Skip to content

Member

Alexander SELL

ESN · Germany

Group
ESN
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
91.8 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
98.6 %ⓘ of 5 431 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 94.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
AfD Alternative für Deutschland
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
46 of 5 147 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, LIBE (substitute)
Member id
256959
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

91.8 %

5 439 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

ESN median: 91.3 % (+0.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.6 %

5 353 of 5 431 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 94.6 % (+4.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.9 %

46 of 5 147 votes where their group had a clear line

11 opposite (for ↔ against), 30 abstained against the line, 5 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

9.0 %

489 of 5 439 votes cast

Participation 91.8 % — ESN median 91.3 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Alexander SELL91.8 %
ESN median91.3 %
Lowest in the group68.6 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members27
With majority line 98.6 % — ESN median 94.6 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Alexander SELL98.6 %
ESN median94.6 %
Lowest in the group70.6 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members27
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
23 Jan 2025Russia’s disinformation and historical falsification to justify its war of aggression against Ukraine Adopted 480 for, 58 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Jan 2025Situation in Venezuela following the usurpation of the presidency on 10 January 2025 Adopted 374 for, 53 against, 163 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Jan 2025Need for actions to address the continued oppression and fake elections in Belarus Adopted 567 for, 25 against, 66 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
21 Jan 2025EU/Republic of Serbia agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in the Republic of Serbia Consent given 505 for, 90 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
19 Dec 2024Amending Directive 2009/38/EC as regards the establishment and functioning of European Works Councils and the effective enforcement of transnational information and consultation rights Negotiating mandate approved 300 for, 254 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Dec 2024Human rights situation in Kyrgyzstan, in particular the case of Temirlan Sultanbekov Adopted 492 for, 28 against, 41 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
19 Dec 202411th year of the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol by the Russian Federation and the deteriorating human rights situation in occupied Crimea, notably the cases of Iryna Danylovych, Tofik Abdulhaziiev and Amet Suleymanov Adopted 446 for, 25 against, 51 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Tie
19 Dec 2024Continued repression of civil society and independent media in Azerbaijan and the cases of Dr Gubad Ibadoghlu, Anar Mammadli, Kamran Mammadli, Rufat Safarov and Meydan TV Adopted 434 for, 30 against, 89 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
19 Dec 2024Recommendation to the Council on the EU priorities for the 69th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women Adopted 322 for, 163 against, 46 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2024EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Tonga Consent given 545 for, 81 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2024EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Niue Consent given 543 for, 77 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2024Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the United Nations Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration Consent given 591 for, 7 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2024EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Tuvalu Consent given 533 for, 74 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2024Amendment of Annex VI – Powers and responsibilities of the standing committees Adopted 448 for, 161 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2024Setting up a Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield, and defining its responsibilities, numerical strength and term of office Adopted 441 for, 178 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2024Setting up a Special Committee on the Housing Crisis in the European Union, and defining its responsibilities, numerical strength and term of office Adopted 480 for, 148 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Passed 546 for, 97 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2024Specific measures under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) for Member States affected by natural disasters Passed 644 for, 6 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2024Regional Emergency Support: RESTORE Passed 638 for, 10 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2024Forest reproductive material of the ‘tested’ category Passed 499 for, 131 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/002 BE/Limburg machinery and paper – Belgium Passed 599 for, 50 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2024Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2023 Adopted 598 for, 17 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Nov 2024Hong Kong, notably the cases of Jimmy Lai and the 45 activists recently convicted under the national security law Adopted 473 for, 23 against, 98 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Nov 2024The increasing and systematic repression of women in Iran Adopted 562 for, 2 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Nov 2024The shrinking space for civil society in Cambodia, in particular the case of the labour rights organisation CENTRAL Adopted 492 for, 5 against, 102 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
28 Nov 2024Georgia's worsening democratic crisis following the recent parliamentary elections and alleged electoral fraud Adopted 444 for, 72 against, 82 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Nov 2024Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and Russia Adopted 390 for, 135 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Nov 2024Recommendation on smoke- and aerosol-free environments Rejected 152 for, 378 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2024Amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 as regards Vanuatu Passed 627 for, 6 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
27 Nov 2024Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund to provide assistance to Germany and Italy relating to floods occurred in 2024 Passed 660 for, 11 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2024Draft amending budget No 5/2024: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updates Passed 525 for, 75 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2024Measures to reduce incidental catches of common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and other small cetaceans in the Bay of Biscay Objection failed 123 for, 511 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 20242025 budgetary procedure: Joint text Adopted 418 for, 185 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
27 Nov 2024Presentation by the President-elect of the Commission of the College of Commissioners and its programme Rejected 154 for, 507 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
27 Nov 2024Election of the Commission Commission elected 370 for, 282 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × NK603 Objection passed 474 for, 171 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified cotton COT102 Objection passed 496 for, 143 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and eight of its sub-combinations Objection passed 476 for, 169 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize MON 810 Objection passed 464 for, 163 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize DP915635 Objection passed 478 for, 166 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize DP23211 Objection passed 474 for, 166 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize DP202216 Objection passed 478 for, 165 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2024Genetically modified maize MON 94804 Objection passed 468 for, 166 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Passed 371 for, 240 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Electronic value added tax exemption certificate Passed 621 for, 10 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Faster and Safer Relief of Excess Withholding Taxes Passed 555 for, 48 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
14 Nov 2024Amendment of the EIB’s Statute Passed 510 for, 105 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Adopted 429 for, 183 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Adopted 453 for, 31 against, 89 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Adopted 432 for, 60 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 12 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242321
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202410
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129128
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241110
28 Nov 20245756
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 2024450
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254544
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253029
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228224
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251250
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220220
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202522
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258787
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253629
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253433
11 Sept 20256968
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 2025130
22 Oct 20251860
23 Oct 2025550
13 Nov 2025267262
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 202510099
27 Nov 2025125125
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 2025660
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254241
20 Jan 20266767
21 Jan 2026112110
22 Jan 20265857
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263433
25 Mar 202632
26 Mar 20266968
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225223
29 Apr 2026296295
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202620
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127125
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 2026670
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155154
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124124

