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Member

Hermann TERTSCH

Patriots · Spain

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
72.8 %ⓘ of 261 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.8 % · 2026, final votes
With majority line
70.9 %ⓘ of 189 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 78.9 %
More facts (5)
National party
VOX
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
27 of 140 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, DEVE (substitute), INTA (substitute)
Member id
197831
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

72.8 %

190 of 261 final votes while in office

Patriots median: 89.3 % (−16.5 pts)

Chamber median: 90.8 %

With majority line ⓘ

70.9 %

134 of 189 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 78.9 % (−8.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

19.3 %

27 of 140 votes where their group had a clear line

14 opposite (for ↔ against), 11 abstained against the line, 2 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

21.1 %

40 of 190 votes cast

Participation 72.8 % — Patriots median 89.3 %, 86 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 86 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Hermann TERTSCH72.8 %
Patriots median89.3 %
Lowest in the group37.2 %
Highest in the group100.0 %
Members86
With majority line 70.9 % — Patriots median 78.9 %, 86 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 86 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Hermann TERTSCH70.9 %
Patriots median78.9 %
Lowest in the group52.6 %
Highest in the group96.0 %
Members86
  • 2026, 261 final votes; 261 of 342 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
6 May 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2024/003 BE/Van Hool – Belgium Passed 598 for, 48 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
6 May 2025Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2023 Adopted 473 for, 59 against, 114 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
6 May 2025Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2023 Adopted 340 for, 162 against, 150 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Establishing an EU talent pool Negotiating mandate approved 327 for, 229 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seed Negotiating mandate approved 411 for, 191 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 531 for, 69 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Adopted 432 for, 127 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Adopted 535 for, 19 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement Passed 377 for, 279 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Agreements on Financial Mechanisms for the period May 2021 - April 2028 (EEA: EU-Iceland-Liechtenstein-Norway; Norwegian: EU-Norway); Additional Protocols to EEC-Norway Agreement and to EEC-Iceland Agreement Consent given 528 for, 121 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) Consent given 518 for, 104 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement: cooperation between Eurojust and the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters Consent given 619 for, 9 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III Adopted 441 for, 173 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029) (Resolution) Adopted 605 for, 68 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 188 against, 105 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 399 for, 198 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Adopted 390 for, 116 against, 126 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
1 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Urgent procedure agreed 427 for, 221 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
1 Apr 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Passed 481 for, 170 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Passed 482 for, 110 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
1 Apr 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Passed 486 for, 171 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Jordan Passed 571 for, 59 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
1 Apr 2025Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Passed 452 for, 182 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
1 Apr 2025Customs duties on imports of certain products originating in the USA Passed 593 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Democracy and human rights in Thailand, notably the lese-majesty law and the deportation of Uyghur refugees Adopted 482 for, 57 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
13 Mar 2025Severe political, humanitarian and human rights crisis in Sudan, in particular the sexual violence and child rape Adopted 575 for, 7 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Mar 2025Unlawful detention and sham trials of Armenian hostages, including high-ranking political representatives from Nagorno-Karabakh, by Azerbaijan Adopted 523 for, 3 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025EU-Norway Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff-rate quotas included in EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union Consent given 525 for, 5 against, 34 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025Agreement between Canada and the European Union on the transfer and processing of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data Consent given 521 for, 90 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 Adopted 469 for, 162 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Mar 2025European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025 Adopted 351 for, 260 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Mar 2025Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression Adopted 442 for, 98 against, 126 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
12 Mar 2025White paper on the future of European defence Adopted 419 for, 204 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
12 Mar 2025The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria Adopted 462 for, 76 against, 106 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
11 Mar 2025Establishing the Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova Passed 499 for, 117 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2025Verification of credentials Adopted 643 for, 10 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Mar 2025European Social Fund Plus post-2027 Adopted 432 for, 155 against, 82 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
11 Mar 2025Assessment of the implementation of Horizon Europe in view of its interim evaluation and recommendations for the 10th Research Framework Programme Adopted 472 for, 75 against, 92 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
13 Feb 2025Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia Adopted 400 for, 63 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
13 Feb 2025Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Adopted 443 for, 4 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025VAT: rules for the digital age Passed 589 for, 42 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Feb 2025Administrative cooperation in the field of taxation Passed 608 for, 33 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize DP910521 Objection passed 477 for, 152 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
12 Feb 2025Genetically modified maize MON 95275 Objection passed 467 for, 156 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
11 Feb 2025Renewal of the Agreement on cooperation in science and technology between the European Community and Ukraine Consent given 591 for, 9 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Protocol (2024-2029) implementing the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Cabo Verde Consent given 507 for, 76 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025Conclusion of an agreement between the European Union and the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on certain aspects of air services Consent given 562 for, 17 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Feb 2025European Central Bank – annual report 2024 Adopted 378 for, 233 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Jan 2025Systematic repression of human rights in Iran, notably the cases of Pakhshan Azizi and Wrisha Moradi, and the taking of EU citizens as hostages Adopted 556 for, 6 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
23 Jan 2025Case of Boualem Sansal in Algeria Adopted 533 for, 24 against, 48 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 26 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
20 Jan 202666
21 Jan 202688
22 Jan 202688
10 Feb 202688
11 Feb 20261010
12 Feb 202688
24 Feb 202611
10 Mar 202690
11 Mar 2026120
12 Mar 202660
26 Mar 20261313
28 Apr 2026140
29 Apr 2026170
30 Apr 2026110
19 May 202633
20 May 20261212
21 May 20261010
16 Jun 20261010
17 Jun 20261615
18 Jun 202677
7 Jul 20261515
8 Jul 20261514
9 Jul 202644
15 Sept 20261212
16 Sept 20261616
17 Sept 20261010

