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Member

Estrella GALÁN

The Left · Spain

Group
The Left
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
82.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
90.6 %ⓘ of 508 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
SMR Movimiento Sumar
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
19 of 423 votesⓘ
Committees
EMPL (substitute), LIBE (vice-chair)
Member id
257012
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

82.4 %

511 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (−4.5 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

90.6 %

460 of 508 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (+3.9 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

4.5 %

19 of 423 votes where their group had a clear line

6 opposite (for ↔ against), 10 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

16.6 %

85 of 511 votes cast

Participation 82.4 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Estrella GALÁN82.4 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 90.6 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Estrella GALÁN90.6 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
11 Mar 2026Recommendation on enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty Adopted 482 for, 108 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
11 Mar 2026Tackling barriers to the single market for defence Adopted 393 for, 169 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026Flagship European defence projects of common interest Adopted 448 for, 122 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law Passed 498 for, 90 against, 28 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Establishing an EU talent pool Passed 414 for, 182 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Tie
10 Mar 2026Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee Passed 441 for, 105 against, 81 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024 Adopted 493 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
10 Mar 2026Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housing Adopted 367 for, 166 against, 84 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Public access to documents - report 2022 - 2024 Adopted 602 for, 9 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Copyright and generative artificial intelligence – opportunities and challenges Adopted 460 for, 71 against, 88 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Fisheries management approaches for safeguarding sensitive species, tackling invasive species and benefiting local economies Adopted 528 for, 21 against, 62 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) Act Adopted 399 for, 78 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
24 Feb 2026Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine Adopted 437 for, 82 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain Passed 555 for, 0 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Post-election situation in Uganda and threats against opposition leader Bobi Wine Adopted 514 for, 3 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran Adopted 524 for, 3 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Targeted expulsions of foreign journalists and foreign Christians in Türkiye under national security pretexts Adopted 502 for, 2 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy Adopted 385 for, 141 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights Adopted 332 for, 209 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women Adopted 340 for, 141 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire Adopted 363 for, 71 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 Passed 458 for, 140 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility Passed 473 for, 140 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Amending the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 Consent given 490 for, 130 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/006 BE/Audi – Belgium Passed 593 for, 55 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6 Objection passed 461 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2) Objection passed 462 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton T304-40 Objection passed 428 for, 156 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 Objection passed 463 for, 164 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Agreement establishing an association between the EU and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino Interim report adopted 552 for, 24 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026EU strategic defence and security partnerships Adopted 440 for, 119 against, 85 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Passed 408 for, 184 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Passed 396 for, 226 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Amending regulations on agricultural products as regards market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine products Passed 625 for, 15 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Amending the Measuring Instruments Directive Passed 594 for, 25 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 483 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
10 Feb 2026Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 413 for, 226 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026European Union designs (codification) Passed 613 for, 5 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026European Central Bank – annual report 2025 Adopted 443 for, 71 against, 117 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 165 for, 390 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Conviction and imminent sentencing of Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong Adopted 503 for, 9 against, 100 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026Case of Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic Adopted 582 for, 0 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges Adopted 483 for, 68 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness Adopted 318 for, 247 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure Adopted 471 for, 68 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Brutal repression against protesters in Iran Adopted 562 for, 9 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania Adopted 385 for, 165 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Air passenger rights Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) adopted 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina Consent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Enhanced cooperation on the establishment of a Loan for Ukraine Consent given 499 for, 135 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 12 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany96 % of 2 312 shared87 %
Ilaria SALIS The LeftItaly95 % of 4 289 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain94 % of 4 634 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal94 % of 4 047 shared87 %
Pernando BARRENA ARZA The LeftSpain94 % of 3 614 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany94 % of 4 550 shared87 %
Özlem DEMIREL The LeftGermany94 % of 4 327 shared87 %
Rudi KENNES The LeftBelgium94 % of 4 990 shared87 %
Isabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftSpain93 % of 2 984 shared87 %
Mimmo LUCANO The LeftItaly93 % of 2 219 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain87 % of 4 232 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain85 % of 4 542 shared77 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly84 % of 4 799 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly84 % of 4 252 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly83 % of 4 452 shared77 %
Ignazio Roberto MARINO GreensItaly83 % of 3 912 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain83 % of 4 083 shared77 %
Mélissa CAMARA GreensFrance83 % of 4 589 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance83 % of 4 869 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium83 % of 4 742 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of the Andean CommunityDAND DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union, including the EU-Morocco, EU-Tunisia and EU-Algeria Joint Parliamentary CommitteesDMAG DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember15 Oct 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Fighting against PovertyIG10-12 Intergroup / working groupMember24 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 13 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Spain – EGF/2026/002 ES/Galicia automotive ancillaryOpinion rapporteurEMPL8 Sept 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2026/001 BE/CoraOpinion rapporteurEMPL8 Sept 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Finland – EGF/2026/003 FI/Valmet AutomotiveOpinion rapporteurEMPL8 Sept 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Spain – EGF/2026/002 ES/Galicia automotive ancillaryShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL8 Sept 2026
Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteurEMPL7 Sept 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurEMPL7 Sept 2026
Establishing the Union support for asylum, migration and integration for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteurLIBE9 Feb 2026
Establishing Global EuropeOpinion rapporteurLIBE30 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteurEMPL9 Dec 2025
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of LawShadow rapporteurLIBE14 Nov 2025

