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Member

Jessika VAN LEEUWEN

ECR · Netherlands

Group
ECR Changed group: EPP 16 Jul 2024 – 10 Mar 2026 → ECR since 11 Mar 2026
Country
Netherlands
Roll-call participation
98.1 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes Changed group in this period: not compared with a single group’s median.
With majority line
82.4 %ⓘ of 607 votes where the group had a line · compared per group under Record
More facts (5)
National party
BBB BoerBurgerBeweging
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
84 of 538 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI, INTA (substitute)
Member id
256983
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

98.1 %

608 of 620 final votes while in office

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

82.4 %

500 of 607 votes where their group had a line

Against clear line ⓘ

15.6 %

84 of 538 votes where their group had a clear line

21 opposite (for ↔ against), 60 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

15.8 %

96 of 608 votes cast

Compared with each group they sat in

The member’s record in each group they sat in during the period, over the roll calls held while they sat in it (dates: the first and last of them). Each figure with its denominator: participation of the roll calls held, majority line of the votes where the group had one, against clear line of the votes where it had a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting), abstention of the votes cast. Median: that group’s median over the same roll calls, with the member’s difference in percentage points. A figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.
GroupParticipationWith majority lineAgainst clear lineAbstention
EPP 17 Jul 2024 – 10 Mar 202697.6 % of 417 median 90.9 % (+6.7 pts)84.0 % of 407 median 95.4 % (−11.4 pts)14.8 % of 37211.3 % of 407
ECR 11 Mar 2026 – 17 Sept 202699.0 % of 203 median 93.6 % (+5.4 pts)79.0 % of 200 median 86.9 % (−7.9 pts)17.5 % of 16624.9 % of 201
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.
  • This member changed group in this period: each vote counts them in the group of that day, and they are compared with each group over the roll calls held while they sat in it — not with one group’s median.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
6 May 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2024/003 BE/Van Hool – Belgium Passed 598 for, 48 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2023 Adopted 473 for, 59 against, 114 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2023 Adopted 340 for, 162 against, 150 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Establishing an EU talent pool Negotiating mandate approved 327 for, 229 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seed Negotiating mandate approved 411 for, 191 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 531 for, 69 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Adopted 432 for, 127 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Adopted 535 for, 19 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement Passed 377 for, 279 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Agreements on Financial Mechanisms for the period May 2021 - April 2028 (EEA: EU-Iceland-Liechtenstein-Norway; Norwegian: EU-Norway); Additional Protocols to EEC-Norway Agreement and to EEC-Iceland Agreement Consent given 528 for, 121 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) Consent given 518 for, 104 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement: cooperation between Eurojust and the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters Consent given 619 for, 9 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III Adopted 441 for, 173 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) (Resolution) Adopted 605 for, 68 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 188 against, 105 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 399 for, 198 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Adopted 390 for, 116 against, 126 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Urgent procedure agreed 427 for, 221 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Passed 481 for, 170 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Passed 482 for, 110 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Passed 486 for, 171 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 571 for, 59 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Passed 452 for, 182 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Customs duties on imports of certain products originating in the USA Passed 593 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Democracy and human rights in Thailand, notably the lese-majesty law and the deportation of Uyghur refugees Adopted 482 for, 57 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Severe political, humanitarian and human rights crisis in Sudan, in particular the sexual violence and child rape Adopted 575 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Unlawful detention and sham trials of Armenian hostages, including high-ranking political representatives from Nagorno-Karabakh, by Azerbaijan Adopted 523 for, 3 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025EU-Norway Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff-rate quotas included in EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union Consent given 525 for, 5 against, 34 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025Agreement between Canada and the European Union on the transfer and processing of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data Consent given 521 for, 90 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 Adopted 469 for, 162 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025 Adopted 351 for, 260 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Mar 2025Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression Adopted 442 for, 98 against, 126 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025White paper on the future of European defence Adopted 419 for, 204 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Mar 2025The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria Adopted 462 for, 76 against, 106 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Establishing the Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova Passed 499 for, 117 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Verification of credentials Adopted 643 for, 10 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025European Social Fund Plus post-2027 Adopted 432 for, 155 against, 82 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
11 Mar 2025Assessment of the implementation of Horizon Europe in view of its interim evaluation and recommendations for the 10th Research Framework Programme Adopted 472 for, 75 against, 92 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Feb 2025Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia Adopted 400 for, 63 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Feb 2025Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Adopted 443 for, 4 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025VAT: rules for the digital age Passed 589 for, 42 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Administrative cooperation in the field of taxation Passed 608 for, 33 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize DP910521 Objection passed 477 for, 152 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize MON 95275 Objection passed 467 for, 156 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2025Renewal of the Agreement on cooperation in science and technology between the European Community and Ukraine Consent given 591 for, 9 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Protocol (2024-2029) implementing the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Cabo Verde Consent given 507 for, 76 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion of an agreement between the European Union and the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on certain aspects of air services Consent given 562 for, 17 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025European Central Bank – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 233 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Systematic repression of human rights in Iran, notably the cases of Pakhshan Azizi and Wrisha Moradi, and the taking of EU citizens as hostages Adopted 556 for, 6 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Case of Boualem Sansal in Algeria Adopted 533 for, 24 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 0 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within the same group (on the day of each vote)

