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Member

Christian DOLESCHAL

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
86.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
97.2 %ⓘ of 538 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
CSU Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e.V.
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
11 of 504 votesⓘ
Committees
IMCO (vice-chair), REGI
Member id
197473
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

86.8 %

538 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−3.8 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.2 %

523 of 538 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+1.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.2 %

11 of 504 votes where their group had a clear line

6 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.3 %

7 of 538 votes cast

Participation 86.8 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Christian DOLESCHAL86.8 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 97.2 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Christian DOLESCHAL97.2 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
26 Nov 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 402 for, 250 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Increasing the efficiency of the EU guarantee under the InvestEU Regulation and simplifying reporting requirements Passed 519 for, 65 against, 73 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank Passed 521 for, 110 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Draft amending budget No 3/2025: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updates Passed 519 for, 99 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 as regards the definition of prohibited weapons Objection failed 88 for, 388 against, 184 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2429 as regards origin labelling for fruit and vegetables originating in the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara Objection failed 359 for, 188 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 20252026 budgetary procedure: joint text Adopted 419 for, 185 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025EU’s diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic Adopted 510 for, 75 against, 80 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Protection of minors online Adopted 483 for, 92 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Access to finance for SMEs and scale-ups Adopted 360 for, 298 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’) Passed 457 for, 148 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Enhancing police cooperation in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings; enhancing Europol’s support to preventing and combating such crimes Passed 556 for, 74 against, 7 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified maize DAS1131 Objection passed 453 for, 171 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified cotton MON 88913 Objection passed 452 for, 182 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified oilseed rape MON 88302 Objection passed 456 for, 166 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified soybean MON 87708 Objection passed 453 for, 179 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified maize MON 87427 Objection passed 426 for, 157 against, 17 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025Existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is founded Adopted 415 for, 193 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Ensuring faster registration and uptake of biological control agents Adopted 590 for, 28 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report) Adopted 330 for, 273 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Impact of artificial intelligence on the financial sector Adopted 426 for, 182 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 20252024 budget: assessing the implementation of the gender mainstreaming methodology in the EU budget Adopted 389 for, 213 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
25 Nov 2025Decision to maintain the action before the Court of Justice for the annulment of the decision of the Commission on the withdrawal of the Standard essential patents proposal Adopted 334 for, 294 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 379 for, 248 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction Passed 454 for, 172 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 382 for, 249 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Passed 543 for, 72 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Passed 370 for, 160 against, 107 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Andorra agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 605 for, 29 against, 0 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-San Marino agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 606 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Monaco agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 610 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Liechtenstein agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 611 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Switzerland agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 605 for, 26 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Consent given 515 for, 93 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Spain and France in relation to natural disasters in 2024 and 2025 Passed 622 for, 10 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Addressing transnational repression of human rights defenders Adopted 512 for, 76 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Rejected 136 for, 432 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore (Resolution) Adopted 572 for, 18 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Gender Equality Strategy 2025 Adopted 310 for, 222 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025Dates of application and transitional provisions for chemical products Passed 441 for, 108 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law) Passed 220 for, 341 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025InvestEU Fund strategic investments in the field of defence Objection failed 124 for, 401 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025Specifying a methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions savings from low-carbon fuels Objection failed 175 for, 374 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025Renewing the EU-Africa partnership: building common priorities ahead of the Angola Summit Adopted 367 for, 98 against, 113 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Resolution adopted 384 for, 202 against, 58 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Discharge decision adopted 441 for, 125 against, 73 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Discharge decision adopted 476 for, 99 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Adopted 310 for, 277 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Adopted 457 for, 103 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Adopted 458 for, 18 against, 84 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 8 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany98 % of 3 199 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany98 % of 3 737 shared89 %
Oliver SCHENK EPPGermany98 % of 4 805 shared89 %
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany98 % of 4 456 shared89 %
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany98 % of 4 005 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany98 % of 4 321 shared89 %
Ralf SEEKATZ EPPGermany98 % of 4 426 shared89 %
Marion WALSMANN EPPGermany98 % of 4 745 shared89 %
Stefan KÖHLER EPPGermany98 % of 4 411 shared89 %
Lena DÜPONT EPPGermany98 % of 4 099 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia88 % of 4 526 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania87 % of 4 340 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium87 % of 4 697 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany87 % of 4 773 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany87 % of 3 520 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania87 % of 3 543 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands87 % of 3 590 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany87 % of 4 825 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland87 % of 3 734 shared82 %
Svenja HAHN RenewGermany87 % of 4 501 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on Regional DevelopmentREGI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with IndiaD-IN DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Cohesion Policy and Outermost RegionsIG10-08 Intergroup / working groupMember25 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Resilience, Disaster Management and Civil ProtectionIG10-19 Intergroup / working groupMember17 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on Sky and SpaceIG10-21 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)IG10-22 Intergroup / working groupMember12 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember30 Jan 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationREGI13 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationIMCO27 Mar 2025
Delegationsreise, Südafrika, Kapstadt (28. interparlamentarischer Austausch)Official delegation10 Feb 2025
2024/2103(INI)Shadow rapporteurIMCO14 Jan 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionREGI5 Nov 2024
No dossier namedCommittee vice-chairIMCO22 Jul 2024

