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Member

Petr BYSTRON

ESN · Germany

Group
ESN
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
86.4 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
97.6 %ⓘ of 5 116 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 94.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
AfD Alternative für Deutschland
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
96 of 4 873 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, EMPL, IMCO
Member id
256928
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

86.4 %

5 123 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

ESN median: 91.3 % (−4.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.6 %

4 992 of 5 116 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 94.6 % (+3.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.0 %

96 of 4 873 votes where their group had a clear line

62 opposite (for ↔ against), 25 abstained against the line, 9 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

8.7 %

446 of 5 123 votes cast

Participation 86.4 % — ESN median 91.3 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Petr BYSTRON86.4 %
ESN median91.3 %
Lowest in the group68.6 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members27
With majority line 97.6 % — ESN median 94.6 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Petr BYSTRON97.6 %
ESN median94.6 %
Lowest in the group70.6 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members27
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
11 Mar 2026Recommendation on enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty Adopted 482 for, 108 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026Tackling barriers to the single market for defence Adopted 393 for, 169 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2026Flagship European defence projects of common interest Adopted 448 for, 122 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law Passed 498 for, 90 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Establishing an EU talent pool Passed 414 for, 182 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee Passed 441 for, 105 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026European Union regulatory fitness and subsidiarity and proportionality – report on Better Law-Making covering 2023 and 2024 Adopted 493 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housing Adopted 367 for, 166 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Public access to documents - report 2022 - 2024 Adopted 602 for, 9 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Mar 2026Copyright and generative artificial intelligence – opportunities and challenges Adopted 460 for, 71 against, 88 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Mar 2026Fisheries management approaches for safeguarding sensitive species, tackling invasive species and benefiting local economies Adopted 528 for, 21 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
10 Mar 2026The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) Act Adopted 399 for, 78 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
24 Feb 2026Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine Adopted 437 for, 82 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain Passed 555 for, 0 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
12 Feb 2026Post-election situation in Uganda and threats against opposition leader Bobi Wine Adopted 514 for, 3 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
12 Feb 2026Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran Adopted 524 for, 3 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
12 Feb 2026Targeted expulsions of foreign journalists and foreign Christians in Türkiye under national security pretexts Adopted 502 for, 2 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy Adopted 385 for, 141 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rights Adopted 332 for, 209 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women Adopted 340 for, 141 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2026Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire Adopted 363 for, 71 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 Passed 458 for, 140 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility Passed 473 for, 140 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Amending the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 Consent given 490 for, 130 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/006 BE/Audi – Belgium Passed 593 for, 55 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6 Objection passed 461 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2) Objection passed 462 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton T304-40 Objection passed 428 for, 156 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 Objection passed 463 for, 164 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2026Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Agreement establishing an association between the EU and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino Interim report adopted 552 for, 24 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
11 Feb 2026EU strategic defence and security partnerships Adopted 440 for, 119 against, 85 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level Passed 408 for, 184 against, 60 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept Passed 396 for, 226 against, 30 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Amending regulations on agricultural products as regards market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine products Passed 625 for, 15 against, 11 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Amending the Measuring Instruments Directive Passed 594 for, 25 against, 23 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products Passed 483 for, 102 against, 67 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Feb 2026Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 413 for, 226 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Feb 2026European Union designs (codification) Passed 613 for, 5 against, 29 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
10 Feb 2026European Central Bank – annual report 2025 Adopted 443 for, 71 against, 117 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 165 for, 390 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Conviction and imminent sentencing of Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong Adopted 503 for, 9 against, 100 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026Case of Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic Adopted 582 for, 0 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges Adopted 483 for, 68 against, 76 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness Adopted 318 for, 247 against, 67 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Jan 2026European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure Adopted 471 for, 68 against, 71 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Jan 2026Brutal repression against protesters in Iran Adopted 562 for, 9 against, 57 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2026Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania Adopted 385 for, 165 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Air passenger rights Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) adopted 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina Consent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Enhanced cooperation on the establishment of a Loan for Ukraine Consent given 499 for, 135 against, 24 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 25 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 2024239
18 Jul 202410
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249289
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 2024100
23 Oct 20241290
24 Oct 20241312
13 Nov 202420
14 Nov 2024360
25 Nov 202421
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245756
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 2024330
19 Dec 20244544
20 Jan 202520
21 Jan 202510
22 Jan 202520
23 Jan 2025450
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253231
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253029
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228219
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253531
2 Apr 2025251249
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220217
8 May 202510399
21 May 202520
22 May 2025530
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259181
19 Jun 20258782
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255553
9 Jul 2025134129
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 202510198
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202521
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255552
9 Oct 20256563
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186184
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257574
26 Nov 202510096
27 Nov 2025125105
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254342
18 Dec 20254226
20 Jan 2026670
21 Jan 20261120
22 Jan 2026580
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 2026380
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141139
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197192
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266967
27 Apr 202620
28 Apr 2026225209
29 Apr 2026296288
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269692
21 May 20269897
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264038
17 Jun 2026127119
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267263
8 Jul 2026144136
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155153
16 Sept 20268078
17 Sept 2026124121

