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Member

Bernd LANGE

S&D · Germany

Group
S&D
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
90.2 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
98.1 %ⓘ of 5 348 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 96.3 %
More facts (5)
National party
SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
65 of 5 253 votesⓘ
Committees
INTA (chair)
Member id
1909
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

90.2 %

5 350 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

S&D median: 89.9 % (+0.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.1 %

5 246 of 5 348 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 96.3 % (+1.8 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.2 %

65 of 5 253 votes where their group had a clear line

49 opposite (for ↔ against), 10 abstained against the line, 6 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

1.6 %

87 of 5 350 votes cast

Participation 90.2 % — S&D median 89.9 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Bernd LANGE90.2 %
S&D median89.9 %
Lowest in the group30.4 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members138
With majority line 98.1 % — S&D median 96.3 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Bernd LANGE98.1 %
S&D median96.3 %
Lowest in the group81.9 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members138
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
6 May 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2024/003 BE/Van Hool – Belgium Passed 598 for, 48 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2023 Adopted 473 for, 59 against, 114 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2023 Adopted 340 for, 162 against, 150 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Establishing an EU talent pool Negotiating mandate approved 327 for, 229 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seed Negotiating mandate approved 411 for, 191 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 531 for, 69 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Adopted 432 for, 127 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Adopted 535 for, 19 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement Passed 377 for, 279 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Agreements on Financial Mechanisms for the period May 2021 - April 2028 (EEA: EU-Iceland-Liechtenstein-Norway; Norwegian: EU-Norway); Additional Protocols to EEC-Norway Agreement and to EEC-Iceland Agreement Consent given 528 for, 121 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) Consent given 518 for, 104 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement: cooperation between Eurojust and the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters Consent given 619 for, 9 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III Adopted 441 for, 173 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) (Resolution) Adopted 605 for, 68 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 188 against, 105 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 399 for, 198 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Adopted 390 for, 116 against, 126 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Urgent procedure agreed 427 for, 221 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
1 Apr 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Passed 481 for, 170 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Passed 482 for, 110 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Passed 486 for, 171 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 571 for, 59 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Passed 452 for, 182 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
1 Apr 2025Customs duties on imports of certain products originating in the USA Passed 593 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Democracy and human rights in Thailand, notably the lese-majesty law and the deportation of Uyghur refugees Adopted 482 for, 57 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Severe political, humanitarian and human rights crisis in Sudan, in particular the sexual violence and child rape Adopted 575 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Unlawful detention and sham trials of Armenian hostages, including high-ranking political representatives from Nagorno-Karabakh, by Azerbaijan Adopted 523 for, 3 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025EU-Norway Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff-rate quotas included in EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union Consent given 525 for, 5 against, 34 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025Agreement between Canada and the European Union on the transfer and processing of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data Consent given 521 for, 90 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 Adopted 469 for, 162 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025 Adopted 351 for, 260 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression Adopted 442 for, 98 against, 126 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025White paper on the future of European defence Adopted 419 for, 204 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria Adopted 462 for, 76 against, 106 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Establishing the Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova Passed 499 for, 117 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Verification of credentials Adopted 643 for, 10 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025European Social Fund Plus post-2027 Adopted 432 for, 155 against, 82 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Assessment of the implementation of Horizon Europe in view of its interim evaluation and recommendations for the 10th Research Framework Programme Adopted 472 for, 75 against, 92 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Feb 2025Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia Adopted 400 for, 63 against, 81 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
13 Feb 2025Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Adopted 443 for, 4 against, 48 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025VAT: rules for the digital age Passed 589 for, 42 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Administrative cooperation in the field of taxation Passed 608 for, 33 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize DP910521 Objection passed 477 for, 152 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize MON 95275 Objection passed 467 for, 156 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Renewal of the Agreement on cooperation in science and technology between the European Community and Ukraine Consent given 591 for, 9 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Protocol (2024-2029) implementing the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Cabo Verde Consent given 507 for, 76 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion of an agreement between the European Union and the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on certain aspects of air services Consent given 562 for, 17 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025European Central Bank – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 233 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Systematic repression of human rights in Iran, notably the cases of Pakhshan Azizi and Wrisha Moradi, and the taking of EU citizens as hostages Adopted 556 for, 6 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Case of Boualem Sansal in Algeria Adopted 533 for, 24 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 12 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242321
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249271
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129129
24 Oct 20241312
13 Nov 202420
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245749
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202521
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254544
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 2025300
10 Mar 202521
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228225
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202530
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251251
3 Apr 20256260
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 20252200
8 May 202510391
21 May 202520
22 May 2025530
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258762
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253433
11 Sept 20256968
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255554
9 Oct 20256562
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186186
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 202512598
15 Dec 202543
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266767
21 Jan 2026112111
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266059
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202630
26 Mar 20266969
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225222
29 Apr 2026296294
30 Apr 20266867
18 May 202640
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269896
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127125
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267271
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266766
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268079
17 Sept 20261240

