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Member

Gerolf ANNEMANS

Patriots · Belgium

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
85.8 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
83.1 %ⓘ of 5 070 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 82.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
Vlaams Belang
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
376 of 4 049 votesⓘ
Committees
AFCO, CULT (substitute)
Member id
124973
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

85.8 %

5 089 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

Patriots median: 91.1 % (−5.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

83.1 %

4 214 of 5 070 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 82.7 % (+0.4 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

9.3 %

376 of 4 049 votes where their group had a clear line

120 opposite (for ↔ against), 206 abstained against the line, 50 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

11.5 %

583 of 5 089 votes cast

Participation 85.8 % — Patriots median 91.1 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Gerolf ANNEMANS85.8 %
Patriots median91.1 %
Lowest in the group44.5 %
Highest in the group99.9 %
Members89
With majority line 83.1 % — Patriots median 82.7 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Gerolf ANNEMANS83.1 %
Patriots median82.7 %
Lowest in the group72.5 %
Highest in the group92.9 %
Members89
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
26 Nov 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 402 for, 250 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Increasing the efficiency of the EU guarantee under the InvestEU Regulation and simplifying reporting requirements Passed 519 for, 65 against, 73 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
26 Nov 2025Collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank Passed 521 for, 110 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2025Draft amending budget No 3/2025: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updates Passed 519 for, 99 against, 45 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 as regards the definition of prohibited weapons Objection failed 88 for, 388 against, 184 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2429 as regards origin labelling for fruit and vegetables originating in the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara Objection failed 359 for, 188 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
26 Nov 20252026 budgetary procedure: joint text Adopted 419 for, 185 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2025EU’s diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic Adopted 510 for, 75 against, 80 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
26 Nov 2025Protection of minors online Adopted 483 for, 92 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Access to finance for SMEs and scale-ups Adopted 360 for, 298 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’) Passed 457 for, 148 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Enhancing police cooperation in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings; enhancing Europol’s support to preventing and combating such crimes Passed 556 for, 74 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified maize DAS1131 Objection passed 453 for, 171 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified cotton MON 88913 Objection passed 452 for, 182 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified oilseed rape MON 88302 Objection passed 456 for, 166 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified soybean MON 87708 Objection passed 453 for, 179 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified maize MON 87427 Objection passed 426 for, 157 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is founded Adopted 415 for, 193 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Ensuring faster registration and uptake of biological control agents Adopted 590 for, 28 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report) Adopted 330 for, 273 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Impact of artificial intelligence on the financial sector Adopted 426 for, 182 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 20252024 budget: assessing the implementation of the gender mainstreaming methodology in the EU budget Adopted 389 for, 213 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Decision to maintain the action before the Court of Justice for the annulment of the decision of the Commission on the withdrawal of the Standard essential patents proposal Adopted 334 for, 294 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 379 for, 248 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction Passed 454 for, 172 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 382 for, 249 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Passed 543 for, 72 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Passed 370 for, 160 against, 107 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025EU-Andorra agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 605 for, 29 against, 0 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-San Marino agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 606 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Monaco agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 610 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Liechtenstein agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 611 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Switzerland agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 605 for, 26 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Consent given 515 for, 93 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Spain and France in relation to natural disasters in 2024 and 2025 Passed 622 for, 10 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Addressing transnational repression of human rights defenders Adopted 512 for, 76 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Rejected 136 for, 432 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore (Resolution) Adopted 572 for, 18 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Gender Equality Strategy 2025 Adopted 310 for, 222 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025Dates of application and transitional provisions for chemical products Passed 441 for, 108 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law) Passed 220 for, 341 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025InvestEU Fund strategic investments in the field of defence Objection failed 124 for, 401 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025Specifying a methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions savings from low-carbon fuels Objection failed 175 for, 374 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025Renewing the EU-Africa partnership: building common priorities ahead of the Angola Summit Adopted 367 for, 98 against, 113 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Resolution adopted 384 for, 202 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Discharge decision adopted 441 for, 125 against, 73 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Discharge decision adopted 476 for, 99 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Adopted 310 for, 277 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Adopted 457 for, 103 against, 72 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Adopted 458 for, 18 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 17 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242319
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249290
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202410
9 Oct 2024180
10 Oct 202440
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129127
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243635
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 2024570
17 Dec 2024130
18 Dec 2024330
19 Dec 2024450
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254545
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253029
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228226
13 Mar 20252423
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251246
3 Apr 20256260
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220218
8 May 20251030
21 May 202522
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258785
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134132
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101100
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256968
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255554
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186181
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267263
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125124
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 2025430
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 2026670
21 Jan 20261120
22 Jan 2026580
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 2026380
11 Feb 2026130
12 Feb 20261410
24 Feb 20264342
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197157
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266967
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225224
29 Apr 2026296294
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127126
18 Jun 20267776
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267271
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124123

