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Member

David CASA

EPP · Malta

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Malta
Roll-call participation
96.5 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
92.7 %ⓘ of 5 723 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 93.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PN Partit Nazzjonalista
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
290 of 5 442 votesⓘ
Committees
ECON (substitute), EMPL, LIBE (substitute)
Member id
28122
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

96.5 %

5 723 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

EPP median: 89.9 % (+6.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

92.7 %

5 308 of 5 723 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 93.6 % (−0.9 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

5.3 %

290 of 5 442 votes where their group had a clear line

187 opposite (for ↔ against), 101 abstained against the line, 2 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

2.5 %

142 of 5 723 votes cast

Participation 96.5 % — EPP median 89.9 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
David CASA96.5 %
EPP median89.9 %
Lowest in the group17.0 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members196
With majority line 92.7 % — EPP median 93.6 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
David CASA92.7 %
EPP median93.6 %
Lowest in the group70.2 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members196
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
6 May 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2024/003 BE/Van Hool – Belgium Passed 598 for, 48 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2023 Adopted 473 for, 59 against, 114 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2023 Adopted 340 for, 162 against, 150 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Establishing an EU talent pool Negotiating mandate approved 327 for, 229 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seed Negotiating mandate approved 411 for, 191 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 531 for, 69 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Adopted 432 for, 127 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Adopted 535 for, 19 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement Passed 377 for, 279 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Agreements on Financial Mechanisms for the period May 2021 - April 2028 (EEA: EU-Iceland-Liechtenstein-Norway; Norwegian: EU-Norway); Additional Protocols to EEC-Norway Agreement and to EEC-Iceland Agreement Consent given 528 for, 121 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) Consent given 518 for, 104 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement: cooperation between Eurojust and the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters Consent given 619 for, 9 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III Adopted 441 for, 173 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) (Resolution) Adopted 605 for, 68 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 188 against, 105 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 399 for, 198 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Adopted 390 for, 116 against, 126 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
1 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Urgent procedure agreed 427 for, 221 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Passed 481 for, 170 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Passed 482 for, 110 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Passed 486 for, 171 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 571 for, 59 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Passed 452 for, 182 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Customs duties on imports of certain products originating in the USA Passed 593 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Democracy and human rights in Thailand, notably the lese-majesty law and the deportation of Uyghur refugees Adopted 482 for, 57 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Severe political, humanitarian and human rights crisis in Sudan, in particular the sexual violence and child rape Adopted 575 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Unlawful detention and sham trials of Armenian hostages, including high-ranking political representatives from Nagorno-Karabakh, by Azerbaijan Adopted 523 for, 3 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025EU-Norway Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff-rate quotas included in EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union Consent given 525 for, 5 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025Agreement between Canada and the European Union on the transfer and processing of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data Consent given 521 for, 90 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 Adopted 469 for, 162 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025 Adopted 351 for, 260 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression Adopted 442 for, 98 against, 126 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Mar 2025White paper on the future of European defence Adopted 419 for, 204 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Mar 2025The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria Adopted 462 for, 76 against, 106 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Establishing the Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova Passed 499 for, 117 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Verification of credentials Adopted 643 for, 10 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025European Social Fund Plus post-2027 Adopted 432 for, 155 against, 82 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025Assessment of the implementation of Horizon Europe in view of its interim evaluation and recommendations for the 10th Research Framework Programme Adopted 472 for, 75 against, 92 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Feb 2025Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia Adopted 400 for, 63 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Feb 2025Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Adopted 443 for, 4 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Feb 2025VAT: rules for the digital age Passed 589 for, 42 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Administrative cooperation in the field of taxation Passed 608 for, 33 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize DP910521 Objection passed 477 for, 152 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize MON 95275 Objection passed 467 for, 156 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Feb 2025Renewal of the Agreement on cooperation in science and technology between the European Community and Ukraine Consent given 591 for, 9 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Protocol (2024-2029) implementing the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Cabo Verde Consent given 507 for, 76 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion of an agreement between the European Union and the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on certain aspects of air services Consent given 562 for, 17 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025European Central Bank – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 233 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Systematic repression of human rights in Iran, notably the cases of Pakhshan Azizi and Wrisha Moradi, and the taking of EU citizens as hostages Adopted 556 for, 6 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Case of Boualem Sansal in Algeria Adopted 533 for, 24 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 15 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249290
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202420
22 Oct 2024100
23 Oct 2024129128
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202421
14 Nov 20243634
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254542
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253029
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228228
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202530
1 Apr 20253534
2 Apr 2025251249
3 Apr 20256261
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220219
8 May 2025103102
21 May 202522
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254140
18 Jun 20259190
19 Jun 20258786
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186185
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267267
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125123
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 2025660
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266766
21 Jan 2026112112
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197197
11 Mar 20266059
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202630
26 Mar 20266969
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225225
29 Apr 2026296294
30 Apr 2026680
18 May 202640
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202620
16 Jun 20264039
17 Jun 2026127127
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144143
9 Jul 20266766
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155153
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124124

