Member · Former member

Daniel CASPARY

EPP · Germany · left on 28 February 2026

Group: EPP PPE
Country: Germany
Roll-call participation: 88.0 %ⓘ of 408 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line: 96.9 %ⓘ of 359 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %

More facts (4)

National party: CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
In office: 16 Jul 2024 – 28 Feb 2026 (left on 28 February 2026)
Against clear line: 7 of 330 votesⓘ
Member id: 28219

National party: CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
In office: 16 Jul 2024 – 28 Feb 2026 (left on 28 February 2026)
Against clear line: 7 of 330 votesⓘ
Member id: 28219

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EP profile

Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term 2024 (from July)2025 2026

Custom dates

Votes Final votes620 All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

88.0 %

359 of 408 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−2.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

96.9 %

348 of 359 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+1.4 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.1 %

7 of 330 votes where their group had a clear line

6 opposite (for ↔ against), 1 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

0.3 %

1 of 359 votes cast

Participation 88.0 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
Figure	Participation
Daniel CASPARY	88.0 %
EPP median	90.6 %
Lowest in the group	18.4 %
Highest in the group	99.8 %
Members	192

With majority line 96.9 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
Figure	With majority line
Daniel CASPARY	96.9 %
EPP median	95.6 %
Lowest in the group	67.8 %
Highest in the group	99.0 %
Members	192

Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
“No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 408

