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Member

Nikos PAPPAS

The Left · Greece

Group
The Left
Country
Greece
Roll-call participation
72.6 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
78.0 %ⓘ of 446 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
Independent
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
67 of 385 votesⓘ
Committees
CULT, ITRE, PETI (substitute)
Member id
256952
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

72.6 %

450 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (−14.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

78.0 %

348 of 446 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (−8.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

17.4 %

67 of 385 votes where their group had a clear line

20 opposite (for ↔ against), 35 abstained against the line, 12 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

17.8 %

80 of 450 votes cast

Participation 72.6 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Nikos PAPPAS72.6 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 78.0 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Nikos PAPPAS78.0 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
10 Sept 2025Investments and reforms for European competitiveness and the creation of a Capital Markets Union Adopted 407 for, 161 against, 97 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
10 Sept 2025Role of cohesion policy investment in resolving the current housing crisis Adopted 462 for, 142 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy Adopted 393 for, 145 against, 123 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
10 Sept 2025Possibilities for simplification of cohesion funds Adopted 513 for, 111 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
10 Sept 2025Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference Adopted 490 for, 65 against, 86 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
9 Sept 2025Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles Passed 431 for, 145 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
9 Sept 2025EU-Brazil Agreement: cooperation with and through Europol and the Federal Police of Brazil Consent given 606 for, 5 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Sept 2025EU-Kyrgyz Republic Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement Consent given 473 for, 114 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Sept 2025EU-Kyrgyz Republic Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (Resolution) Adopted 434 for, 49 against, 168 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Sept 2025Public procurement Adopted 432 for, 95 against, 124 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Sept 20252023 and 2024 reports on Ukraine Adopted 418 for, 135 against, 41 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Jul 2025Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 as regards obligations of economic operators concerning battery due diligence policies Passed 542 for, 97 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Jul 2025Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 175 for, 360 against, 18 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Jul 2025Case of Ryan Cornelius in Dubai Adopted 511 for, 50 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Jul 2025Arbitrary arrest and torture of Belgian-Portuguese researcher Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African Republic Adopted 617 for, 4 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Jul 2025Urgent need to protect religious minorities in Syria following the recent terrorist attack on Mar Elias Church in Damascus Adopted 625 for, 7 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Jul 2025Future of the EU biotechnology and biomanufacturing sector: leveraging research, boosting innovation and enhancing competitiveness Adopted 494 for, 83 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
10 Jul 2025Tackling China’s critical raw materials export restrictions Adopted 523 for, 75 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2025European Climate Law Urgent procedure refused 300 for, 379 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Amending Regulation (EU) No 1026/2012 on certain measures for the purpose of the conservation of fish stocks in relation to countries allowing non-sustainable fishing Passed 681 for, 4 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Draft amending budget No 1/2025: entering the surplus of the financial year 2024 Passed 534 for, 102 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Austria, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia and Moldova relating to floods that occurred in September 2024 and Bosnia and Herzegovina relating to floods that occurred in October 2024 Passed 643 for, 13 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: Application EGF/2025/000 TA 2025 - Technical assistance at the initiative of the Commission Passed 574 for, 63 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1675 to add certain countries to the list of high-risk third countries, and to remove other countries from that list Objection failed 264 for, 369 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Deforestation Regulation - list of countries presenting a low or high risk Objection passed 373 for, 289 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2025Product safety and regulatory compliance in e-commerce and non-EU imports Adopted 619 for, 26 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Albania Adopted 502 for, 120 against, 64 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina Adopted 495 for, 130 against, 63 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Adopted 461 for, 121 against, 107 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Adopted 490 for, 147 against, 49 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Adopted 422 for, 219 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civilians Adopted 507 for, 77 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Tie
8 Jul 2025Bulgaria’s adoption of the euro on 1 January 2026 Passed 531 for, 69 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2025The role of gas storage for securing gas supplies ahead of the winter season Passed 542 for, 109 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025Temporary derogation from certain provisions of Regulations (EU) 2017/2226 and (EU) 2016/399 Passed 572 for, 42 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2025VAT: taxable persons, special scheme and special arrangements for declaration and payment, relating to distance sales of imported goods Passed 623 for, 26 against, 28 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025EU-Greenland and Denmark Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement: Implementing Protocol 2025-2030 Consent given 616 for, 29 against, 36 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025EU-Greenland and Denmark Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement: Implementing Protocol 2025-2030 (Resolution) Adopted 561 for, 109 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2025Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 Adopted 417 for, 188 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
8 Jul 2025Security of energy supply in the EU Adopted 459 for, 170 against, 30 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Passed 457 for, 17 against, 86 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran Adopted 486 for, 8 against, 29 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Media freedom in Georgia, particularly the case of Mzia Amaglobeli Adopted 324 for, 25 against, 87 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Adopted 511 for, 14 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Adopted 418 for, 112 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Clean Industrial Deal Adopted 381 for, 173 against, 13 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
18 Jun 2025Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Passed 386 for, 132 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
18 Jun 2025EU/Euratom Agreement on the interpretation and application of the Energy Charter Treaty: adoption by Euratom Passed 557 for, 47 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2025Adoption by the Union of the Agreement on the interpretation and application of the Energy Charter Treaty Passed 554 for, 53 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2025Implementation report on the Recovery and Resilience Facility Adopted 421 for, 180 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Tie

