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Member

Julien LEONARDELLI

Patriots · France

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
France
Roll-call participation
92.3 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
94.0 %ⓘ of 571 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 80.0 %
More facts (5)
National party
RN Rassemblement national
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
2 of 450 votesⓘ
Committees
REGI (substitute), TRAN
Member id
256895
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

92.3 %

572 of 620 final votes while in office

Patriots median: 90.8 % (+1.5 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

94.0 %

537 of 571 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 80.0 % (+14.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.4 %

2 of 450 votes where their group had a clear line

0 opposite (for ↔ against), 2 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

12.8 %

73 of 572 votes cast

Participation 92.3 % — Patriots median 90.8 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Julien LEONARDELLI92.3 %
Patriots median90.8 %
Lowest in the group44.2 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members89
With majority line 94.0 % — Patriots median 80.0 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Julien LEONARDELLI94.0 %
Patriots median80.0 %
Lowest in the group59.5 %
Highest in the group94.8 %
Members89
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 6, adding text before paragraph 1 163 for, 414 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 5, adding text before paragraph 1 118 for, 512 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 4, adding text before paragraph 1 109 for, 444 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 3, adding text before paragraph 1 46 for, 600 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 737 457 for, 192 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 328 73 for, 556 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 156 519 for, 74 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 334 141 for, 486 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 733 454 for, 141 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 317 180 for, 452 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 316 156 for, 473 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 213 617 for, 32 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 726 570 for, 54 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 315 193 for, 437 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 314 199 for, 422 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 618 195 for, 432 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 313 174 for, 453 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 725 591 for, 49 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 332 87 for, 512 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 309 72 for, 513 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 693 617 for, 22 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholePassed 431 for, 131 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Paragraph 16 — part 2 417 for, 204 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Separate vote on paragraph 14 429 for, 206 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch Final vote — text as a wholePassed 601 for, 47 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Final vote — text as a wholePassed 522 for, 115 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 5 193 for, 455 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Paragraph 4 — part 2 391 for, 201 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Final vote — text as a wholePassed 531 for, 91 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Separate vote on paragraph 6 417 for, 192 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine Final votePassed 518 for, 56 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew Group 158 for, 288 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group 164 for, 319 against, 1 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 540 for, 23 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 59 for, 524 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 5 132 for, 442 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 4 132 for, 374 against, 105 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 495 for, 73 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on recital O 473 for, 114 against, 72 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 2 487 for, 113 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 1 501 for, 65 against, 95 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on paragraph 9 490 for, 114 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 2 — part 2 499 for, 98 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 212 for, 316 against, 134 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 2 456 for, 126 against, 64 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 1 504 for, 89 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 93 for, 526 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 508 for, 53 against, 104 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on recital C 572 for, 46 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 17 542 for, 70 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Anne-Sophie FRIGOUT PatriotsFrance100 % of 4 891 shared74 %
Séverine WERBROUCK PatriotsFrance100 % of 4 726 shared74 %
Marie-Luce BRASIER-CLAIN PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 528 shared74 %
Jean-Paul GARRAUD PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 116 shared74 %
Marie DAUCHY PatriotsFrance100 % of 4 302 shared74 %
Fabrice LEGGERI PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 188 shared74 %
Valérie DELOGE PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 384 shared74 %
Gilles PENNELLE PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 491 shared74 %
Pierre-Romain THIONNET PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 235 shared74 %
Julien SANCHEZ PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 214 shared74 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance78 % of 4 132 shared70 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance78 % of 4 925 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance77 % of 5 313 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance76 % of 4 966 shared68 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance76 % of 4 760 shared68 %
Luis-Vicențiu LAZARUS No groupRomania73 % of 4 668 shared51 %
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany71 % of 4 315 shared68 %
René AUST ESNGermany71 % of 5 057 shared70 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany71 % of 4 088 shared70 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany70 % of 5 010 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Regional DevelopmentREGI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Transport and TourismTRAN CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-TR Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute12 Dec 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countriesDMAS DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on DemographyIG10-09 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Jan 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Mission EswatiniOfficial delegationDAFR5 May 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationTRAN18 Mar 2026
Délégation du PE au comité de conciliation sur les droits des passagers aériens 2013/0072(COD)Trilogue negotiator11 Mar 2026
Enhancing connectivity, preserving cultural heritage and driving local excellence in European tourism – destination management and regional tourism growthShadow rapporteurTRAN25 Nov 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationREGI9 Jul 2025
Registration documents for vehicles and vehicle registration data recorded in national vehicle registersShadow rapporteurTRAN23 Jun 2025
Mission de la commission TRAN à Marseille du 28 octobre au 30 octobreOfficial delegation11 Sept 2024