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votes All roll calls

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
Date	Decision	Result	Position	Majority line
9 Oct 2025	Humanitarian and security situation in Haiti, in particular the rising power of criminal gangs and the recent massacre in Cabaret	Adopted 550 for, 3 against, 54 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025	Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024	Adopted 535 for, 24 against, 55 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025	The role of simple tax rules and tax fragmentation in European competitiveness	Adopted 499 for, 66 against, 53 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025	Situation in Afghanistan: supporting women and communities affected by the recent earthquakes	Adopted 504 for, 74 against, 30 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025	United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure	Adopted 469 for, 97 against, 38 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025	Second World Summit for Social Development	Adopted 360 for, 210 against, 37 abstained	Position: Against ≠ group	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Amending certain CAP regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties	Passed 492 for, 111 against, 39 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain	Passed 532 for, 78 against, 25 abstained	Position: Against ≠ group	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States	Passed 412 for, 129 against, 98 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	EC-Côte d’Ivoire Fisheries Partnership Agreement – Protocol on the implementation of the Agreement for 2025-2029	Consent given 520 for, 97 against, 12 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Withdrawal of the European Union from the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG)	Consent given 594 for, 38 against, 2 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Draft amending budget No 2/2025: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure	Passed 479 for, 82 against, 77 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/002 DE/Goodyear 2 – Germany	Passed 577 for, 47 against, 15 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/001 BE/BelGaN – Belgium	Passed 578 for, 47 against, 16 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025	Genetically modified maize DP51291	Objection passed 433 for, 166 against, 9 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
8 Oct 2025	EU political strategy on Latin America	Adopted 354 for, 195 against, 77 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025	Revision of the Visa Suspension Mechanism	Passed 518 for, 96 against, 24 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025	Inland waterway transport: River Information Systems (RIS)	Passed 636 for, 10 against, 4 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025	Extension of the derogation for heavy-duty vehicles with zero emissions	Passed 458 for, 182 against, 11 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025	Role of EU policies in shaping the European Sport Model	Adopted 552 for, 52 against, 35 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Package travel and linked travel arrangements: make the protection of travellers more effective and simplify and clarify certain aspects	Passed 535 for, 36 against, 47 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of Cyprus	Adopted 597 for, 0 against, 5 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Case of Victoire Ingabire in Rwanda	Adopted 549 for, 2 against, 41 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	A new vision for the European Universities alliances	Adopted 461 for, 100 against, 48 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single market	Adopted 459 for, 65 against, 90 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Stock-taking of the European elections 2024	Adopted 388 for, 186 against, 34 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solution	Adopted 305 for, 151 against, 122 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025	Situation in Colombia after the wave of recent terrorist attacks	Adopted 355 for, 173 against, 15 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	European Social Fund (ESF+): specific measures to address strategic challenges	Passed 453 for, 149 against, 59 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review	Passed 440 for, 168 against, 52 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: simplification and strengthening	Passed 617 for, 18 against, 19 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Insolvency proceedings: replacing Annexes A and B	Passed 662 for, 3 against, 2 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Securities settlement in the EU and central securities depositories (CSDs): shorter settlement cycle in the Union	Passed 612 for, 7 against, 45 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Extension of the timeframe for the establishment of the Eurojust case management system	Passed 634 for, 4 against, 29 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Vanuatu	Consent given 528 for, 89 against, 48 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	EC-India Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: renewal of the Agreement	Consent given 624 for, 9 against, 32 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	EU-Switzerland Cooperation Agreement: European Satellite Navigation Programmes	Consent given 627 for, 4 against, 33 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Role of cohesion policy in supporting the just transition	Adopted 519 for, 99 against, 48 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Investments and reforms for European competitiveness and the creation of a Capital Markets Union	Adopted 407 for, 161 against, 97 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Role of cohesion policy investment in resolving the current housing crisis	Adopted 462 for, 142 against, 63 abstained	Position: Against ≠ group	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy	Adopted 393 for, 145 against, 123 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Possibilities for simplification of cohesion funds	Adopted 513 for, 111 against, 40 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025	Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference	Adopted 490 for, 65 against, 86 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025	Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles	Passed 431 for, 145 against, 76 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025	EU-Brazil Agreement: cooperation with and through Europol and the Federal Police of Brazil	Consent given 606 for, 5 against, 19 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025	EU-Kyrgyz Republic Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement	Consent given 473 for, 114 against, 58 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025	EU-Kyrgyz Republic Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (Resolution)	Adopted 434 for, 49 against, 168 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025	Public procurement	Adopted 432 for, 95 against, 124 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025	2023 and 2024 reports on Ukraine	Adopted 418 for, 135 against, 41 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
10 Jul 2025	Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 as regards obligations of economic operators concerning battery due diligence policies	Passed 542 for, 97 against, 12 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 61 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
Sitting	Roll calls	Voted in
17 Jul 2024	1	1
18 Sept 2024	2	2
19 Sept 2024	6	6
8 Oct 2024	1	1
9 Oct 2024	2	2
10 Oct 2024	1	1
22 Oct 2024	5	4
23 Oct 2024	2	2
24 Oct 2024	2	2
14 Nov 2024	5	5
26 Nov 2024	8	8
27 Nov 2024	7	7
28 Nov 2024	6	6
17 Dec 2024	6	0
18 Dec 2024	7	6
19 Dec 2024	5	5
21 Jan 2025	1	1
22 Jan 2025	1	1
23 Jan 2025	4	4
11 Feb 2025	4	4
12 Feb 2025	4	4
13 Feb 2025	2	2
11 Mar 2025	4	3
12 Mar 2025	7	5
13 Mar 2025	3	3
1 Apr 2025	7	7
2 Apr 2025	9	9
3 Apr 2025	5	5
6 May 2025	4	4
7 May 2025	20	20
8 May 2025	12	12
22 May 2025	6	6
17 Jun 2025	8	8
18 Jun 2025	7	6
19 Jun 2025	6	5
8 Jul 2025	8	8
9 Jul 2025	14	14
10 Jul 2025	7	1
9 Sept 2025	6	6
10 Sept 2025	15	15
11 Sept 2025	8	8
7 Oct 2025	4	4
8 Oct 2025	10	10
9 Oct 2025	10	9
21 Oct 2025	8	8
22 Oct 2025	6	6
23 Oct 2025	5	5
13 Nov 2025	16	0
25 Nov 2025	13	13
26 Nov 2025	10	10
27 Nov 2025	11	10
16 Dec 2025	11	11
17 Dec 2025	11	11
18 Dec 2025	6	6
20 Jan 2026	6	6
21 Jan 2026	8	6
22 Jan 2026	8	8
10 Feb 2026	8	8
11 Feb 2026	10	0
12 Feb 2026	8	8
24 Feb 2026	1	1