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 19 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Elena KOUNTOURA The LeftGreece95 % of 3 608 shared87 %
Nikolas FARANTOURIS changed group S&DGreece95 % of 3 080 shared87 %
Konstantinos ARVANITIS The LeftGreece95 % of 3 811 shared87 %
Ilaria SALIS The LeftItaly92 % of 3 572 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany91 % of 4 000 shared87 %
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany91 % of 2 197 shared87 %
Estrella GALÁN The LeftSpain90 % of 3 722 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal90 % of 3 533 shared87 %
Mimmo LUCANO The LeftItaly90 % of 2 320 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain90 % of 3 968 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain86 % of 3 353 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain85 % of 3 943 shared77 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly84 % of 4 152 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly84 % of 3 879 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain84 % of 3 461 shared77 %
Diana RIBA I GINER GreensSpain83 % of 3 791 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly83 % of 3 831 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance83 % of 4 143 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium83 % of 4 075 shared77 %
Ignazio Roberto MARINO GreensItaly82 % of 3 283 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-TR Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Arab PeninsulaDARP DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on DisabilityIG10-10 Intergroup / working groupMember11 Mar 2025now

Show all 7 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationPETI3 Sept 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT27 Jan 2026
Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 30 October 2020 on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth GuaranteeShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT22 Jan 2026
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Shadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT15 Dec 2025
Establishing the Erasmus+ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/817 and (EU) 2021/888Shadow rapporteurCULT18 Nov 2025
Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153Shadow rapporteurITRE18 Nov 2025
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Shadow rapporteurITRE18 Nov 2025
Establishing the Specific Programme implementing Horizon Europe - the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation for the period 2028-2034, laying down the rules for participation and dissemination under that ProgrammeShadow rapporteurITRE18 Nov 2025
The EU Youth Strategy 2019-2027Shadow rapporteurCULT18 Nov 2025
A new strategy for media literacy and digital learningShadow rapporteurCULT18 Nov 2025

Show all 32 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

20 contributions recorded; 6 on behalf of their group; 25 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
18 Jun 2026Joint Declaration on ‘Culture for Europe - Europe for Culture’ (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
12 Mar 2026Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024 (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
17 Dec 2025The urgent need to combat discrimination in the EU through the horizontal anti-discrimination directive (topical debate) Speech · 2 minRead
16 Dec 2025Grids package and tackling raising energy prices through robust infrastructure (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
25 Nov 2025Protection of minors online (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Oct 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024 (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
8 Oct 2025Promoting EU digital rules: protecting European sovereignty (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Oct 2025Role of EU policies in shaping the European Sport Model (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead
10 Sept 2025Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of Cyprus on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2025State of play of implementation of the European Media Freedom Act in the Member States (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead

Show all 20 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 92

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
7 Sept 2026Climate change, public health and the world of work: for a directive on maximum working temperatures O-10-2026-000035Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
24 Aug 2026Greek restrictions on repopulation of livestock holdings and their compatibility with EU law E-10-2026-003314Written questionNot yet answered
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Transparency and review of the free afternoon surgery programme in Greece E-10-2026-002705Written question11 Aug 2026
17 Jun 2026Systematic sexualised torture against Palestinian detainees E-10-2026-002515Written questionwith 23 co-authors12 Aug 2026
17 Jun 2026Public statements on the management of migrant arrivals and Member States' compliance with EU law E-10-2026-002517Written question18 Sept 2026
1 Jun 2026Action by EU Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič regarding trade restrictions on goods from illegal Israeli settlements E-10-2026-002215Written questionwith 31 co-authors17 Sept 2026
29 May 2026Ethics of media coverage of suicides and protection of vulnerable groups in the EU E-10-2026-002181Written question30 Jul 2026
13 May 2026Strengthening the EU framework to prevent and combat illegal possession of weapons in the EU E-10-2026-002008Written question26 Jun 2026
13 May 2026Living conditions of seasonal farm workers and public health protection in the EU E-10-2026-002009Written question5 Aug 2026

Show all 92 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 34

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
12 Jun 2026Establishing the Erasmus+ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/817 and (EU) 2021/878988 CULT-AM-789968 CULT58
12 Jun 2026Establishing the Erasmus+ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/817 and (EU) 2021/878988 CULT-AM-789967 CULT39
12 Jun 2026Establishing the Erasmus+ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/817 and (EU) 2021/878988 CULT-AM-789899 CULT18
24 Apr 2026Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 CJ05-AM-787835 CJ0513
24 Apr 2026Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 CJ05-AM-787836 CJ0514
24 Apr 2026Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 CJ05-AM-787837 CJ0517
14 Apr 2026Establishing the Specific Programme implementing Horizon Europe - the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation for the period 2028-2034, laying down the rules for participation and dissemination under that Programme ITRE-AM-784484 ITRE61
10 Apr 2026Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695 ITRE-AM-786968 ITRE22
10 Apr 2026Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695 ITRE-AM-786961 ITRE42
10 Apr 2026Establishing the Specific Programme implementing Horizon Europe - the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation for the period 2028-2034, laying down the rules for participation and dissemination under that Programme ITRE-AM-786986 ITRE17

Show all 34 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Greece National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Nikos PAPPAS”. Member record. memberId 256952. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256952?page=9&scope=final&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256952. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256952?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256952,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Nikos PAPPAS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256952?page=9&scope=final&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256952?page=9&scope=final&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256952. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256952. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}