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine ANDERSON ESNGermany98 % of 4 828 shared80 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany97 % of 4 544 shared80 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany97 % of 3 849 shared80 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany97 % of 4 429 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany97 % of 4 969 shared80 %
Arno BAUSEMER ESNGermany97 % of 4 488 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany96 % of 4 677 shared80 %
Alexander SELL ESNGermany96 % of 4 655 shared80 %
Mary KHAN ESNGermany96 % of 4 669 shared80 %
Siegbert Frank DROESE ESNGermany95 % of 4 803 shared80 %

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany97 % of 227 shared49 %
Milan MAZUREK changed group ESNSlovakia76 % of 271 shared49 %
Georg MAYER PatriotsAustria76 % of 4 241 shared70 %
Petra STEGER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 013 shared70 %
Gerald HAUSER PatriotsAustria76 % of 4 991 shared70 %
Roman HAIDER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 099 shared70 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland76 % of 1 301 shared70 %
Elisabeth DIERINGER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 078 shared70 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance75 % of 4 496 shared64 %
Harald VILIMSKY PatriotsAustria75 % of 4 910 shared70 %

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-TR Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now

Show all 6 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET19 Jan 2026

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

48 contributions recorded; 10 on behalf of their group; 55 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) SpeechRead
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (A10-0172/2026 - Michael Gahler) (vote) SpeechRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) SpeechRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) SpeechRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) SpeechRead
7 Jul 2026Presentation of the programme of activities of the Irish Presidency (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
17 Jun 2026Protecting EU citizens’ data from hybrid threats: the Lithuanian case (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 103

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Sayli Navarro B-10-2026-0402Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—
9 Sept 2026The 28th regime/EU Inc.: can the Commission guarantee the soundness of its legal basis? P-10-2026-003589Priority written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
17 Aug 2026EU funding and potential financing of terrorism through Islamic Relief Deutschland e.V. and Islamic Relief Worldwide P-10-2026-003288Priority written questionNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
17 Jul 2026Adapting EU energy performance policies in the light of extreme heat episodes O-10-2026-000032Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0347Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0360Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0352Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Erasmus Mundus: academic excellence programme or migration pathway? E-10-2026-002701Written questionwith 20 co-authors19 Aug 2026

Show all 103 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 16

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
26 Mar 2026The EU Youth Strategy 2019-2027 EMPL-AM-786783 EMPL6
26 Jan 2026the proposal for a Council regulation laying down the Multiannual Financial Framework for 2028-2034 EMPL-AM-782214 EMPL3
14 Nov 2025Tackling barriers to the single market for defence IMCO-AM-779541 IMCO8
14 Nov 2025Registration documents for vehicles and vehicle registration data recorded in national vehicle registers IMCO-AM-779645 IMCO13
25 Sept 2025Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies EMPL-AM-778022 EMPL16
4 Sept 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 IMCO-AM-776905 IMCO10
8 May 2025A new legislative framework for products that is fit for the digital and sustainable transition IMCO-AM-773238 IMCO2
29 Apr 20252023 and 2024 Commission reports on Georgia AFET-AM-773108 AFET18
25 Apr 2025Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part AFET-AM-773109 AFET3
24 Apr 2025Establishing harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of interest representation carried out on behalf of third countries and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 IMCO-AM-773099 IMCO10

Show all 16 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&page=5
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Petr BYSTRON”. Member record. memberId 256928. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&page=5 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256928. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256928?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-256928,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Petr BYSTRON}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&page=5}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&page=5},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256928. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256928. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}