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Manfred WEBER	Manfred WEBER	EPP	Germany	99 % of 2 419 shared	89 %
Select Stefan KÖHLER	Stefan KÖHLER	EPP	Germany	98 % of 2 942 shared	89 %
Select Axel VOSS	Axel VOSS	EPP	Germany	98 % of 2 895 shared	89 %
Select Oliver SCHENK	Oliver SCHENK	EPP	Germany	98 % of 3 340 shared	89 %
Select Alexandra MEHNERT	Alexandra MEHNERT	EPP	Germany	98 % of 2 881 shared	89 %
Select Christine SCHNEIDER	Christine SCHNEIDER Former member	EPP	Germany	98 % of 2 624 shared	89 %
Select Marion WALSMANN	Marion WALSMANN	EPP	Germany	98 % of 3 285 shared	89 %
Select Ralf SEEKATZ	Ralf SEEKATZ	EPP	Germany	98 % of 3 042 shared	89 %
Select Norbert LINS	Norbert LINS	EPP	Germany	98 % of 3 294 shared	89 %
Select Verena MERTENS	Verena MERTENS	EPP	Germany	98 % of 2 863 shared	89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Urmas PAET	Urmas PAET	Renew	Estonia	90 % of 3 302 shared	82 %
Select Andreas GLÜCK	Andreas GLÜCK	Renew	Germany	88 % of 2 268 shared	82 %
Select Moritz KÖRNER	Moritz KÖRNER	Renew	Germany	88 % of 3 324 shared	82 %
Select Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN	Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN	Renew	Germany	88 % of 2 630 shared	82 %
Select Bart GROOTHUIS	Bart GROOTHUIS	Renew	Netherlands	88 % of 2 747 shared	82 %
Select Elsi KATAINEN	Elsi KATAINEN	Renew	Finland	88 % of 3 308 shared	82 %
Select Dan BARNA	Dan BARNA	Renew	Romania	88 % of 3 158 shared	82 %
Select Jan-Christoph OETJEN	Jan-Christoph OETJEN	Renew	Germany	88 % of 3 384 shared	82 %
Select Svenja HAHN	Svenja HAHN	Renew	Germany	88 % of 3 029 shared	82 %
Select Hilde VAUTMANS	Hilde VAUTMANS	Renew	Belgium	88 % of 3 247 shared	82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

8 contributions recorded; 2 on behalf of their group; 14 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
Date	Debate	Kind	Verbatim
10 Sept 2025	State of the Union (debate)	Speech · 2 min	Read
9 Jul 2025	EU-US trade negotiations (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
9 Jul 2025	EU-US trade negotiations (debate)	Speech · 2 min	Read
11 Mar 2025	European Council meetings and European security (joint debate)	Speech · 2 min	Read
12 Feb 2025	Collaboration between conservatives and far right as a threat for competitiveness in the EU (topical debate) on behalf of EPP	Speech · 3 min	Read
27 Nov 2024	Presentation by the President-elect of the Commission of the College of Commissioners and its programme (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
13 Nov 2024	EU-US relations in light of the outcome of the US presidential elections (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
7 Oct 2024	One year after the 7 October terrorist attacks by Hamas (debate) on behalf of EPP	Speech · 2 min	Read

Show all 8 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 17

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
Date	Title	Kind	Answer
10 Feb 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine B-10-2026-0146	Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors	—
25 Nov 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine B-10-2025-0546	Motion for a resolutionwith 30 co-authors	—
19 Nov 2025	Potential inclusion of Pernambuco in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix I and safeguarding European cultural heritage E-10-2025-004606	Written questionwith 13 co-authors	21 Jan 2026
19 Nov 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protection of EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materials B-10-2025-0500	Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors	—
15 Oct 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections B-10-2025-0454	Motion for a resolutionwith 24 co-authors	—
3 Sept 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference B-10-2025-0355	Motion for a resolutionwith 28 co-authors	—
30 Jul 2025	Updated guidelines on MiFID II requirements – client complaints about financial instrument questionnaires in securities business E-10-2025-003135	Written question	24 Sept 2025
7 Mar 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression B-10-2025-0161	Motion for a resolutionwith 33 co-authors	—
7 Mar 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria B-10-2025-0160	Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors	—
10 Feb 2025	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia B-10-2025-0108	Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors	—

Show all 17 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 17

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
Date	Text amended	Committee	Amendments
19 Dec 2025	Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781500	ECON	35
19 Dec 2025	Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781501	ECON	9
19 Dec 2025	Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781235	ECON	10
19 Dec 2025	Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781499	ECON	19
5 Dec 2025	Addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market INTA-AM-781298	INTA	12
23 Jul 2025	Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 CJ49-AM-775764	CJ49	3
23 Jul 2025	Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 CJ49-AM-775766	CJ49	9
9 Jul 2025	Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775460	JURI	4
8 Jul 2025	Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775459	JURI	16
4 Jul 2025	Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775457	JURI	12

Show all 17 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

Group European People’s Party EPP · Centre-right · Christian democracy, conservatism

National delegation

Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?page=4&rows=all&scope=final
Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament
Data source: EP Open Data: member record
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Daniel CASPARY”. Member record. memberId 28219. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?page=4&rows=all&scope=final (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28219. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/28219?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-member-28219,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Daniel CASPARY}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?page=4&rows=all&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?page=4&rows=all&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 28219. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28219. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}