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain97 % of 4 196 shared74 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain97 % of 3 898 shared74 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain97 % of 4 421 shared74 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain96 % of 4 109 shared74 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain96 % of 3 818 shared74 %
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal83 % of 4 238 shared74 %
Vilis KRIŠTOPANS PatriotsLatvia82 % of 4 079 shared74 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland81 % of 3 778 shared74 %
António TÂNGER CORRÊA PatriotsPortugal80 % of 3 569 shared74 %
Anders VISTISEN Former memberPatriotsDenmark80 % of 2 813 shared74 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance81 % of 3 784 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance80 % of 4 244 shared68 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance80 % of 3 779 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance79 % of 3 893 shared68 %
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance77 % of 3 498 shared70 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia76 % of 3 954 shared68 %
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly76 % of 1 361 shared67 %
Jaak MADISON ECREstonia76 % of 3 699 shared68 %
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany76 % of 3 318 shared68 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany75 % of 4 078 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on DevelopmentDEVE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute21 Oct 2024now
Special Committee on the European Democracy ShieldEUDS Special committeeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-CL Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of the Andean CommunityDAND DelegationSubstitute4 Mar 2026now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Central America, including the EU-Central America Association Parliamentary CommitteeDCAM DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
DCAM mission to Dominican RepublicOfficial delegationDCAM1 Sept 2026
Meeting of the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly. 26-28 May 2026, Mexico City.\nOfficial delegationDLAT11 May 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET23 Mar 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET4 Sept 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET6 May 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurINTA5 May 2025
EU political strategy on Latin AmericaShadow rapporteurAFET5 May 2025
XVI Ordinary Plenary Session of the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly (EuroLat) in Lima, PeruOfficial delegationDLAT5 May 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET24 Apr 2025
2023/2024 Commission Report on AlbaniaShadow rapporteurAFET11 Feb 2025

Show all 13 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

48 contributions recorded; 16 on behalf of their group; 77 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026The role of the EU in efforts for peace and stability throughout the Middle East after the announced deal between the US and Iran (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 2 minRead
19 May 2026Question Time (VPC/HR) - EU’s strategy to address the current crises in the Middle East Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026EU-US trade deal (joint debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 2 minRead
11 Feb 2026Topical debate requested by a political group (S&D) (Rule 169) - State violence in Minneapolis and the rule of law in the United States (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Feb 2026Spain’s large-scale regularisation policy and its impact on the Schengen Area and EU migration policy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 99

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION political prisoners in Cuba, the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0409Motion for a resolutionwith 4 co-authors—
26 Aug 2026Spanish Government plans to transfer illegal immigrants to the mainland P-10-2026-003344Priority written questionwith 5 co-authorsNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
16 Jul 2026Venezuelan disaster: call for solidarity that delivers E-10-2026-003015Written questionwith 7 co-authors7 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0349Motion for a resolutionwith 7 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0354Motion for a resolutionwith 5 co-authors—
3 Jul 2026European Investment Bank funds Morocco’s road and rail networks E-10-2026-002776Written questionwith 5 co-authorsNot yet answered
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Nicaragua - the cases of Carlos Brenes, Salvadora del Socorro Martínez Aburto and Brooklyn Rivera B-10-2026-0316Motion for a resolutionwith 3 co-authors—
12 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba B-10-2026-0290Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—

Show all 99 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 44

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections AFET-AM-791057 AFET9
15 Jun 2026A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the Mediterranean AFET-AM-789979 AFET16
15 Jun 2026EU-Syria political relations AFET-AM-789951 AFET28
26 May 2026Establishing Global Europe CJ19-AM-789070 CJ191
26 May 2026Establishing Global Europe CJ19-AM-789069 CJ191
26 May 2026Establishing Global Europe CJ19-AM-789068 CJ193
26 May 2026Establishing Global Europe CJ19-AM-789067 CJ199
24 Apr 20262025 Commission report on Bosnia and Herzegovina AFET-AM-787778 AFET21
23 Apr 2026Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response, and repealing Decision No 1313/2013/EU (Union Civil Protection Mechanism) DEVE-AM-787787 DEVE3
20 Apr 2026Interim report in view of the consent procedure on the Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement between the EU and Mexico CJ38-AM-787715 CJ3821

Show all 44 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Hermann TERTSCH”. Member record. memberId 197831. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197831?page=11&period=2026&scope=final (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197831. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197831?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197831,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Hermann TERTSCH}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197831?page=11&period=2026&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197831?page=11&period=2026&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197831. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197831. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}