Show all 6 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

7 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 13 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
14 Sept 2026Public Procurement Act (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
20 May 2026High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate) Speech · 2 minRead
8 Sept 2025Public procurement (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
16 Jun 2025Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
21 May 2025Single Market Strategy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
1 Apr 2025Improving the implementation of cohesion policy through the mid-term review to achieve a robust cohesion policy post 2027 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 Oct 2024A stronger Europe for safer products to better protect consumers and tackle unfair competition: boosting EU oversight in e-commerce and imports (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 7 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 14

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
17 Sept 2026Effects on the single market of Germany’s Act on Data and Digital Innovation in Healthcare (GeDIG) P-10-2026-003738Priority written questionNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026Energy Performance of Buildings Directive E-10-2026-003113Written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
9 Jun 2026Planned ban on PFAS chemicals and impact on the food processing industry E-10-2026-002369Written questionwith 3 co-authors31 Jul 2026
1 Jun 2026Governance and measurability in the context of COM(2026)0380 P-10-2026-002214Priority written question9 Jul 2026
6 May 2026Practical feasibility of labelling requirements for secondary and tertiary reusable packaging under Articles 12 and 15(8) PPWR E-10-2026-001856Written questionwith 12 co-authors10 Jul 2026
29 Apr 2026Implementation and measurability of cutting red tape in the context of COM(2026)0380 P-10-2026-001751Priority written question28 May 2026
20 Mar 2026Implementation of Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 and delays in the publication of European Assessment Documents E-10-2026-001171Written question13 May 2026
10 Mar 2026German Bundeskartellamt inquiry into Amazon pricing practices E-10-2026-000989Written questionwith 24 co-authors5 May 2026
14 Jan 2026Strengthening Europe’s printed circuit boards & electronics production E-10-2026-000120Written questionwith 15 co-authors24 Mar 2026
19 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protection of EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materials B-10-2025-0500Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors—

Show all 14 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 90

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Sept 2026Establishing the European Fund for Regional Development including for European Territorial Cooperation (Interreg) and the Cohesion Fund as part of the Fund set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRP] and establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to regional development from 2028 to 2034 REGI-AM-792057 REGI9
10 Sept 2026on the proposal for a Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council ITRE-AM-790812 ITRE39
7 Sept 2026Establishing the European Fund for Regional Development including for European Territorial Cooperation (Interreg) and the Cohesion Fund as part of the Fund set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRP] and establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to regional development from 2028 to 2034 REGI-AM-792058 REGI13
27 Aug 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strengthening territorial resilience and cross-border cooperation REGI-AM-791869 REGI2
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791874 CJ728
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791873 CJ7210
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-790967 CJ723
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791073 CJ7210
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791072 CJ725
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy – the driving force in implementing the EU agenda for cities REGI-AM-791872 REGI1

Show all 90 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Christian DOLESCHAL”. Member record. memberId 197473. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197473?page=7&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197473. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197473?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197473,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Christian DOLESCHAL}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197473?page=7&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197473?page=7&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197473. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197473. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}