Member · Former member

Carola RACKETE

The Left · Germany · left on 15 September 2025

Group: The Left
Country: Germany
Roll-call participation: 80.3 %ⓘ of 238 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line: 85.7 %ⓘ of 189 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %

More facts (4)

National party: Independent
In office: 16 Jul 2024 – 15 Sept 2025 (left on 15 September 2025)
Against clear line: 12 of 160 votesⓘ
Member id: 256927

National party: Independent
In office: 16 Jul 2024 – 15 Sept 2025 (left on 15 September 2025)
Against clear line: 12 of 160 votesⓘ
Member id: 256927

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EP profile

Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term 2024 (from July)2025 2026

Custom dates

Votes Final votes620 All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

80.3 %

191 of 238 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (−6.7 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

85.7 %

162 of 189 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (−0.9 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

7.5 %

12 of 160 votes where their group had a clear line

1 opposite (for ↔ against), 6 abstained against the line, 5 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

12.6 %

24 of 191 votes cast

Participation 80.3 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
Figure	Participation
Carola RACKETE	80.3 %
The Left median	86.9 %
Lowest in the group	37.7 %
Highest in the group	99.4 %
Members	47

With majority line 85.7 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
Figure	With majority line
Carola RACKETE	85.7 %
The Left median	86.6 %
Lowest in the group	64.5 %
Highest in the group	91.8 %
Members	47

Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
“No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 238

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votes All roll calls

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
Date	Decision	Result	Position	Majority line
8 Jul 2025	Bulgaria’s adoption of the euro on 1 January 2026	Passed 531 for, 69 against, 79 abstained	Position: For ≠ group	Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2025	The role of gas storage for securing gas supplies ahead of the winter season	Passed 542 for, 109 against, 30 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025	Temporary derogation from certain provisions of Regulations (EU) 2017/2226 and (EU) 2016/399	Passed 572 for, 42 against, 67 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2025	VAT: taxable persons, special scheme and special arrangements for declaration and payment, relating to distance sales of imported goods	Passed 623 for, 26 against, 28 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025	EU-Greenland and Denmark Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement: Implementing Protocol 2025-2030	Consent given 616 for, 29 against, 36 abstained	Position: Against ≠ group	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025	EU-Greenland and Denmark Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement: Implementing Protocol 2025-2030 (Resolution)	Adopted 561 for, 109 against, 11 abstained	Position: Abstained ≠ group	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025	Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024	Adopted 417 for, 188 against, 75 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2025	Security of energy supply in the EU	Adopted 459 for, 170 against, 30 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025	Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability	Passed 457 for, 17 against, 86 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025	Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran	Adopted 486 for, 8 against, 29 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025	Media freedom in Georgia, particularly the case of Mzia Amaglobeli	Adopted 324 for, 25 against, 87 abstained	Position: Abstained	Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025	Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali	Adopted 511 for, 14 against, 25 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025	Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system	Adopted 418 for, 112 against, 45 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025	Clean Industrial Deal	Adopted 381 for, 173 against, 13 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
18 Jun 2025	Macro-financial assistance to Egypt	Passed 386 for, 132 against, 49 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
18 Jun 2025	EU/Euratom Agreement on the interpretation and application of the Energy Charter Treaty: adoption by Euratom	Passed 557 for, 47 against, 46 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
18 Jun 2025	Adoption by the Union of the Agreement on the interpretation and application of the Energy Charter Treaty	Passed 554 for, 53 against, 37 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
18 Jun 2025	Implementation report on the Recovery and Resilience Facility	Adopted 421 for, 180 against, 55 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Tie
18 Jun 2025	The Commission’s 2024 Rule of Law report	Adopted 405 for, 210 against, 36 abstained	Position: Abstained ≠ group	Majority line: For
18 Jun 2025	2023 and 2024 reports on Montenegro	Adopted 470 for, 102 against, 77 abstained	Position: For ≠ group	Majority line: Abstained
18 Jun 2025	2023 and 2024 reports on Moldova	Adopted 456 for, 118 against, 51 abstained	Position: Abstained	Majority line: Abstained
17 Jun 2025	Amending Regulation (EU) No 228/2013 as regards additional assistance and further flexibility to outermost regions affected by severe natural disasters and in the context of cyclone Chido devastating Mayotte	Passed 653 for, 7 against, 3 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025	Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)	Passed 599 for, 2 against, 62 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025	Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine amending the Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine on the carriage of freight by road of 29 June 2022	Consent given 488 for, 137 against, 34 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025	Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union	Consent given 583 for, 78 against, 8 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025	Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union.	Adopted 557 for, 75 against, 37 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025	Amendments to Parliament’s Rules of Procedure concerning the declaration of input (Article 8 of Annex I to the Rules of Procedure)	Adopted 653 for, 0 against, 15 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025	Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy	Adopted 622 for, 24 against, 21 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025	Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville	Rejected 282 for, 340 against, 26 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 May 2025	Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism	Passed 564 for, 20 against, 12 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 May 2025	Modification of customs duties applicable to imports of certain goods originating in or exported from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus	Passed 411 for, 100 against, 78 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Abstained
22 May 2025	Granting equivalence to Moldova and Ukraine for field inspections and seed production	Passed 374 for, 176 against, 36 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
22 May 2025	Amendments to the Capital Requirements Regulation as regards securities financing transactions under the net stable funding ratio	Passed 436 for, 149 against, 11 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
22 May 2025	Euratom Research and Training Programme for the period 2026-2027 complementing Horizon Europe	Passed 489 for, 55 against, 38 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
22 May 2025	Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023	Adopted 260 for, 194 against, 110 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027	Passed 458 for, 101 against, 14 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	The protection status of the wolf (Canis lupus)	Passed 371 for, 162 against, 37 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	The role of gas storage for securing gas supplies ahead of the winter season	Passed 425 for, 106 against, 43 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	Screening of foreign investments in the Union	Passed 378 for, 173 against, 24 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
8 May 2025	Suspending certain parts of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 as regards imports of Ukrainian products into the European Union	Passed 354 for, 147 against, 53 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	Genetically modified soybean MON 87705 × MON 87708 × MON 89788	Objection passed 373 for, 150 against, 10 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
8 May 2025	Violations of religious freedom in Tibet	Adopted 478 for, 30 against, 41 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	Return of Ukrainian children forcibly transferred and deported by Russia	Adopted 516 for, 3 against, 34 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
8 May 2025	Ninth report on economic and social cohesion	Adopted 392 for, 125 against, 55 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	Competition policy – annual report 2024	Adopted 358 for, 124 against, 79 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
8 May 2025	Banking Union – annual report 2024	Adopted 345 for, 135 against, 62 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 May 2025	Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market	Adopted 306 for, 80 against, 57 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
7 May 2025	Amending of the ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review	Urgent procedure agreed 316 for, 291 against, 27 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
7 May 2025	Amending of Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 establishing the European Social Fund + (ESF+) as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges	Urgent procedure agreed 370 for, 268 against, 16 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
7 May 2025	Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development Funds	Discharge decision adopted 412 for, 245 against, 5 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 5 of 41 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
Sitting	Roll calls	Voted in
17 Jul 2024	1	1
18 Sept 2024	2	2
19 Sept 2024	6	5
8 Oct 2024	1	1
9 Oct 2024	2	2
10 Oct 2024	1	1
22 Oct 2024	5	5
23 Oct 2024	2	2
24 Oct 2024	2	2
14 Nov 2024	5	5
26 Nov 2024	8	0
27 Nov 2024	7	0
28 Nov 2024	6	0
17 Dec 2024	6	6
18 Dec 2024	7	7
19 Dec 2024	5	5
21 Jan 2025	1	1
22 Jan 2025	1	1
23 Jan 2025	4	4
11 Feb 2025	4	4
12 Feb 2025	4	4
13 Feb 2025	2	2
11 Mar 2025	4	4
12 Mar 2025	7	5
13 Mar 2025	3	3
1 Apr 2025	7	7
2 Apr 2025	9	9
3 Apr 2025	5	4
6 May 2025	4	0
7 May 2025	20	19
8 May 2025	12	0
22 May 2025	6	4
17 Jun 2025	8	8
18 Jun 2025	7	7
19 Jun 2025	6	6
8 Jul 2025	8	8
9 Jul 2025	14	13
10 Jul 2025	7	6
9 Sept 2025	6	5
10 Sept 2025	15	15
11 Sept 2025	8	8

