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Member

Bruno TOBBACK

S&D · Belgium

Group
S&D
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
95.1 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
98.3 %ⓘ of 5 634 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 96.3 %
More facts (5)
National party
Vooruit
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
65 of 5 540 votesⓘ
Committees
ENVI (substitute), ITRE
Member id
256885
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

95.1 %

5 636 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

S&D median: 89.9 % (+5.2 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.3 %

5 539 of 5 634 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 96.3 % (+2.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.2 %

65 of 5 540 votes where their group had a clear line

44 opposite (for ↔ against), 18 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

1.9 %

106 of 5 636 votes cast

Participation 95.1 % — S&D median 89.9 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Bruno TOBBACK95.1 %
S&D median89.9 %
Lowest in the group30.4 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members138
With majority line 98.3 % — S&D median 96.3 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Bruno TOBBACK98.3 %
S&D median96.3 %
Lowest in the group81.9 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members138
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Oct 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Passed 469 for, 126 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Passed 471 for, 123 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Passed 477 for, 93 against, 76 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025General Data Protection Regulation: additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of the Regulation Passed 533 for, 43 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations Passed 446 for, 162 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Monitoring framework for resilient European forests Rejected outright 370 for, 264 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Passed 327 for, 256 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2025A new legislative framework for products that is fit for the digital and sustainable transition Adopted 505 for, 62 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Establishment and functioning of European Works Councils - effective enforcement Passed 414 for, 139 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 179 for, 378 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2025Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 133 for, 383 against, 78 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 202510th anniversary of the detention of jailed Swedish publisher Gui Minhai in China Adopted 546 for, 3 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Humanitarian and security situation in Haiti, in particular the rising power of criminal gangs and the recent massacre in Cabaret Adopted 550 for, 3 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024 Adopted 535 for, 24 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025The role of simple tax rules and tax fragmentation in European competitiveness Adopted 499 for, 66 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Situation in Afghanistan: supporting women and communities affected by the recent earthquakes Adopted 504 for, 74 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure Adopted 469 for, 97 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Second World Summit for Social Development Adopted 360 for, 210 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Amending certain CAP regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 492 for, 111 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Oct 2025Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain Passed 532 for, 78 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Passed 412 for, 129 against, 98 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025EC-Côte d’Ivoire Fisheries Partnership Agreement – Protocol on the implementation of the Agreement for 2025-2029 Consent given 520 for, 97 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Withdrawal of the European Union from the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG) Consent given 594 for, 38 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Draft amending budget No 2/2025: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Passed 479 for, 82 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/002 DE/Goodyear 2 – Germany Passed 577 for, 47 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/001 BE/BelGaN – Belgium Passed 578 for, 47 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Genetically modified maize DP51291 Objection passed 433 for, 166 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025EU political strategy on Latin America Adopted 354 for, 195 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Revision of the Visa Suspension Mechanism Passed 518 for, 96 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Inland waterway transport: River Information Systems (RIS) Passed 636 for, 10 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Extension of the derogation for heavy-duty vehicles with zero emissions Passed 458 for, 182 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Role of EU policies in shaping the European Sport Model Adopted 552 for, 52 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Package travel and linked travel arrangements: make the protection of travellers more effective and simplify and clarify certain aspects Passed 535 for, 36 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of Cyprus Adopted 597 for, 0 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Case of Victoire Ingabire in Rwanda Adopted 549 for, 2 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025A new vision for the European Universities alliances Adopted 461 for, 100 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single market Adopted 459 for, 65 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Stock-taking of the European elections 2024 Adopted 388 for, 186 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solution Adopted 305 for, 151 against, 122 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Situation in Colombia after the wave of recent terrorist attacks Adopted 355 for, 173 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Sept 2025European Social Fund (ESF+): specific measures to address strategic challenges Passed 453 for, 149 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review Passed 440 for, 168 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: simplification and strengthening Passed 617 for, 18 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Insolvency proceedings: replacing Annexes A and B Passed 662 for, 3 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Securities settlement in the EU and central securities depositories (CSDs): shorter settlement cycle in the Union Passed 612 for, 7 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Extension of the timeframe for the establishment of the Eurojust case management system Passed 634 for, 4 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Vanuatu Consent given 528 for, 89 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025EC-India Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: renewal of the Agreement Consent given 624 for, 9 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025EU-Switzerland Cooperation Agreement: European Satellite Navigation Programmes Consent given 627 for, 4 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Role of cohesion policy in supporting the just transition Adopted 519 for, 99 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 10 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242320
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202421
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129129
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244544
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254544
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 2025320
12 Feb 2025100
13 Feb 2025300
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228228
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251250
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220220
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202520
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258787
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134132
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251312
22 Oct 2025186183
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 202510099
27 Nov 2025125125
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266767
21 Jan 2026112111
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 2026380
11 Feb 2026130
12 Feb 20261410
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266969
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225224
29 Apr 2026296296
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264039
17 Jun 2026127126
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266766
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124124