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
René REPASI S&DGermany98 % of 5 096 shared93 %
Gabriele BISCHOFF S&DGermany98 % of 5 178 shared93 %
Katarina BARLEY S&DGermany98 % of 3 965 shared93 %
Tobias CREMER S&DGermany98 % of 4 893 shared93 %
Udo BULLMANN S&DGermany98 % of 4 539 shared93 %
Vivien COSTANZO S&DGermany98 % of 5 230 shared93 %
Jens GEIER S&DGermany98 % of 4 547 shared93 %
Matthias ECKE S&DGermany98 % of 4 848 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain98 % of 4 943 shared93 %
Birgit SIPPEL S&DGermany98 % of 4 252 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly91 % of 1 629 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia91 % of 4 994 shared86 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium90 % of 3 776 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands90 % of 5 280 shared86 %
Martin HOJSÍK RenewSlovakia90 % of 4 862 shared86 %
Brigitte VAN DEN BERG RenewNetherlands90 % of 4 554 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands90 % of 5 336 shared86 %
Lucia YAR RenewSlovakia90 % of 5 312 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia90 % of 4 549 shared86 %
Michal WIEZIK RenewSlovakia90 % of 4 906 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeChair23 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)DASE DelegationMember16 Jul 2024now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember19 Jul 202422 Jul 2024

Show all 4 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsINTA14 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsINTA17 Aug 2026
TLD in die USA 24. - 26.08.2026Official delegation17 Aug 2026
No dossier namedCommittee chairINTA28 Jul 2026
US delegation; add under parliamentary procedure or negotiations: 92nd EU-US inter-parliamentary meeting of the Transatlantic Legislators’ Dialogue, 25-26 August 2026, San Francisco, USA)\nOfficial delegation28 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA27 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA11 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 5 declarationsINTA19 Jan 2026
Approval of amendments to the International Cocoa AgreementRapporteurINTA15 Dec 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsINTA11 Dec 2025

Show all 30 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

29 contributions recorded; 2 on behalf of their group; 43 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America - Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Speech · 2 minRead
15 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America - Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Speech · 4 minRead
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences (A9-0147/2022 - Bernd Lange) (vote) Speech · 2 minRead
26 Mar 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods (A10-0070/2026 - Bernd Lange) (vote) SpeechRead
26 Mar 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America (A10-0069/2026 - Bernd Lange) (vote) Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America (A10-0069/2026 - Bernd Lange) (vote) Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026EU-US trade deal (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026EU-US trade deal (joint debate) Speech · 5 minRead
11 Mar 2026Multilateral negotiations in view of the WTO’s 14th Ministerial Conference in Yaoundé, 26 to 29 March 2026 (debate) on behalf of S&DSpeech · 1 minRead

Show all 29 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 4

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
28 Aug 2026Oversight of cross-border mail-order pharmacies and compliance with good distribution practice for medicinal products P-10-2026-003364Priority written questionNot yet answered
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
3 Mar 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on multilateral negotiations in view of the WTO’s 14th Ministerial Conference in Yaoundé, 26 to 29 March 2026 B-10-2026-0155Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—
5 Nov 2025Trade defence measures on bicycles, bicycle parts and electric bikes from China E-10-2025-004375Written questionwith 3 co-authors6 Jan 2026

Show all 4 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 5

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
29 Jan 2026Multilateral negotiations in view of the WTO’s 14th Ministerial Conference in Yaoundé, 26 to 29 March 2026 INTA-AM-784177 INTA9
5 Dec 2025Addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market INTA-AM-781298 INTA14
12 Sept 2025EU-US political relations INTA-AM-775733 INTA29
4 Jun 2025Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements INTA-AM-774321 INTA48
3 Apr 2025Public procurement INTA-AM-772121 INTA22

Show all 5 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1909?page=11&scope=all
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Bernd LANGE”. Member record. memberId 1909. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1909?page=11&scope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1909. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/1909?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-1909,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Bernd LANGE}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1909?page=11&scope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1909?page=11&scope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 1909. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1909. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}