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Member

Nicolas BAY

ECR · France

Group
ECR
Country
France
Roll-call participation
90.2 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
76.8 %ⓘ of 5 334 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 91.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
IDL Identité Libertés
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
847 of 4 623 votesⓘ
Committees
INTA (substitute), LIBE
Member id
124760
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

90.2 %

5 348 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

ECR median: 91.6 % (−1.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

76.8 %

4 095 of 5 334 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 91.1 % (−14.4 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

18.3 %

847 of 4 623 votes where their group had a clear line

403 opposite (for ↔ against), 275 abstained against the line, 169 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

7.7 %

414 of 5 348 votes cast

Participation 90.2 % — ECR median 91.6 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Nicolas BAY90.2 %
ECR median91.6 %
Lowest in the group47.1 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members79
With majority line 76.8 % — ECR median 91.1 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Nicolas BAY76.8 %
ECR median91.1 %
Lowest in the group66.8 %
Highest in the group93.7 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
18 Jun 2025The Commission’s 2024 Rule of Law report Adopted 405 for, 210 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Jun 20252023 and 2024 reports on Montenegro Adopted 470 for, 102 against, 77 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
18 Jun 20252023 and 2024 reports on Moldova Adopted 456 for, 118 against, 51 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
17 Jun 2025Amending Regulation (EU) No 228/2013 as regards additional assistance and further flexibility to outermost regions affected by severe natural disasters and in the context of cyclone Chido devastating Mayotte Passed 653 for, 7 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Passed 599 for, 2 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Jun 2025Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine amending the Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine on the carriage of freight by road of 29 June 2022 Consent given 488 for, 137 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union Consent given 583 for, 78 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
17 Jun 2025Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union. Adopted 557 for, 75 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
17 Jun 2025Amendments to Parliament’s Rules of Procedure concerning the declaration of input (Article 8 of Annex I to the Rules of Procedure) Adopted 653 for, 0 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy Adopted 622 for, 24 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Rejected 282 for, 340 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism Passed 564 for, 20 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Modification of customs duties applicable to imports of certain goods originating in or exported from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus Passed 411 for, 100 against, 78 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
22 May 2025Granting equivalence to Moldova and Ukraine for field inspections and seed production Passed 374 for, 176 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
22 May 2025Amendments to the Capital Requirements Regulation as regards securities financing transactions under the net stable funding ratio Passed 436 for, 149 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Euratom Research and Training Programme for the period 2026-2027 complementing Horizon Europe Passed 489 for, 55 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Adopted 260 for, 194 against, 110 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 May 2025CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 Passed 458 for, 101 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 May 2025The protection status of the wolf (Canis lupus) Passed 371 for, 162 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 May 2025The role of gas storage for securing gas supplies ahead of the winter season Passed 425 for, 106 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 May 2025Screening of foreign investments in the Union Passed 378 for, 173 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 May 2025Suspending certain parts of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 as regards imports of Ukrainian products into the European Union Passed 354 for, 147 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 May 2025Genetically modified soybean MON 87705 × MON 87708 × MON 89788 Objection passed 373 for, 150 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 May 2025Violations of religious freedom in Tibet Adopted 478 for, 30 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 May 2025Return of Ukrainian children forcibly transferred and deported by Russia Adopted 516 for, 3 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 May 2025Ninth report on economic and social cohesion Adopted 392 for, 125 against, 55 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 May 2025Competition policy – annual report 2024 Adopted 358 for, 124 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
8 May 2025Banking Union – annual report 2024 Adopted 345 for, 135 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
8 May 2025Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market Adopted 306 for, 80 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Amending of the ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review Urgent procedure agreed 316 for, 291 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Amending of Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 establishing the European Social Fund + (ESF+) as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges Urgent procedure agreed 370 for, 268 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development Funds Discharge decision adopted 412 for, 245 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Parliament Discharge decision adopted 513 for, 119 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Discharge decision adopted 588 for, 62 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union Discharge decision adopted 541 for, 97 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Court of Auditors Discharge decision adopted 630 for, 16 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Economic and Social Committee Discharge decision adopted 538 for, 96 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Committee of the Regions Discharge decision adopted 549 for, 97 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Ombudsman Discharge decision adopted 568 for, 54 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Data Protection Supervisor Discharge decision adopted 564 for, 61 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European External Action Service Discharge decision adopted 519 for, 126 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: European Public Prosecutor’s Office Discharge decision adopted 481 for, 157 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Discharge decision adopted 473 for, 120 against, 64 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025Discharge 2023: Joint Undertakings Discharge decision adopted 513 for, 101 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 May 2025A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world Adopted 317 for, 206 against, 123 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
7 May 2025The European Water Resilience Strategy Adopted 470 for, 81 against, 92 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
7 May 20252023 and 2024 reports on Türkiye Adopted 367 for, 74 against, 188 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
7 May 20252023 and 2024 reports on Serbia Adopted 419 for, 113 against, 88 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
7 May 20252023 and 2024 reports on Kosovo Adopted 353 for, 145 against, 78 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
6 May 2025Amendments to the International Health Regulations contained in the Annex to Resolution WHA77.17 and adopted on 1 June 2024 Consent given 514 for, 126 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 20 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242320
18 Jul 202410
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202420
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 20241290
24 Oct 20241312
13 Nov 202420
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202420
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 2024110
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244544
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254543
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253029
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228224
13 Mar 20252422
31 Mar 202530
1 Apr 20253534
2 Apr 2025251219
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220219
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202522
22 May 20255352
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258787
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256968
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186184
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 20252670
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257574
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125125
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256665
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266766
21 Jan 2026112112
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202610
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202632
26 Mar 20266968
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225225
29 Apr 2026296293
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202643
19 May 202633
20 May 20269695
21 May 20269896
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127125
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 2026720
8 Jul 2026144141
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268079
17 Sept 2026124124