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Kathleen VAN BREMPT S&DBelgium99 % of 5 268 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain98 % of 5 203 shared93 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal98 % of 5 165 shared93 %
Camilla LAURETI S&DItaly98 % of 5 503 shared93 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal97 % of 5 487 shared93 %
Gabriele BISCHOFF S&DGermany97 % of 5 446 shared93 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal97 % of 5 191 shared93 %
Bernd LANGE S&DGermany97 % of 5 093 shared93 %
André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 984 shared93 %
Udo BULLMANN S&DGermany97 % of 4 751 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium90 % of 4 158 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia90 % of 5 270 shared86 %
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly90 % of 1 763 shared86 %
Martin HOJSÍK RenewSlovakia89 % of 5 257 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands89 % of 5 556 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia89 % of 4 814 shared86 %
Lucia YAR RenewSlovakia89 % of 5 576 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands89 % of 5 622 shared86 %
Pascal CANFIN RenewFrance89 % of 5 168 shared86 %
Bernard GUETTA RenewFrance89 % of 4 983 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute20 Jan 2025now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with CanadaD-CA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for Northern cooperation and for relations with Switzerland and Norway and to the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee and the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary CommitteeDEEA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Attracting Investment to Ensure a Competitive and Sustainable European UnionIG10-03 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on the Future of Education and Skills for a Competitive EuropeIG10-14 Intergroup / working groupMember29 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember30 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 10 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisationShadow rapporteur for an opinionITRE14 Sept 2026
Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869Shadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI23 Mar 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1252Shadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI17 Mar 2026
EU-Canada interparliamentary meeting in Ottawa and Halifax on 27 – 29 October 2025.Official delegationD-CA14 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE10 Jul 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI19 Mar 2025
Own initiative report: 'Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system'Shadow rapporteurITRE8 Jan 2025

Show all 7 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

14 contributions recorded, 1 written statement; 1 on behalf of their group; 17 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 14 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 31

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
15 Sept 2026National implementation of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation creating barriers within the single market E-10-2026-003681Written questionNot yet answered
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
10 Sept 2026EU exports of banned pesticides E-10-2026-003605Written questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Ensuring the continued operation of the Blue Flag Programme under Directive (EU) 2024/825 E-10-2026-003031Written questionwith 29 co-authors18 Sept 2026
16 Jun 2026Volkswagen Group prevents users from accessing free, real-time charging data from their electric cars E-10-2026-002465Written question31 Aug 2026
8 Jun 2026Access to Temporary Protection Directive provisions in Belgium for babies born after 24 February 2022 E-10-2026-002349Written questionwith 6 co-authors31 Aug 2026
17 Apr 2026Taxation of windfall profits in the energy sector O-10-2026-000019Oral questionwith 53 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Apr 2026Contingency framework for public support in the steel sector E-10-2026-001433Written questionwith 1 co-author15 Jun 2026
25 Mar 2026EU manufacturing of net-zero technologies and trade defence E-10-2026-001239Written question13 May 2026
9 Mar 2026Public procurement and deaths at work: choosing the best bidder in social terms and making social rights and safety at work a condition for access to contracts O-10-2026-000011Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered

Show all 31 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 82

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
1 Jul 2026Suspending the application of the rules on the appointment of an authorised representative for extended producer responsibility for batteries and waste batteries and packaging and packaging waste ENVI-AM-790771 ENVI13
1 Jul 2026Suspending the application of the rules on the appointment of authorised representatives for extended producer responsibility for waste, waste electrical and electronical equipment and single use plastic waste ENVI-AM-790772 ENVI13
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE10
27 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788845 ITRE10
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788922 ITRE17
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788941 ITRE3
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-785339 ITRE5
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788939 ITRE3
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788940 ITRE14
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788924 ITRE16

Show all 82 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Bruno TOBBACK”. Member record. memberId 256885. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256885?page=8&rows=all&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256885. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256885?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256885,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Bruno TOBBACK}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256885?page=8&rows=all&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256885?page=8&rows=all&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256885. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256885. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}