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Member

Rihards KOLS

ECR · Latvia

Group
ECR
Country
Latvia
Roll-call participation
92.7 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
88.4 %ⓘ of 5 481 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 91.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
TB/LNNK Nacionālā apvienība "Visu Latvijai!" - "Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK"
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
411 of 4 770 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, INTA, ITRE (substitute)
Member id
220871
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

92.7 %

5 498 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

ECR median: 91.6 % (+1.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

88.4 %

4 846 of 5 481 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 91.1 % (−2.7 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

8.6 %

411 of 4 770 votes where their group had a clear line

204 opposite (for ↔ against), 175 abstained against the line, 32 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

10.1 %

555 of 5 498 votes cast

Participation 92.7 % — ECR median 91.6 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Rihards KOLS92.7 %
ECR median91.6 %
Lowest in the group47.1 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members79
With majority line 88.4 % — ECR median 91.1 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Rihards KOLS88.4 %
ECR median91.1 %
Lowest in the group66.8 %
Highest in the group93.7 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
11 Mar 2026Recommendation on enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty Adopted 482 for, 108 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2026Tackling barriers to the single market for defence Adopted 393 for, 169 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2026Flagship European defence projects of common interest Adopted 448 for, 122 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law Passed 498 for, 90 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Establishing an EU talent pool Passed 414 for, 182 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee Passed 441 for, 105 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024 Adopted 493 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housing Adopted 367 for, 166 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Public access to documents - report 2022 - 2024 Adopted 602 for, 9 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Copyright and generative artificial intelligence – opportunities and challenges Adopted 460 for, 71 against, 88 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Fisheries management approaches for safeguarding sensitive species, tackling invasive species and benefiting local economies Adopted 528 for, 21 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) Act Adopted 399 for, 78 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
24 Feb 2026Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine Adopted 437 for, 82 against, 70 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain Passed 555 for, 0 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Post-election situation in Uganda and threats against opposition leader Bobi Wine Adopted 514 for, 3 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran Adopted 524 for, 3 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Targeted expulsions of foreign journalists and foreign Christians in Türkiye under national security pretexts Adopted 502 for, 2 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy Adopted 385 for, 141 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights Adopted 332 for, 209 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women Adopted 340 for, 141 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire Adopted 363 for, 71 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
11 Feb 2026Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 Passed 458 for, 140 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility Passed 473 for, 140 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Amending the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 Consent given 490 for, 130 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/006 BE/Audi – Belgium Passed 593 for, 55 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6 Objection passed 461 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2) Objection passed 462 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton T304-40 Objection passed 428 for, 156 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 Objection passed 463 for, 164 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Agreement establishing an association between the EU and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino Interim report adopted 552 for, 24 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026EU strategic defence and security partnerships Adopted 440 for, 119 against, 85 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Passed 408 for, 184 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Passed 396 for, 226 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Amending regulations on agricultural products as regards market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine products Passed 625 for, 15 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Amending the Measuring Instruments Directive Passed 594 for, 25 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 483 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 413 for, 226 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026European Union designs (codification) Passed 613 for, 5 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026European Central Bank – annual report 2025 Adopted 443 for, 71 against, 117 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 165 for, 390 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Conviction and imminent sentencing of Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong Adopted 503 for, 9 against, 100 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Case of Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic Adopted 582 for, 0 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges Adopted 483 for, 68 against, 76 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness Adopted 318 for, 247 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure Adopted 471 for, 68 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Brutal repression against protesters in Iran Adopted 562 for, 9 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania Adopted 385 for, 165 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Air passenger rights Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) adopted 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina Consent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Enhanced cooperation on the establishment of a Loan for Ukraine Consent given 499 for, 135 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 27 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129128
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202420
14 Nov 2024360
25 Nov 202420
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202520
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254545
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253030
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228227
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202530
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251249
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220220
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202520
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254140
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258778
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253635
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 2025101100
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202520
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186186
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267264
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125118
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266765
21 Jan 2026112112
22 Jan 20265857
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 2026430
9 Mar 202610
10 Mar 2026197195
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202630
26 Mar 2026690
27 Apr 202620
28 Apr 2026225223
29 Apr 2026296292
30 Apr 2026680
18 May 202640
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202620
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127127
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144141
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 20261240

