approved 369 for, 126 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Rights, support and protection of victims of crime Passed 440 for, 49 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran Adopted 516 for, 14 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Situation of women and girls in Afghanistan following the Taliban’s adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code for Courts Adopted 480 for, 5 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026The cases of human rights and environmental defenders Andrie Yunus and Muhammad Rosidi in Indonesia Adopted 469 for, 38 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward Adopted 337 for, 178 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap Adopted 263 for, 83 against, 154 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 May 2026The need to reduce work-related fatalities Adopted 395 for, 12 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement Consent given 493 for, 104 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table Olives: amendment of Article 36 Consent given 644 for, 1 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026United Nations Convention against Cybercrime Consent given 497 for, 91 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Lebanon Agreement on cooperation between Eurojust and the authorities of Lebanon competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters Consent given 581 for, 12 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Cook Islands Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement (2025-2032): Implementing Protocol Consent given 476 for, 101 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026EC-São Tomé and Príncipe Fisheries Partnership Agreement (2025–2029): Implementing Protocol Consent given 545 for, 89 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Canada Agreement laying down the conditions for the participation of Canadian legal entities and products originating in Canada to procurement under the SAFE Instrument Consent given 466 for, 169 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (resolution) Adopted 423 for, 16 against, 208 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026The impact of the implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU on fisheries in selected fishing areas and sea basins Adopted 518 for, 31 against, 102 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Adopted 369 for, 160 against, 112 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Adopted 347 for, 165 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
20 May 2026Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU trade Adopted 527 for, 62 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 May 2026Negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market Passed 606 for, 16 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 May 2026Screening of foreign investments in the Union Passed 508 for, 64 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 May 2026Research Fund for Coal and Steel: research programme and multiannual technical and financial guidelines Passed 537 for, 17 against, 83 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Convention Establishing an International Claims Commission for Ukraine Consent given 465 for, 57 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Escalating trafficking and exploitation by criminal groups in Haiti Adopted 511 for, 21 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026New Chinese law on ‘ethnic unity and progress’ and the intensified suppression of ethnic identities Adopted 439 for, 52 against, 71 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Shortcomings and deficiencies of the ‘Amnesty Law’ in Venezuela Adopted 507 for, 31 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2027 – Section I – European Parliament Adopted 401 for, 116 against, 68 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Financial literacy and the rise of finfluencers in the context of the savings and investments union Adopted 502 for, 46 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases? Adopted 426 for, 119 against, 40 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Women’s entrepreneurship in rural and island areas and outermost regions Adopted 404 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Banking Union – annual report 2025 Adopted 376 for, 187 against, 17 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in Ukraine Adopted 446 for, 63 against, 52 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
30 Apr 2026Supporting democratic resilience in Armenia Adopted 476 for, 47 against, 48 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products Passed 540 for, 60 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector Passed 433 for, 120 against, 91 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026European Chemicals Agency and amending regulations Passed 526 for, 56 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Amendment of the European Electoral Act allowing Members to vote in plenary by proxy voting during pregnancy and after giving birth Consent given 616 for, 24 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026EU-Iceland agreement on transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute terrorist offences and serious crime Consent given 532 for, 75 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026International Cocoa Agreement Consent given 601 for, 13 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026EU-USA-Iceland-Norway Air Transport Agreement, and EU-Iceland-Norway Ancillary Agreement on the application of the Air Transport Agreement Consent given 631 for, 6 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026EU-Norway Agreement on transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime Consent given 532 for, 72 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Discharge decision adopted 418 for, 207 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 5 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Renew

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Dainius ŽALIMAS RenewLithuania97 % of 5 038 shared92 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania96 % of 4 738 shared92 %
Petras AUŠTREVIČIUS RenewLithuania96 % of 5 393 shared92 %
Stine BOSSE RenewDenmark96 % of 5 300 shared92 %
Marjan ŠAREC RenewSlovenia96 % of 4 791 shared92 %
Ilhan KYUCHYUK RenewBulgaria96 % of 5 009 shared92 %
Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON RenewFinland96 % of 4 838 shared92 %
Taner KABILOV changed group ECRBulgaria96 % of 480 shared92 %
Charles GOERENS RenewLuxembourg95 % of 5 083 shared92 %
Valérie HAYER RenewFrance95 % of 5 164 shared92 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Dan NICA S&DRomania89 % of 3 360 shared86 %
Sven MIKSER S&DEstonia88 % of 5 328 shared86 %
Isabel WISELER-LIMA EPPLuxembourg88 % of 5 195 shared82 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal88 % of 4 836 shared86 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain88 % of 5 039 shared86 %
Marina KALJURAND S&DEstonia88 % of 4 991 shared86 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal88 % of 4 984 shared86 %
Francisco ASSIS S&DPortugal88 % of 4 387 shared86 %
Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ S&DLithuania88 % of 5 150 shared86 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal88 % of 5 267 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with BelarusD-BY DelegationVice-chair3 Oct 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Attracting Investment to Ensure a Competitive and Sustainable European UnionIG10-03 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Sky and SpaceIG10-21 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Feb 2025now
Delegation for relations with BelarusD-BY DelegationMember19 Sept 20242 Oct 2024

