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Member

Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ

EPP · Spain

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
90.5 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
95.4 %ⓘ of 561 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PP Partido Popular
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
14 of 520 votesⓘ
Committees
INTA, LIBE (substitute), SEDE (substitute)
Member id
197621
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

90.5 %

561 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−0.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

95.4 %

535 of 561 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (−0.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.7 %

14 of 520 votes where their group had a clear line

10 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.2 %

7 of 561 votes cast

Participation 90.5 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ90.5 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 95.4 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ95.4 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
21 Oct 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Passed 469 for, 126 against, 50 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Passed 471 for, 123 against, 48 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Passed 477 for, 93 against, 76 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025General Data Protection Regulation: additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of the Regulation Passed 533 for, 43 against, 68 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations Passed 446 for, 162 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Monitoring framework for resilient European forests Rejected outright 370 for, 264 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Passed 327 for, 256 against, 58 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025A new legislative framework for products that is fit for the digital and sustainable transition Adopted 505 for, 62 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Establishment and functioning of European Works Councils - effective enforcement Passed 414 for, 139 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
9 Oct 2025Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 179 for, 378 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2025Motion of censure on the Commission Rejected 133 for, 383 against, 78 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 202510th anniversary of the detention of jailed Swedish publisher Gui Minhai in China Adopted 546 for, 3 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Humanitarian and security situation in Haiti, in particular the rising power of criminal gangs and the recent massacre in Cabaret Adopted 550 for, 3 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024 Adopted 535 for, 24 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025The role of simple tax rules and tax fragmentation in European competitiveness Adopted 499 for, 66 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Situation in Afghanistan: supporting women and communities affected by the recent earthquakes Adopted 504 for, 74 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure Adopted 469 for, 97 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2025Second World Summit for Social Development Adopted 360 for, 210 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Amending certain CAP regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties Passed 492 for, 111 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain Passed 532 for, 78 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Passed 412 for, 129 against, 98 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025EC-Côte d’Ivoire Fisheries Partnership Agreement – Protocol on the implementation of the Agreement for 2025-2029 Consent given 520 for, 97 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Withdrawal of the European Union from the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG) Consent given 594 for, 38 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Draft amending budget No 2/2025: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Passed 479 for, 82 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/002 DE/Goodyear 2 – Germany Passed 577 for, 47 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2025Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2025/001 BE/BelGaN – Belgium Passed 578 for, 47 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Oct 2025Genetically modified maize DP51291 Objection passed 433 for, 166 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Oct 2025EU political strategy on Latin America Adopted 354 for, 195 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Revision of the Visa Suspension Mechanism Passed 518 for, 96 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Inland waterway transport: River Information Systems (RIS) Passed 636 for, 10 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Extension of the derogation for heavy-duty vehicles with zero emissions Passed 458 for, 182 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2025Role of EU policies in shaping the European Sport Model Adopted 552 for, 52 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Package travel and linked travel arrangements: make the protection of travellers more effective and simplify and clarify certain aspects Passed 535 for, 36 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of Cyprus Adopted 597 for, 0 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Case of Victoire Ingabire in Rwanda Adopted 549 for, 2 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025A new vision for the European Universities alliances Adopted 461 for, 100 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single market Adopted 459 for, 65 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Stock-taking of the European elections 2024 Adopted 388 for, 186 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solution Adopted 305 for, 151 against, 122 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
11 Sept 2025Situation in Colombia after the wave of recent terrorist attacks Adopted 355 for, 173 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025European Social Fund (ESF+): specific measures to address strategic challenges Passed 453 for, 149 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review Passed 440 for, 168 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: simplification and strengthening Passed 617 for, 18 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Insolvency proceedings: replacing Annexes A and B Passed 662 for, 3 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Securities settlement in the EU and central securities depositories (CSDs): shorter settlement cycle in the Union Passed 612 for, 7 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Extension of the timeframe for the establishment of the Eurojust case management system Passed 634 for, 4 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Vanuatu Consent given 528 for, 89 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025EC-India Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: renewal of the Agreement Consent given 624 for, 9 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025EU-Switzerland Cooperation Agreement: European Satellite Navigation Programmes Consent given 627 for, 4 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Sept 2025Role of cohesion policy in supporting the just transition Adopted 519 for, 99 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Carmen CRESPO DÍAZ EPPSpain99 % of 4 849 shared89 %
Maravillas ABADÍA JOVER EPPSpain98 % of 5 319 shared89 %
Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ EPPSpain98 % of 4 642 shared89 %
Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE EPPSpain98 % of 4 955 shared89 %
Dolors MONTSERRAT EPPSpain98 % of 5 016 shared89 %
Fernando NAVARRETE ROJAS EPPSpain98 % of 5 274 shared89 %
Gabriel MATO EPPSpain98 % of 4 970 shared89 %
Borja GIMÉNEZ LARRAZ EPPSpain98 % of 5 327 shared89 %
Alma EZCURRA ALMANSA EPPSpain98 % of 1 968 shared89 %
Raúl DE LA HOZ QUINTANO EPPSpain98 % of 4 991 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia84 % of 4 890 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany83 % of 3 664 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania83 % of 4 784 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands82 % of 4 131 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium82 % of 5 290 shared82 %
Ivars IJABS RenewLatvia82 % of 4 302 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland82 % of 4 337 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands82 % of 4 830 shared82 %
Olivier CHASTEL RenewBelgium82 % of 4 990 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania82 % of 4 062 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Special Committee on the European Democracy ShieldEUDS Special committeeMember23 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Mexico Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-MX Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute8 Oct 2024now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeMember16 Dec 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union, including the EU-Morocco, EU-Tunisia and EU-Algeria Joint Parliamentary CommitteesDMAG DelegationVice-chair10 Sept 2025now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember8 Oct 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupChair4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now