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Sander SMIT changed group ECRNetherlands98 % of 5 262 shared87 %
Ivaylo VALCHEV ECRBulgaria82 % of 1 784 shared81 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia81 % of 1 648 shared81 %
Nora JUNCO GARCÍA changed group ECRSpain81 % of 1 821 shared81 %
Diego SOLIER changed group ECRSpain81 % of 1 816 shared81 %
Adrian-George AXINIA ECRRomania80 % of 1 816 shared81 %
Mario MANTOVANI ECRItaly79 % of 1 124 shared81 %
Ruggero RAZZA ECRItaly79 % of 1 386 shared81 %
Marco SQUARTA ECRItaly79 % of 1 213 shared81 %
Reinis POZŅAKS ECRLatvia78 % of 1 829 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Alexandr VONDRA ECRCzechia69 % of 3 839 shared50 %
Bert-Jan RUISSEN ECRNetherlands69 % of 3 978 shared50 %
Jaak MADISON ECREstonia69 % of 3 250 shared50 %
Aurelijus VERYGA ECRLithuania68 % of 3 633 shared50 %
Ondřej KRUTÍLEK ECRCzechia68 % of 3 976 shared50 %
Reinis POZŅAKS ECRLatvia67 % of 3 770 shared50 %
Alessandro CIRIANI ECRItaly67 % of 3 263 shared50 %
Pietro FIOCCHI ECRItaly67 % of 3 402 shared50 %
Roberts ZĪLE ECRLatvia67 % of 2 683 shared50 %
Veronika VRECIONOVÁ ECRCzechia67 % of 3 899 shared50 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember11 Mar 2026now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute25 Mar 2026now
Delegation for relations with MercosurDMER DelegationSubstitute15 Apr 2026now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember25 Mar 2026now
Intergroup on Sustainable LivestockIG10-15 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of AnimalsIG10-27 Intergroup / working groupMember8 Jan 2025now
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202410 Mar 2026
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202410 Mar 2026
Committee on Regional DevelopmentREGI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202410 Mar 2026
Delegation for relations with the countries of the Andean CommunityDAND DelegationVice-chair20 Feb 202510 Mar 2026

Show all 14 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
EuroLat meeting mexicoOfficial delegationDLAT21 May 2026
Amending Regulations (EC) No 1272/2008, (EC) No 1223/2009 and (EU) 2019/1009 as regards simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical productsShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI11 Jan 2026
Adjustment of customs duties on the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America and opening of tariff quotas for imports of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaOpinion rapporteurAGRI3 Nov 2025
No dossier namedDelegation vice-chairDAND9 Sept 2025
How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases?Shadow rapporteurAGRI17 Jun 2025
eurolat meeting lima PeruOfficial delegationDLAT22 May 2025
No dossier namedDelegation vice-chairDAND16 Jan 2025
INIShadow rapporteurAGRI16 Jan 2025

Show all 8 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

32 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 39 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 May 2026European solidarity: key to securing medicine access in a shifting geopolitical era (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
30 Apr 2026How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases? (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Dec 2025Breeders' protests following a lumpy-skin-disease outbreak in France: implications of the EU approach on sanitary and on animal health (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
15 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
27 Nov 2025Fur farming and the placing of farmed fur products on the market (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
7 Oct 2025EU political strategy on Latin America (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Oct 2025Common agricultural policy (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 32 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 28

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
24 Aug 2026Reports of verbal and physical harassment within the European Commission E-10-2026-003307Written questionwith 1 co-authorNot yet answered
1 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the Commission delegated regulation (EU) of 27 March 2026 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/688 as regards infection with bluetongue virus (serotypes 1-24) and infection with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and introducing a derogation for movements of registered equine animals B-10-2026-0342Motion for a resolutionwith 40 co-authors—
9 Jun 2026Chinese tomato concentrate imports: protecting EU producers and food security P-10-2026-002375Priority written questionwith 23 co-authors13 Jul 2026
11 May 2026Shipment of salmonella-contaminated chicken from Brazil E-10-2026-001939Written questionwith 2 co-authors22 Jul 2026
7 May 2026EU-Mercosur agreement: exposure of the European market to the JBS Group and the risks of geoeconomic dependence in agricultural supply chains E-10-2026-001890Written questionwith 21 co-authors30 Jun 2026
28 Apr 2026Rising agricultural production costs and supply chain disruptions following conflict escalations in the Middle East E-10-2026-001734Written questionwith 15 co-authors22 Jun 2026
24 Apr 2026Six years of unnoticed non-compliance with animal welfare requirements in Chinese slaughterhouses E-10-2026-001691Written question17 Jul 2026
24 Apr 2026Performance obligations with regard to the European Innovation Partnership E-10-2026-001685Written questionwith 1 co-author18 Jun 2026
22 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protecting places of worship in the EU from foreign political interference and state-linked influence operations B-10-2026-0187Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
25 Feb 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the establishment of a European blacklist of ultra-violent extremist organisations (UVEOs) B-10-2026-0151Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—

Show all 28 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 80

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
17 Jul 2026Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agriculture AGRI-AM-791100 AGRI25
17 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790898 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI5
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790958 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790957 AGRI6
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790956 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790955 AGRI7
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790954 AGRI3
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI10

Show all 80 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political groups this term

National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jessika VAN LEEUWEN”. Member record. memberId 256983. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256983?page=11&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256983. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256983?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256983,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jessika VAN LEEUWEN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256983?page=11&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256983?page=11&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256983. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256983. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}