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine ANDERSON ESNGermany98 % of 5 150 shared80 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany98 % of 3 983 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany98 % of 5 226 shared80 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany98 % of 4 807 shared80 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany98 % of 4 675 shared80 %
Arno BAUSEMER ESNGermany98 % of 4 635 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany97 % of 4 977 shared80 %
Mary KHAN ESNGermany97 % of 4 942 shared80 %
Petr BYSTRON ESNGermany96 % of 4 655 shared80 %
Markus BUCHHEIT ESNGermany96 % of 4 928 shared80 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany97 % of 230 shared49 %
Georg MAYER PatriotsAustria77 % of 4 544 shared70 %
Gerald HAUSER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 122 shared70 %
Petra STEGER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 277 shared70 %
Roman HAIDER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 412 shared70 %
Elisabeth DIERINGER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 393 shared70 %
Mieke ANDRIESE PatriotsNetherlands76 % of 2 586 shared70 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland76 % of 1 284 shared70 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance76 % of 4 670 shared64 %
Milan MAZUREK changed group ESNSlovakia76 % of 450 shared49 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-CL Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with JapanD-JP DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on EU engagement in the Horn of Africa – challenges and strategic prioritiesShadow rapporteurAFET17 Sept 2026
2025 Commission report on MoldovaShadow rapporteurAFET2 Jul 2026
Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement between the EU and MexicoOfficial delegationDLAT11 May 2026
Recommendation for the Council, for the Commission and for the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the changing geopolitical situation in East Asia and the need for closer cooperation with like-minded partners in the regionShadow rapporteurAFET15 Apr 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET9 Apr 2026
Amending Decision (EU) 2021/1764 on the Association of the Overseas Countries and Territories with the European Union including relations between the European Union on the one hand, and Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark on the otherShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET4 Mar 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET6 Feb 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET6 Feb 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteurAFET16 Dec 2025
Global Gateway -– past impacts and future orientationShadow rapporteurAFET10 Nov 2025

Show all 16 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

66 contributions recorded, 1 written statement; 32 on behalf of their group; 80 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Serbia (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
6 Jul 2026Recent violent and fatal attacks in Italy and Denmark and their implications for public security in Europe (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
16 Jun 2026The role of the EU in efforts for peace and stability throughout the Middle East after the announced deal between the US and Iran (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Europe's response to reduced US military deployments in Europe, particularly at its Eastern flank in the light of the latest US decisions (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026EU strategy in response to the ongoing Middle East crisis, its implications on energy prices and the availability of fertilizers (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) SpeechRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 43

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
12 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba B-10-2026-0288Motion for a resolution—
10 Apr 2026EU budget and equality policy – promoting LGBTQ projects over family policy E-10-2026-001469Written questionwith 22 co-authors30 Jun 2026
8 Apr 2026Union Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Framework Regulation E-10-2026-001410Written questionwith 25 co-authors18 Jun 2026
30 Mar 2026Unlawful EU interference and the violation of Uruguay’s sovereignty P-10-2026-001313Priority written questionwith 4 co-authors29 Apr 2026
5 Mar 2026Anti-fascist movements and political violence – the real threat to democracy E-10-2026-000925Written questionwith 62 co-authors29 Apr 2026
9 Feb 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire B-10-2026-0140Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—
28 Jan 2026Use of funds from European Union support programmes E-10-2026-000340Written question17 Mar 2026
22 Jan 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the power outage in Berlin and on the protection of critical national infrastructure B-10-2026-0097Motion for a resolutionwith 10 co-authors—
25 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine B-10-2025-0550Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—

Show all 43 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 63

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 63 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Alexander SELL”. Member record. memberId 256959. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256959?page=12&seats=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256959. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256959?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256959,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Alexander SELL}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256959?page=12&seats=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256959?page=12&seats=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256959. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256959. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}