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Ilaria SALIS	Ilaria SALIS	The Left	Italy	93 % of 1 761 shared	87 %
Select Martin SCHIRDEWAN	Martin SCHIRDEWAN	The Left	Germany	92 % of 1 923 shared	87 %
Select Estrella GALÁN	Estrella GALÁN	The Left	Spain	92 % of 1 861 shared	87 %
Select Mimmo LUCANO	Mimmo LUCANO	The Left	Italy	91 % of 1 121 shared	87 %
Select Özlem DEMIREL	Özlem DEMIREL	The Left	Germany	91 % of 1 760 shared	87 %
Select Damien CARÊME	Damien CARÊME	The Left	France	91 % of 1 969 shared	87 %
Select Anthony SMITH	Anthony SMITH	The Left	France	91 % of 2 013 shared	87 %
Select Marina MESURE	Marina MESURE	The Left	France	91 % of 1 987 shared	87 %
Select Arash SAEIDI	Arash SAEIDI	The Left	France	91 % of 1 807 shared	87 %
Select Leila CHAIBI	Leila CHAIBI	The Left	France	91 % of 1 941 shared	87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Ana MIRANDA PAZ	Ana MIRANDA PAZ	Greens	Spain	87 % of 1 997 shared	77 %
Select Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ	Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ	Greens	Spain	86 % of 1 795 shared	77 %
Select Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ	Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ	Greens	Spain	85 % of 1 966 shared	77 %
Select Diana RIBA I GINER	Diana RIBA I GINER	Greens	Spain	84 % of 1 663 shared	77 %
Select Cristina GUARDA	Cristina GUARDA	Greens	Italy	84 % of 1 492 shared	77 %
Select Mélissa CAMARA	Mélissa CAMARA	Greens	France	84 % of 1 983 shared	77 %
Select Benedetta SCUDERI	Benedetta SCUDERI	Greens	Italy	83 % of 1 812 shared	77 %
Select Ignazio Roberto MARINO	Ignazio Roberto MARINO	Greens	Italy	83 % of 1 844 shared	77 %
Select Leoluca ORLANDO	Leoluca ORLANDO	Greens	Italy	83 % of 1 844 shared	77 %
Select David CORMAND	David CORMAND	Greens	France	83 % of 1 961 shared	77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