Show all 7 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

36 contributions recorded; 8 on behalf of their group; 47 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
6 Jul 2026Air passenger rights (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026The resilience of the European transport sector and the need to ensure the supply of essential goods amid ongoing geopolitical instability (debate) SpeechRead
17 Jun 2026The resilience of the European transport sector and the need to ensure the supply of essential goods amid ongoing geopolitical instability (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Recent proposals to fight poverty in the EU (debate) SpeechRead
20 May 2026Recent proposals to fight poverty in the EU (debate) SpeechRead
20 May 2026Recent proposals to fight poverty in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Jan 2026Drones and new systems of warfare – the EU’s need to adapt to be fit for today’s security challenges (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Dec 2025Condemnation of the terrorist attack against the Hanukkah celebrations in Sydney and solidarity with the victims and their families (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
15 Dec 2025Breeders' protests following a lumpy-skin-disease outbreak in France: implications of the EU approach on sanitary and on animal health (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 36 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 93

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
9 Sept 2026The 28th regime/EU Inc.: can the Commission guarantee the soundness of its legal basis? P-10-2026-003589Priority written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
7 Sept 2026Polisario Front E-10-2026-003521Written questionwith 9 co-authorsNot yet answered
10 Aug 2026Putting an end to AdBlue-related fire engine breakdowns E-10-2026-003245Written questionwith 13 co-authorsNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the spread of Sargassum and its impact on the outermost regions, notably Guadeloupe and Martinique B-10-2026-0372Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
20 Jul 2026Difficulties in interpreting Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 resulting from the concept of ‘week’ E-10-2026-003059Written questionwith 7 co-authors18 Sept 2026
17 Jul 2026Adapting EU energy performance policies in the light of extreme heat episodes O-10-2026-000032Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
15 Jul 2026Automotive industry turning more and more to temporary workers, and protection of those workers E-10-2026-002959Written questionwith 7 co-authorsNot yet answered
28 Apr 2026War in the Strait of Hormuz: measures to shield European agriculture from rising fertiliser prices O-10-2026-000022Oral questionwith 36 co-authorsNot yet answered
22 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the urgent need for access to drinking water and sanitation in the outermost regions B-10-2026-0188Motion for a resolutionwith 13 co-authors—
14 Apr 2026Genetically modified organisms: prohibited from production, but authorised for import E-10-2026-001511Written questionwith 10 co-authors22 Jun 2026

Show all 93 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 27

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
1 Jul 2026Connecting Europe through high-speed rail TRAN-AM-790790 TRAN14
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-789892 CJ4643
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-790087 CJ4648
18 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-789893 CJ465
12 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC TRAN-AM-789087 TRAN65
4 Mar 2026Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 REGI-AM-785286 REGI6
28 Jan 2026Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2014/45/EU on periodic roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers and Directive 2014/47/EU on the technical roadside inspection of the roadworthiness of commercial vehicles circulating in the Union TRAN-AM-782201 TRAN3
21 Jan 2026Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2014/45/EU on periodic roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers and Directive 2014/47/EU on the technical roadside inspection of the roadworthiness of commercial vehicles circulating in the Union TRAN-AM-782354 TRAN71
20 Jan 2026Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the registration documents for vehicles and vehicle registration data recorded in national vehicle registers and repealing Council Directive 1999/37/EC TRAN-AM-782324 TRAN4
10 Dec 2025Enhancing connectivity, preserving cultural heritage and driving local excellence in European tourism – destination management and regional tourism growth TRAN-AM-781370 TRAN6

Show all 27 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation France National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Julien LEONARDELLI”. Member record. memberId 256895. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256895?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256895. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256895?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256895,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Julien LEONARDELLI}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256895?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256895?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256895. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256895. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}