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Peter AGIUS EPPMalta97 % of 4 626 shared89 %
Marie-Sophie CHRIST EPPGermany94 % of 1 528 shared89 %
Rasa JUKNEVIČIENĖ EPPLithuania94 % of 4 659 shared89 %
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany94 % of 4 469 shared89 %
Peter LIESE EPPGermany93 % of 5 293 shared89 %
Willemien KONING EPPNetherlands93 % of 1 832 shared89 %
Siegfried MUREŞAN EPPRomania93 % of 5 470 shared89 %
Liudas MAŽYLIS EPPLithuania92 % of 5 303 shared89 %
Sven SIMON EPPGermany92 % of 4 661 shared89 %
Mircea-Gheorghe HAVA EPPRomania92 % of 4 551 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia84 % of 5 133 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium84 % of 5 542 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania84 % of 5 012 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany83 % of 3 818 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania83 % of 4 209 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands83 % of 4 351 shared82 %
Olivier CHASTEL RenewBelgium83 % of 5 226 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland83 % of 4 651 shared82 %
Elsi KATAINEN RenewFinland83 % of 5 604 shared82 %
Benoit CASSART RenewBelgium83 % of 5 242 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Special Committee on the Housing Crisis in the European UnionHOUS Special committeeMember23 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the EU-UK Parliamentary Partnership AssemblyD-UK Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Arab PeninsulaDARP DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

16 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 23 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
20 May 2026Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sector (debate) SpeechRead
20 May 2026Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sector (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
25 Mar 2026Combating corruption (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
10 Feb 2026Extreme weather events in particular in Portugal, southern Italy, Malta and Greece: European response in strengthening readiness, preparedness and solidarity mechanisms (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Feb 2026Extreme weather events in particular in Portugal, southern Italy, Malta and Greece: European response in strengthening readiness, preparedness and solidarity mechanisms (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
26 Nov 2025EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 Oct 2025Criminal intimidation against investigative journalists in the EU: the attempted attack on Sigfrido Ranucci (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
7 Oct 2025The EU’s role in supporting the recent peace efforts for Gaza and a two-state solution (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 Jun 2025Safeguarding the rule of law in Spain, ensuring an independent and autonomous prosecutor's office to fight crime and corruption (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 16 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 4

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Show all 4 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 21

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
27 Jul 2026on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2011/61/EU and 2014/65/EU as regards the further development of capital market integration and supervision within the Union ECON-AM-791083 ECON7
27 Jul 2026on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2011/61/EU and 2014/65/EU as regards the further development of capital market integration and supervision within the Union ECON-AM-791126 ECON1
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790099 CJ711
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790105 CJ711
12 May 2026Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034 EMPL-AM-788860 EMPL3
23 Apr 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 30 October 2020 on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth Guarantee EMPL-AM-787791 EMPL3
23 Apr 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 30 October 2020 on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth Guarantee EMPL-AM-787792 EMPL2
24 Mar 2026Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 EMPL-AM-786727 EMPL4
24 Mar 2026Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 EMPL-AM-786760 EMPL16
12 Nov 2025Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 LIBE-AM-779631 LIBE2

Show all 21 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Malta National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “David CASA”. Member record. memberId 28122. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28122?page=11&period=term&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28122. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/28122?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-28122,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{David CASA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28122?page=11&period=term&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28122?page=11&period=term&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 28122. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28122. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}