21 contributions recorded; 5 on behalf of their group; 27 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
Date	Debate	Kind	Verbatim
9 Sept 2025	Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine, the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solution (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
7 Jul 2025	One-minute speeches on matters of political importance	Speech · 1 min	Read
2 Apr 2025	Outcome of the recent COP16 biodiversity negotiations in Rome (debate) on behalf of The Left	Speech · 1 min	Read
13 Mar 2025	A Vision for Agriculture and Food (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
13 Feb 2025	EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
10 Feb 2025	One-minute speeches on matters of political importance	Speech · 1 min	Read
10 Feb 2025	The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: the need for the European Union to contribute to resolving the humanitarian crisis of persons missing in wars and conflicts (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
21 Jan 2025	Need to enforce the Digital Services Act to protect democracy on social media platforms including against foreign interference and biased algorithms (debate) on behalf of The Left	Speech · 2 min	Read
20 Jan 2025	One-minute speeches on matters of political importance	Speech · 1 min	Read
20 Jan 2025	Powering Europe’s future - advancing the fusion industry for energy independence and innovation (debate) on behalf of The Left	Speech · 1 min	Read

Show all 21 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 36

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
Date	Title	Kind	Answer
15 Sept 2025	MOTION OF CENSURE ON THE COMMISSION MOTION OF CENSURE ON THE COMMISSION B-10-2025-0402	Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors	—
23 Jul 2025	Infiltration and surveillance: risks to fundamental rights, democracy and political pluralism in Italy E-10-2025-003048	Written questionwith 14 co-authors	25 Nov 2025
8 Jul 2025	Health access in Gaza and a corridor from Gaza to East Jerusalem hospitals E-10-2025-002776	Written questionwith 28 co-authors	9 Oct 2025
2 Jun 2025	Access for humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip E-10-2025-002193	Written questionwith 21 co-authors	4 Aug 2025
28 May 2025	Urgent activation of the EU Blocking Statute, as requested by Parliament in its 2024 annual report on human rights and democracy in the world E-10-2025-002163	Written questionwith 21 co-authors	30 Jul 2025
28 May 2025	EU-Israel Association Agreement O-10-2025-000019	Oral questionwith 39 co-authors	Not yet answered
28 May 2025	Gaza: offer of EU assistance in sidelining UN humanitarian agencies and consultation with Palestinian counterparts E-10-2025-002153	Written questionwith 27 co-authors	15 Jul 2025
27 May 2025	Israel’s intention to take full control of the Gaza strip and remove the Palestinian population from the area – EU’s actions and reactions E-10-2025-002127	Written questionwith 24 co-authors	1 Aug 2025
22 May 2025	Proposed liquefied natural gas facility in Pesaro, Italy E-10-2025-002065	Written question	7 Jul 2025
16 May 2025	Key objectives for the CITES COP20 meeting in Uzbekistan O-10-2025-000018	Oral questionwith 6 co-authors	Not yet answered

Show all 36 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 9

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
Date	Text amended	Committee	Amendments
21 May 2025	Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements ENVI-AM-773311	ENVI	26
21 May 2025	Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements ENVI-AM-774216	ENVI	40
20 May 2025	The EU strategic objectives for the 20th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), to be held in to be held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, from 24 November to 05 December 2025 ENVI-AM-773348	ENVI	42
13 May 2025	Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain AGRI-AM-773314	AGRI	11
24 Apr 2025	The future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy AGRI-AM-772125	AGRI	8
24 Apr 2025	The future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy AGRI-AM-773080	AGRI	7
24 Apr 2025	The future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy AGRI-AM-773077	AGRI	12
24 Apr 2025	The future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy AGRI-AM-773078	AGRI	7
24 Apr 2025	The future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy AGRI-AM-773079	AGRI	3

Show all 9 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

Group The Left in the European Parliament (GUE/NGL) The Left · Left · democratic socialism, communism

National delegation

Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256927?page=2&scope=final&vscope=final
Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament
Data source: EP Open Data: member record
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Carola RACKETE”. Member record. memberId 256927. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256927?page=2&scope=final&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256927. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256927?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-member-256927,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Carola RACKETE}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256927?page=2&scope=final&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256927?page=2&scope=final&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256927. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256927. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}