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance98 % of 5 137 shared81 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance98 % of 4 569 shared81 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance98 % of 4 719 shared81 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia79 % of 4 512 shared81 %
Sander SMIT changed group ECRNetherlands77 % of 1 646 shared81 %
Waldemar TOMASZEWSKI ECRLithuania76 % of 3 947 shared81 %
Jaak MADISON ECREstonia76 % of 4 409 shared81 %
Waldemar BUDA ECRPoland75 % of 4 443 shared81 %
Maciej WĄSIK ECRPoland75 % of 5 134 shared81 %
Mariusz KAMIŃSKI ECRPoland75 % of 5 254 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal79 % of 5 099 shared68 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain79 % of 4 772 shared68 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain79 % of 3 893 shared68 %
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain79 % of 5 064 shared68 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain78 % of 5 302 shared68 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain78 % of 4 012 shared68 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain78 % of 4 969 shared68 %
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance78 % of 3 916 shared64 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland78 % of 4 802 shared67 %
Tom VANDENDRIESSCHE PatriotsBelgium78 % of 5 280 shared68 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute7 Oct 2024now
Delegation for relations with Australia and New ZealandDANZ DelegationSubstitute4 Nov 2025now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Central America, including the EU-Central America Association Parliamentary CommitteeDCAM DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union, including the EU-Morocco, EU-Tunisia and EU-Algeria Joint Parliamentary CommitteesDMAG DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyVice-chair3 Oct 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblyVice-chair30 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary AssemblyDEPA Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now

Show all 18 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Monitoring and controlling drug precursors and repealing Regulations (EC) No 273/2004 and (EC) No 111/2005RapporteurINTA13 Apr 2026
Participation à la première Assemblée parlementaire Afrique-UE en tant que Vice-président de la délégation à l'Assemblée parlementaire Afrique-UE.Official delegationDAFR1 Apr 2026
Participation aux réunions de l'Assemblée parlementaire EuroLat à Mexico du 26 au 28 mai 2026 en tant que membre de la Délégation à l'Assemblée parlementaire euro-latino-américaine.Official delegationDLAT1 Apr 2026
Laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuseShadow rapporteurLIBE16 Mar 2026
Conclusion of an Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Lebanon on the cooperation between the European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust) and the authorities of the Republic of Lebanon competent for judicial cooperation in criminal mattersShadow rapporteurLIBE10 Mar 2026
Establishing the Union support for asylum, migration and integration for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteurLIBE7 Jan 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurLIBE11 Nov 2025
Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2016/1036, (EU) 2016/1037, (EU) 2017/1129, (EU) 2023/1542 and (EU) 2024/573 as regards the extension of certain mitigating measures available for small and medium sized enterprises to small mid-cap enterprises and further simplification measuresShadow rapporteur for an opinionINTA3 Nov 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE10 Apr 2025
Proposal for a regulation on measures against transport operators that facilitate or engage in trafficking in persons or smuggling of migrants in relation to illegal entry into the territory of the European Union (2021/0387(COD))RapporteurLIBE17 Dec 2024

Show all 11 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

50 contributions recorded; 9 on behalf of their group; 63 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 78

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0419Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders B-10-2026-0411Motion for a resolutionwith 10 co-authors—
9 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers B-10-2026-0390Motion for a resolutionwith 7 co-authors—
7 Sept 2026Polisario Front E-10-2026-003521Written questionwith 9 co-authorsNot yet answered
3 Sept 2026EU grants for the Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organisations: a flaw in the financial transparency system or a blind eye being turned to a false statement? P-10-2026-003485Priority written questionwith 4 co-authorsNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the spread of Sargassum and its impact on the outermost regions, notably Guadeloupe and Martinique B-10-2026-0372Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
17 Jul 2026Adapting EU energy performance policies in the light of extreme heat episodes O-10-2026-000032Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
11 Jul 2026Increase in the bioethanol blending rate under the Fuel Quality Directive E-10-2026-002866Written questionwith 8 co-authors22 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0351Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0356Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors—

Show all 78 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 39

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 39 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political groups this term

National delegation

  • Delegation France National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Nicolas BAY”. Member record. memberId 124760. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124760?page=10&rows=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124760. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124760?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124760,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Nicolas BAY}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124760?page=10&rows=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124760?page=10&rows=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124760. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124760. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}