Show all 17 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA18 Sept 2026
Mr. Zoido will be rapporteur of a report in the JPC EU-Mexico due to take place next week in MexicoOfficial delegationD-MX16 Sept 2026
dlatOfficial delegationDLAT19 May 2026
N/AOfficial delegationDLAT4 May 2026
Union Approval of the amendment to Article 36 of the 2015 International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table OlivesShadow rapporteurINTA14 Apr 2026
Role of trade in strengthening the EU's economic securityRapporteurINTA23 Jan 2026
Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the People`s Republic of China pursuant to Article XXVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 relating to the modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European UnionShadow rapporteurINTA23 Jan 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA23 Oct 2025
No dossier namedDelegation vice-chairDMAG10 Sept 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDLAT10 Sept 2025

Show all 17 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

45 contributions recorded; 2 on behalf of their group; 65 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Preparation of the European Council (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America - Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026EU-US trade deal (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 41

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
11 Sept 2026Ceuta migrant crisis E-10-2026-003642Written questionwith 3 co-authorsNot yet answered
4 Sept 2026Direct applicability of the regulations comprising the Migration and Asylum Pact P-10-2026-003509Priority written questionwith 4 co-authorsNot yet answered
27 Aug 2026Urgent enhancement of maritime surveillance, European cooperation to tackle the use of high-powered vessels by criminal human and drug trafficking networks E-10-2026-003351Written questionwith 2 co-authorsNot yet answered
10 Jul 2026EU resources in the face of the series of wildfires in Spain P-10-2026-002863Priority written questionwith 2 co-authors4 Aug 2026
9 Jul 2026Document fraud in extraordinary regularisation processes and protecting the integrity of the Schengen area E-10-2026-002850Written questionwith 3 co-authors1 Sept 2026
9 Jul 2026Mass granting of Spanish citizenship by descent, document authenticity and governance of the Schengen area E-10-2026-002849Written questionwith 3 co-authors18 Sept 2026
20 May 2026Huawei equipment purchased in Spain using NextGenerationEU funds E-10-2026-002079Written questionNot yet answered
11 May 2026Improving security at the EU’s southern border in the face of criminal networks E-10-2026-001936Written questionwith 2 co-authors27 Jul 2026
19 Mar 2026Madrid-Málaga high-speed rail corridor: prolonged closure, economic damage and passenger rights E-10-2026-001163Written questionwith 2 co-authors27 May 2026
13 Mar 2026Simplifying cross-border sales in the internal market E-10-2026-001058Written questionwith 21 co-authors26 May 2026

Show all 41 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 63

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
8 Sept 2026on the draft Council decision on the conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Agreement in respect of Gibraltar between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part CJ38-AM-792005 CJ381
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-790968 CJ721
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791873 CJ721
17 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790898 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790964 AGRI9
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790957 AGRI11
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790956 AGRI14
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790958 AGRI9
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI6
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI4

Show all 63 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ”. Member record. memberId 197621. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197621?page=8&scope=final&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197621. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197621?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197621,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197621?page=8&scope=final&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197621?page=8&scope=final&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197621. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197621. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}