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Barbara BONTE PatriotsBelgium98 % of 5 077 shared74 %
Tom VANDENDRIESSCHE PatriotsBelgium98 % of 5 016 shared74 %
Vilis KRIŠTOPANS PatriotsLatvia83 % of 4 644 shared74 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland82 % of 4 404 shared74 %
António TÂNGER CORRÊA PatriotsPortugal82 % of 4 638 shared74 %
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal81 % of 4 842 shared74 %
Tomasz BUCZEK changed group PatriotsPoland81 % of 4 588 shared74 %
Sebastiaan STÖTELER Former memberPatriotsNetherlands81 % of 1 873 shared74 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia81 % of 2 948 shared74 %
Afroditi LATINOPOULOU PatriotsGreece80 % of 4 519 shared74 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance79 % of 4 404 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance78 % of 4 862 shared68 %
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance78 % of 3 945 shared70 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance77 % of 4 315 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance77 % of 4 527 shared68 %
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly75 % of 2 017 shared70 %
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany75 % of 3 934 shared68 %
René AUST ESNGermany74 % of 4 637 shared70 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany74 % of 3 640 shared70 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany74 % of 4 559 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Constitutional AffairsAFCO CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeSubstitute15 Dec 2025now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Armenia Parliamentary Partnership Committee, the EU-Azerbaijan Parliamentary Cooperation Committee and the EU-Georgia Parliamentary Association CommitteeDSCA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary AssemblyDEPA Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeMember21 May 202514 Dec 2025
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202420 May 2025

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Permanent system for the allocation of seats in the European ParliamentShadow rapporteurAFCO6 Jul 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFCO19 Feb 2026
Participating in the mission to Yerevan, Armenia in connection with the 12th Ordinary Session of the Euronest PA, 28-30 October, 2025Official delegationDEPA3 Oct 2025
Institutional aspects of the Report on the future of European Competitiveness (Draghi Report)Shadow rapporteurAFCO16 May 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFCO31 Mar 2025
A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing worldShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFCO17 Feb 2025

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

10 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 14 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
19 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Mar 2026Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
26 Nov 2025Protecting citizens' right to make cash payments and ensuring financial inclusion (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
21 Oct 2025Commission Work Programme 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Sept 2025Implementation of EU-US trade deal and the prospect of wider EU trade agreements (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2025State of play of implementation of the European Media Freedom Act in the Member States (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 2 minRead
18 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Jalali in Iran on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
12 Feb 2025US withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement, the World Health Organisation and the suspension of US development and humanitarian aid (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 Jan 2025Geopolitical and economic implications for the transatlantic relations under the new Trump administration (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
24 Oct 2024Abuse of new technologies to manipulate and radicalise young people through hate speech and antidemocratic discourse (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 10 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 47

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
1 Sept 2026Availability of Commission information in Dutch E-10-2026-003414Written questionNot yet answered
27 Aug 2026The EU’s deadly anti-racism ideology: the death of Henry Nowak E-10-2026-003350Written questionwith 22 co-authorsNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
30 Jun 2026Visit by President von der Leyen to Armenia and respect for the democratic rule of law P-10-2026-002696Priority written question29 Jul 2026
16 Apr 2026Antifa=Terrorists: zero tolerance for political violence in Europe E-10-2026-001569Written questionwith 28 co-authors15 Jun 2026
15 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on EU-funded media attacking Christian symbols while applying double standards B-10-2026-0184Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
9 Apr 2026EU institutional reform: two-speed Europe, unanimity under threat, and the rise of hidden federalism E-10-2026-001466Written questionwith 13 co-authors23 Jul 2026
25 Mar 2026Restoring genuine academic freedom in our universities E-10-2026-001262Written questionwith 27 co-authors22 May 2026
19 Mar 2026Use of the ‘borderline content’ handbook promoted at the EU Internet Forum for moderating lawful political speech E-10-2026-001160Written questionwith 31 co-authors19 May 2026
5 Mar 2026Commission interference: electoral processes inside the EU and political pluralism at risk? E-10-2026-000923Written questionwith 37 co-authors4 May 2026

Show all 47 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 5

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
9 Dec 2025Discharge 2024: General budget of the EU - Commission CULT-AM-781324 CULT4
19 Nov 2025Impact of social media and the online environment on young people CULT-AM-779529 CULT16
1 Oct 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 AFET-AM-778129 AFET1
2 Jun 2025Institutional aspects of the Report on the future of European Competitiveness (Draghi Report) AFCO-AM-774322 AFCO25
25 Feb 2025A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world AFCO-AM-770061 AFCO23

Show all 5 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Gerolf ANNEMANS”. Member record. memberId 124973. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124973?page=7&roles=all&rows=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124973. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124973?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124973,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Gerolf ANNEMANS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124973?page=7&roles=all&rows=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124973?page=7&roles=all&rows=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124973. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124973. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}