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Member

Krzysztof ŚMISZEK

S&D · Poland

Group
S&D
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
87.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
98.5 %ⓘ of 542 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
NL Nowa Lewica
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
6 of 535 votesⓘ
Committees
AFCO (substitute), JURI, LIBE
Member id
257085
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

87.4 %

542 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (−2.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.5 %

534 of 542 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (+1.4 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.1 %

6 of 535 votes where their group had a clear line

5 opposite (for ↔ against), 1 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.1 %

6 of 542 votes cast

Participation 87.4 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Krzysztof ŚMISZEK87.4 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 98.5 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Krzysztof ŚMISZEK98.5 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
21 Jan 2026EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina Agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 565 for, 83 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Final vote on motion B10-0061/2026 225 for, 402 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Jan 2026Air passenger rights Amendments 1 + 243 (voted as one) 632 for, 15 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Jan 2026Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA) Final vote on motion B10-0060/2026Adopted 334 for, 324 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 2, adding text after recital G 499 for, 112 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 4, adding text after recital Ea 212 for, 421 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 1, adding text after recital Ea 589 for, 51 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 12 to paragraph 22 349 for, 287 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 14 543 for, 59 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 10a 205 for, 439 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 9a 194 for, 441 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 9a 207 for, 431 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 8 to paragraph 7a 347 for, 277 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 5 350 for, 277 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 4 169 for, 440 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Murder of Mehdi Kessaci – urgent need for ambitious European action against drug trafficking Amendment 5 to paragraph 3 202 for, 442 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 417 for, 234 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Separate vote on recital M 645 for, 8 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Amendment 1 to recital H 189 for, 461 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Separate vote on recital G 420 for, 198 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Recital F — part 2 428 for, 204 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Separate vote on recital C 645 for, 14 against, 0 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Recital B — part 2 427 for, 212 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 12 198 for, 441 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 5 195 for, 439 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Paragraph 3 — part 3 379 for, 216 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 3 202 for, 445 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Paragraph 2 — part 2 419 for, 193 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Reform of the European Electoral Act – hurdles to ratification and implementation in the Member States Paragraph 2 — part 1 645 for, 12 against, 0 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 444 for, 153 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises Paragraph 10 — part 2 325 for, 290 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Safeguarding and promoting financial stability amid economic uncertainties Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 491 for, 83 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 420 for, 207 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Amendment 10, adding text after recital F 207 for, 425 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Amendment 3 to recital F 187 for, 436 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Amendment 2 to recital E 178 for, 454 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Amendment 1 to recital A 288 for, 294 against, 63 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 10 175 for, 455 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 492 for, 144 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 32, adding text after recital E 190 for, 450 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 31, adding text after recital C 193 for, 464 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Separate vote on citation 2 491 for, 139 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 30 to citation 2 199 for, 445 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 27 to paragraph 41 162 for, 484 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 35 to paragraph 40 124 for, 500 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 26 to paragraph 40 136 for, 487 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendments 25 + 34 (voted as one) to paragraph 37 191 for, 423 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 29 79 for, 561 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 14 81 for, 518 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 Jan 2026The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 14 78 for, 528 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 7 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Robert BIEDROŃ S&DPoland99 % of 5 179 shared93 %
Joanna SCHEURING-WIELGUS S&DPoland99 % of 5 149 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain98 % of 4 801 shared93 %
Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ S&DLithuania97 % of 4 862 shared93 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal97 % of 5 038 shared93 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 664 shared93 %
André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 364 shared93 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 808 shared93 %
Camilla LAURETI S&DItaly97 % of 5 068 shared93 %
Ana Catarina MENDES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 791 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly90 % of 1 757 shared86 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium89 % of 3 674 shared86 %
Pascal CANFIN RenewFrance89 % of 4 635 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia89 % of 4 838 shared86 %
Dainius ŽALIMAS RenewLithuania89 % of 4 873 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia89 % of 4 406 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands89 % of 5 124 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands89 % of 5 184 shared86 %
Martin HOJSÍK RenewSlovakia89 % of 4 669 shared86 %
Bernard GUETTA RenewFrance89 % of 4 524 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Constitutional AffairsAFCO CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with CanadaD-CA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Australia and New ZealandDANZ DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationSubstitute19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember14 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of AnimalsIG10-27 Intergroup / working groupMember8 Jan 2025now

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Towards an EU strategy to protect and strengthen the international justice system and its institutions, mechanisms and partnersShadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI18 Jun 2026
The Institutional Framework of the European Union and its interaction with national authorities in the application of Union law, with particular reference to Article 19 TEUShadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI16 Jun 2026
Conclusion of an agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crimeShadow rapporteurLIBE2 Jun 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE20 Jan 2026
United Nations Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of ShipsShadow rapporteurJURI15 Jan 2026
Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818RapporteurLIBE10 Dec 2025
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Agreement between the European Union and the Kingdom of Norway on the transfer of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute terrorist offences and serious crimeShadow rapporteurLIBE10 Dec 2025
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Agreement between the European Union and Iceland on the transfer of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute terrorist offences and serious crimeShadow rapporteurLIBE10 Dec 2025
Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693Shadow rapporteurJURI6 Nov 2025
Proposal for a Council decision determining, pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Treaty on European Union, the existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is foundedShadow rapporteurLIBE11 Sept 2025

Show all 18 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

27 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 40 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 27 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 90

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026Exclusion of purchases of Russian sable pelts from EU sanctions E-10-2026-003651Written questionwith 13 co-authorsNot yet answered
15 Jul 2026Implementation of Case C-81/24 (Jenec) and protection against extraterritorial sanctions targeting international justice E-10-2026-002968Written questionwith 15 co-authors17 Sept 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
17 Jun 2026Request that the Commission publish evidence pertaining to the non-activation of the Blocking Statute E-10-2026-002520Written questionwith 31 co-authorsNot yet answered
17 Jun 2026Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease under EU public health policy E-10-2026-002516Written questionwith 17 co-authors24 Aug 2026
10 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recruitment of children by organised crime B-10-2026-0275Motion for a resolutionwith 33 co-authors—
4 Jun 2026Regulation (EU) 2025/40 on packaging and packaging waste E-10-2026-002296Written questionwith 2 co-authors21 Aug 2026
4 Jun 2026Revision of Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 and phase-out of CO₂ stunning of pigs E-10-2026-002317Written questionwith 12 co-authors21 Aug 2026
19 May 2026Use of Hungarian public funds for organised activities concerning transnational political influence in the EU democratic space E-10-2026-002058Written questionwith 12 co-authors1 Sept 2026
19 May 2026EU countries’ responsibility for arms transfers to Israel E-10-2026-002059Written questionwith 2 co-authors13 Jul 2026

Show all 90 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 44

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
29 Jun 2026Towards an EU strategy to protect and strengthen the international justice system and its institutions, mechanisms and partners JURI-AM-790243 JURI5
24 Jun 2026Establishing the Union support for internal security for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790119 LIBE15
19 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the ‘AgoraEU’ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790063 CJ652
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790058 CJ6517
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790062 CJ6541
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790061 CJ6532
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790059 CJ6516
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790057 CJ6515
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE5
19 May 2026Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693 CJ03-AM-788926 CJ0333

Show all 44 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
1 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Krzysztof ŚMISZEK”. Member record. memberId 257085. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257085?page=50&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 1 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257085. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257085?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257085,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Krzysztof ŚMISZEK}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257085?page=50&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257085?page=50&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-01},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257085. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257085. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}