Show all 25 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

73 contributions recorded; 15 on behalf of their group; 100 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid (JOIN(2026)0025) (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead
20 May 2026Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Recent proposals to fight poverty in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
30 Apr 2026Women’s entrepreneurship in rural and island areas and outermost regions (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 124

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders B-10-2026-0412Motion for a resolutionwith 11 co-authors—
10 Sept 2026EU exports of banned pesticides E-10-2026-003605Written questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026Chatbots directing women with unwanted pregnancies to anti-abortion websites E-10-2026-003539Written questionwith 67 co-authorsNot yet answered
1 Sept 2026Serious statements by Markus Lammert regarding the expulsion of unaccompanied children and persons in need of international protection in Ceuta E-10-2026-003413Written questionwith 15 co-authorsNot yet answered
1 Sept 2026Irregularities and possible unlawful favourable treatment of Real Madrid E-10-2026-003423Written questionwith 2 co-authorsNot yet answered
29 Jul 2026Territorial scope of the amended EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation concerning Morocco’s participation in PRIMA E-10-2026-003166Written questionwith 18 co-authorsNot yet answered
22 Jul 2026Cutro shipwreck, tragedies at sea and the right of vicitms’ families E-10-2026-003097Written questionwith 23 co-authors22 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Humanitarian situation of Sahrawi refugees, inadequate EU humanitarian assistance and the growing water crisis in the refugee camps E-10-2026-003027Written questionwith 22 co-authors27 Aug 2026
13 Jul 2026Drone attacks against civilians in Western Sahara E-10-2026-002880Written questionwith 9 co-authors14 Aug 2026
8 Jul 2026New report on the benefits for the Sahrawi people of the EU-Morocco Association Agreement E-10-2026-002835Written questionwith 13 co-authorsNot yet answered

Show all 124 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 38

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
24 Jun 2026Establishing the Union support for asylum, migration and integration for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790146 LIBE15
24 Jun 2026Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the Union support for asylum, migration and integration for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790147 LIBE1
24 Jun 2026Establishing the Union support for asylum, migration and integration for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790113 LIBE19
8 Jun 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2016/2341 and 2016/97 as regards the strengthening of the framework for occupational retirement provision EMPL-AM-788920 EMPL43
22 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1238 on a pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP) EMPL-AM-788963 EMPL42
12 May 2026Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034 EMPL-AM-788860 EMPL23
4 Mar 2026Motion for a resolution on the need to reduce work-related fatalities EMPL-AM-785245 EMPL39
1 Dec 2025Establishing a common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union, and repealing Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and the Council, Council Directive 2001/40/EC and Council Decision 2004/191/EC LIBE-AM-781175 LIBE42
1 Dec 2025Establishing a common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union, and repealing Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and the Council, Council Directive 2001/40/EC and Council Decision 2004/191/EC LIBE-AM-781174 LIBE34
1 Dec 2025Establishing a common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union, and repealing Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and the Council, Council Directive 2001/40/EC and Council Decision 2004/191/EC LIBE-AM-781173 LIBE48

Show all 38 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political groups this term

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Estrella GALÁN”. Member record. memberId 257012. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257012?page=5&rows=all&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257012. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257012?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257012,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Estrella GALÁN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257012?page=5&rows=all&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257012?page=5&rows=all&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257012. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257012. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}