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Mobile satellite services: selection and authorisation of systems using the harmonised 2 GHz frequency bandShadow rapporteurITRE17 Sept 2026
Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2026Shadow rapporteur for an opinionPETI15 Sept 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Agreement in respect of Gibraltar between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other partShadow rapporteurAFET16 Jul 2026
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the foreign policy response to external interference in the EU's neighbourhoodShadow rapporteurAFET15 Jun 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurPETI22 May 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurPETI19 May 2026
Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act)RapporteurITRE26 Feb 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET14 Jul 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurPETI5 Jun 2025
Preserving the memory of the victims of the post war communist period in SloveniaShadow rapporteurPETI5 Jun 2025

Show all 14 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

51 contributions recorded; 10 on behalf of their group; 67 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Stop gold-plating, relieve SMEs: Member States must implement EU legislation without adding extra bureaucracy (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Protecting EU citizens’ data from hybrid threats: the Lithuanian case (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Achieving digital sovereignty and resilience for Europe, in light of recent developments affecting access to advanced AI technologies (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Achieving digital sovereignty and resilience for Europe, in light of recent developments affecting access to advanced AI technologies (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Europe's response to reduced US military deployments in Europe, particularly at its Eastern flank in the light of the latest US decisions (debate) on behalf of RenewSpeech · 1 minRead
18 May 2026Order of business SpeechRead
18 May 2026Order of business on behalf of RenewSpeech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 34

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
27 Jul 2026Providing assistance following the outbreak of war on 24 February 2024 and the implications for businesses E-10-2026-003135Written question23 Sept 2026
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich B-10-2026-0326Motion for a resolutionwith 18 co-authors—
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0311Motion for a resolutionwith 13 co-authors—
11 Jun 2026Small modular reactors E-10-2026-002408Written questionwith 25 co-authors20 Aug 2026
26 May 2026Application of the Habitats and Birds directives in the Polish building planning and permission system – Bysina local development plan, Myślenice P-10-2026-002134Priority written question8 Jul 2026
27 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in Ukraine B-10-2026-0211Motion for a resolutionwith 14 co-authors—
27 Apr 2026Ukrainian children forcibly transferred and deported by Russia E-10-2026-001705Written questionwith 49 co-authors14 Jul 2026
8 Apr 2026Acquisition of Smartwings by Pegasus: concerns over regulatory gaps, market competition distortion and the impact of foreign subsidies P-10-2026-001420Priority written question22 May 2026
26 Mar 2026Urgent disbursement of EU financial support related to Ukraine E-10-2026-001268Written questionwith 3 co-authors29 Jul 2026
9 Mar 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular Africans, for Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine B-10-2026-0170Motion for a resolutionwith 21 co-authors—

Show all 34 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 61

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
17 Sept 2026Mobile satellite services: selection and authorisation of systems using the harmonised 2 GHz frequency band ITRE-AM-792193 ITRE23
17 Sept 2026Mobile satellite services: selection and authorisation of systems using the harmonised 2 GHz frequency band ITRE-AM-792052 ITRE32
14 Jul 2026Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2025 PETI-AM-790995 PETI24
10 Jul 2026Towards an EU strategy to protect and strengthen the international justice system and its institutions, mechanisms and partners AFET-AM-790940 AFET4
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790061 CJ651
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790062 CJ6511
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790057 CJ651
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790058 CJ654
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790059 CJ653
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE5

Show all 61 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

  • Group Renew Europe Renew · Centre · liberalism, pro-Europeanism

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Michał KOBOSKO”. Member record. memberId 257037. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257037?page=3&scope=final&seats=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257037. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257037?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257037,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Michał KOBOSKO}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257037?page=3&scope=final&seats=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257037?page=3&scope=final&seats=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257037. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257037. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}