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Member

Paulo CUNHA

EPP · Portugal

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Portugal
Roll-call participation
98.1 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
97.4 %ⓘ of 608 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PSD Partido Social Democrata
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
9 of 565 votesⓘ
Committees
CONT (substitute), ITRE (substitute), LIBE, PETI (substitute)
Member id
257078
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

98.1 %

608 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (+7.5 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.4 %

592 of 608 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+1.8 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.6 %

9 of 565 votes where their group had a clear line

5 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.0 %

6 of 608 votes cast

Participation 98.1 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Paulo CUNHA98.1 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 97.4 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Paulo CUNHA97.4 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 56 — part 2 481 for, 112 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 141 to paragraph 56 306 for, 313 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 49 — part 4 369 for, 269 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 49 — part 3 386 for, 214 against, 64 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 49 — part 2 373 for, 275 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 49 — part 1 398 for, 249 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 133 to paragraph 49 206 for, 442 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 140 to paragraph 49 219 for, 428 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 85 to paragraph 49 263 for, 374 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 132, adding text after paragraph 44 463 for, 169 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 131 to paragraph 33 198 for, 444 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 130 to paragraph 31 187 for, 456 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 119, adding text after paragraph 24 310 for, 341 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 84, adding text after paragraph 24 216 for, 406 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 24 183 for, 451 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 137 to paragraph 18 115 for, 531 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 2 494 for, 134 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 1 459 for, 120 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 79 to paragraph 13 113 for, 517 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 77 to paragraph 11 49 for, 548 against, 65 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 2 113 for, 483 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 1 230 for, 424 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 1 to paragraph 10 79 for, 541 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 9 489 for, 108 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 125 to paragraph 9 90 for, 534 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 73, adding text after paragraph 7 224 for, 355 against, 88 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 70, adding text after paragraph 4 512 for, 84 against, 73 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 69 to paragraph 2 112 for, 488 against, 59 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 68, adding text after paragraph 1 81 for, 567 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 66, adding text after paragraph 1 85 for, 517 against, 63 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 65 — part 2 of 2 448 for, 169 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 65 — part 1 of 2 237 for, 416 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 378 for, 188 against, 105 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Separate vote on recital Z 403 for, 237 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 26 to recital U 75 for, 533 against, 58 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 13, adding text after recital Q 92 for, 554 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 12 to recital Q 141 for, 464 against, 70 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 24, adding text after recital L 237 for, 340 against, 95 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 21, adding text after recital L 243 for, 353 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 9 to paragraph 97, indent 3 242 for, 404 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 87 566 for, 36 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 65 to paragraph 81 349 for, 288 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 55, adding text after paragraph 76 273 for, 344 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 76 127 for, 480 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 1 to paragraph 76 265 for, 254 against, 146 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 64 to paragraph 76 230 for, 320 against, 125 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 53 to paragraph 76 266 for, 324 against, 88 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 164 to paragraph 74 194 for, 472 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 70 133 for, 450 against, 77 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 70 — part 2 410 for, 238 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 2 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Sérgio HUMBERTO EPPPortugal98 % of 5 618 shared89 %
Paulo DO NASCIMENTO CABRAL EPPPortugal98 % of 5 122 shared89 %
Sebastião BUGALHO EPPPortugal97 % of 5 246 shared89 %
Lídia PEREIRA EPPPortugal97 % of 5 230 shared89 %
Hélder SOUSA SILVA EPPPortugal97 % of 4 940 shared89 %
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany96 % of 4 581 shared89 %
Rasa JUKNEVIČIENĖ EPPLithuania95 % of 4 750 shared89 %
Willemien KONING EPPNetherlands95 % of 1 888 shared89 %
Siegfried MUREŞAN EPPRomania95 % of 5 540 shared89 %
Mircea-Gheorghe HAVA EPPRomania95 % of 4 552 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia87 % of 5 195 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania87 % of 5 089 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium86 % of 5 612 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany86 % of 3 920 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland86 % of 4 571 shared82 %
Olivier CHASTEL RenewBelgium86 % of 5 238 shared82 %
Elsi KATAINEN RenewFinland86 % of 5 667 shared82 %
Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON RenewFinland86 % of 5 145 shared82 %
Ilhan KYUCHYUK RenewBulgaria85 % of 5 392 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany85 % of 5 612 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Budgetary ControlCONT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Central America, including the EU-Central America Association Parliamentary CommitteeDCAM DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute24 Jul 2025now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblySubstitute24 Jul 2025now
Intergroup on Attracting Investment to Ensure a Competitive and Sustainable European UnionIG10-03 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now

Show all 14 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE9 Sept 2026
Discharge 2025: General budget of the EU - European ParliamentShadow rapporteurCONT7 Sept 2026
Partial renewal of Members of the Court of Auditors - AT nomineeRapporteurCONT24 Jun 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurPETI4 May 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationPETI22 Apr 2026
On the adoption of the Research Programme of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, on the multiannual technical guidelines for this programme, on the multiannual financial guidelines for managing the assets of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, and repealing Decisions 2003/77/EC and 2008/376/ECShadow rapporteurITRE10 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationCONT25 Mar 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE3 Mar 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of LawRapporteurLIBE20 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE14 Jul 2025

Show all 15 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

54 contributions recorded; 71 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 25

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
28 Jul 2026Spectrum renewal in Portugal – compatibility with the Digital Networks Act and the Draghi report E-10-2026-003157Written questionNot yet answered
29 May 2026Implementing the fifth freedom of movement in the internal market: research, innovation, data and knowledge E-10-2026-002190Written questionwith 3 co-authors7 Aug 2026
29 May 2026Follow-up to the EIOPA/ESM proposal for a European risk-sharing mechanism for natural disasters E-10-2026-002189Written questionwith 3 co-authors27 Jul 2026
23 Mar 2026EU support for Mozambique P-10-2026-001206Priority written questionwith 7 co-authors9 Jun 2026
6 Feb 2026Russian proximity operations and EU satellite communications security E-10-2026-000481Written questionwith 6 co-authors17 Jul 2026
1 Feb 2026Mechanisms to address the impact of Storm Kristin in Portugal P-10-2026-000402Priority written questionwith 5 co-authors18 Mar 2026
4 Dec 2025Evaluation of the Council Directive on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation (DAC) E-10-2025-004813Written questionwith 1 co-author12 Feb 2026
19 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protection of EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materials B-10-2025-0500Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors—
12 Nov 2025Transposition of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) E-10-2025-004497Written question4 Feb 2026
20 Oct 2025Systematic violence against Christians in Nigeria E-10-2025-004121Written questionwith 29 co-authors8 Dec 2025

Show all 25 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 51

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791883 CJ721
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791873 CJ726
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791072 CJ721
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-790967 CJ722
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI17
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI11
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790954 AGRI7
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790955 AGRI8
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790956 AGRI14
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790957 AGRI10

Show all 51 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Portugal National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
29 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Paulo CUNHA”. Member record. memberId 257078. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257078?page=97&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 29 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257078. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257078?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257078,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Paulo CUNHA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257078?page=97&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257078?page=97&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-29},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257078. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257078. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}