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Reinis POZŅAKS ECRLatvia97 % of 5 279 shared81 %
Roberts ZĪLE ECRLatvia96 % of 4 041 shared81 %
Ivaylo VALCHEV ECRBulgaria89 % of 5 381 shared81 %
Aurelijus VERYGA ECRLithuania86 % of 4 994 shared81 %
Nora JUNCO GARCÍA changed group ECRSpain86 % of 4 742 shared81 %
Diego SOLIER changed group ECRSpain86 % of 4 946 shared81 %
Mario MANTOVANI ECRItaly85 % of 3 851 shared81 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia85 % of 4 685 shared81 %
Alessandro CIRIANI ECRItaly85 % of 4 705 shared81 %
Marco SQUARTA ECRItaly85 % of 4 276 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Jaroslav KNOT PatriotsCzechia71 % of 2 832 shared68 %
Nikola BARTŮŠEK changed group ECRCzechia71 % of 4 580 shared63 %
Klara DOSTALOVA PatriotsCzechia70 % of 4 447 shared68 %
Ondřej KNOTEK PatriotsCzechia69 % of 5 112 shared68 %
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal69 % of 5 242 shared68 %
Branko GRIMS changed group No groupSlovenia69 % of 5 016 shared50 %
Luis-Vicențiu LAZARUS No groupRomania69 % of 4 641 shared48 %
Tomáš KUBÍN PatriotsCzechia69 % of 5 116 shared68 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia68 % of 3 142 shared68 %
Jaroslava POKORNÁ JERMANOVÁ PatriotsCzechia68 % of 4 757 shared68 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-CL Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Mexico Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-MX Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)IG10-22 Intergroup / working groupVice-chair12 Mar 2025now

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Agreement on Electronic CommerceShadow rapporteurINTA23 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET23 Sept 2026
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on EU-Norway political relationsShadow rapporteurAFET8 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA8 Sept 2026
92nd EU US TLD meeting in San Francisco, California scheduled between 24 – 27 August 2026 Official delegationD-US15 Jul 2026
Situation of international law and the risks to multilateralism, democracy and the European UnionShadow rapporteurAFET11 May 2026
Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU tradeShadow rapporteurINTA14 Apr 2026
Establishment of European Business WalletsShadow rapporteurITRE30 Mar 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measuresShadow rapporteur for an opinionINTA4 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET24 Feb 2026

Show all 28 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

70 contributions recorded, 14 written statements; 10 on behalf of their group; 73 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026The role of the EU in efforts for peace and stability throughout the Middle East after the announced deal between the US and Iran (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland (debate) StatementRead
19 May 2026Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU trade (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 2 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026EU strategy in response to the ongoing Middle East crisis, its implications on energy prices and the availability of fertilizers (debate) StatementRead
28 Apr 2026Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in Ukraine (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead
11 Mar 2026Human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine Speech · 1 minRead
11 Mar 2026Multilateral negotiations in view of the WTO’s 14th Ministerial Conference in Yaoundé, 26 to 29 March 2026 (debate) on behalf of ECRSpeech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 79

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0419Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
22 Jun 2026VP/HR remarks on Israel P-10-2026-002573Priority written questionwith 2 co-authors5 Aug 2026
18 Jun 2026Human trafficking and human rights violations through recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine E-10-2026-002532Written questionwith 27 co-authors6 Aug 2026
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich B-10-2026-0327Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors—
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0308Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
12 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba B-10-2026-0291Motion for a resolutionwith 12 co-authors—
2 Jun 2026Reports of the Palestinian Authority’s continuing ‘pay-for-slay’ scheme E-10-2026-002235Written questionwith 8 co-authors3 Sept 2026
13 May 2026Detailed criteria, data sources and methodology for Member State classification under the Migration Pact solidarity mechanism (2) E-10-2026-001990Written question31 Jul 2026

Show all 79 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 58

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 58 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Latvia National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Rihards KOLS”. Member record. memberId 220871. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/220871?page=5&seats=all&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/220871. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/220871?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-220871,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Rihards KOLS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/220871?page=5&seats=all&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/220871?page=5&seats=all&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 220871. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/220871. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}