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Member

Marc JONGEN

ESN · Germany

Group
ESN
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
88.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
97.6 %ⓘ of 547 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 93.9 %
More facts (5)
National party
AfD Alternative für Deutschland
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
10 of 529 votesⓘ
Committees
CULT (substitute), DEVE, ENVI
Member id
256942
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

88.4 %

548 of 620 final votes while in office

ESN median: 90.8 % (−2.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.6 %

534 of 547 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 93.9 % (+3.7 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.9 %

10 of 529 votes where their group had a clear line

3 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

14.2 %

78 of 548 votes cast

Participation 88.4 % — ESN median 90.8 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Marc JONGEN88.4 %
ESN median90.8 %
Lowest in the group65.8 %
Highest in the group97.7 %
Members27
With majority line 97.6 % — ESN median 93.9 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Marc JONGEN97.6 %
ESN median93.9 %
Lowest in the group64.4 %
Highest in the group99.3 %
Members27
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 48 to paragraph 82 202 for, 438 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 81 158 for, 438 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 46 to paragraph 80 147 for, 494 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 14 to paragraph 75 251 for, 304 against, 104 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 58 201 for, 419 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 41 to paragraph 53 201 for, 444 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 40, adding text after paragraph 46 205 for, 439 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 15 to paragraph 44 306 for, 323 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 39 to paragraph 43 196 for, 440 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 38, adding text after paragraph 31 212 for, 442 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 35 to paragraph 29 206 for, 438 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Paragraph 21 — part 2 527 for, 115 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Paragraph 21 — part 1 513 for, 135 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 32 to paragraph 12 133 for, 445 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 31 to paragraph 11 130 for, 447 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 29, adding text after paragraph 7 199 for, 451 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 1 138 for, 443 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Final vote — text as a wholeDischarge decision adopted 418 for, 207 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 253 196 for, 441 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 45 to paragraph 253 187 for, 453 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 28 to paragraph 247, after point iv 179 for, 384 against, 89 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 237 200 for, 440 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 226 199 for, 402 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 56 to paragraph 202 164 for, 409 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Paragraph 177, point vii — part 2 446 for, 193 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 53 to paragraph 173 237 for, 405 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 172 355 for, 263 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 51 to paragraph 171 268 for, 373 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 40 to paragraph 160, after point vii 362 for, 269 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 39 to paragraph 120, after point vii 198 for, 441 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 50 to paragraph 117 198 for, 445 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 108 198 for, 440 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 86 205 for, 441 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 81 190 for, 443 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 35 to paragraph 68 154 for, 455 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Separate vote on paragraph 56 367 for, 265 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 47 142 for, 494 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Paragraph 46 — part 2 364 for, 262 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 49 to paragraph 20, point x 209 for, 430 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 48 to paragraph 20, point vii 238 for, 409 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 47 to paragraph 20, point vi 199 for, 448 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 15 194 for, 451 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 15 217 for, 433 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 14 203 for, 442 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 14 200 for, 439 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 3 to paragraph 14 179 for, 464 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 13 211 for, 437 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 32 to paragraph 13 204 for, 444 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 11 175 for, 446 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission Amendment 36 to paragraph 9 214 for, 378 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 12 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine ANDERSON ESNGermany99 % of 4 976 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany99 % of 5 117 shared80 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany99 % of 4 829 shared80 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany98 % of 3 853 shared80 %
Alexander SELL ESNGermany98 % of 4 807 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany98 % of 4 897 shared80 %
Arno BAUSEMER ESNGermany98 % of 4 591 shared80 %
Petr BYSTRON ESNGermany97 % of 4 544 shared80 %
Siegbert Frank DROESE ESNGermany97 % of 4 835 shared80 %
Mary KHAN ESNGermany97 % of 4 826 shared80 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany98 % of 229 shared49 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance77 % of 4 566 shared64 %
Gerald HAUSER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 017 shared70 %
Petra STEGER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 128 shared70 %
Georg MAYER PatriotsAustria77 % of 4 446 shared70 %
Roman HAIDER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 261 shared70 %
Elisabeth DIERINGER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 268 shared70 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland76 % of 1 356 shared70 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance76 % of 5 062 shared64 %
Harald VILIMSKY PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 128 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on DevelopmentDEVE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-UK Parliamentary Partnership AssemblyD-UK Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)DASE DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Caribbean-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDCAB Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 10 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsDROI15 Sept 2026
Role of EU development cooperation in combating all dimensions of child poverty in developing countriesShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
Need for a long-term EU development cooperation strategy to face challenges in education in developing countriesShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
A compass for Global Gateway in a world of crises - further guidance for core instruments, flagship projects and the Team Europe approachShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
EU Gender Action Plan IV – priorities for gender equality and women’s rights in external actionShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
Situation of international law and the risks to multilateralism, democracy and the European UnionShadow rapporteur for an opinionDEVE9 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE9 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDROI16 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE25 Jun 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE17 Jun 2026

Show all 39 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

38 contributions recorded; 17 on behalf of their group; 54 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 3 minRead
18 Jun 2026Joint Declaration on ‘Culture for Europe - Europe for Culture’ (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 May 2026The Union’s preparedness for and response to health emergencies: the case of the MV Hondius and the hantavirus warning (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 May 2026The Union’s preparedness for and response to health emergencies: the case of the MV Hondius and the hantavirus warning (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026Global Gateway – past impacts and future orientation (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
12 Mar 2026Prevention and treatment of obesity (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
11 Feb 2026International Day of Education, fighting inequalities in access to education (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
10 Feb 2026Extreme weather events in particular in Portugal, southern Italy, Malta and Greece: European response in strengthening readiness, preparedness and solidarity mechanisms (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
21 Jan 2026Restoring control of migration: returns, visa policy and third-country cooperation (topical debate) Speech · 2 minRead
18 Dec 2025European Democracy Shield – very large online platform algorithms, foreign interference and the spread of disinformation (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 38 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 40

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
27 Aug 2026The EU’s deadly anti-racism ideology: the death of Henry Nowak E-10-2026-003350Written questionwith 22 co-authorsNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0347Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0360Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0352Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
16 Jun 2026Ramifications of the fraud scandal at the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) in Yemen E-10-2026-002477Written question24 Aug 2026
11 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on politically motivated banking B-10-2026-0283Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
31 May 2026Unacceptable raising of the LGBTQI flag on the Commission building E-10-2026-002196Written questionwith 13 co-authors27 Aug 2026
30 Apr 2026Concerns about the EU’s new age verification app E-10-2026-001771Written questionwith 10 co-authors6 Jul 2026
15 Apr 2026EU funding of Euronews – transparency, oversight and editorial independence E-10-2026-001546Written questionwith 4 co-authors22 Jun 2026

Show all 40 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 73

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
10 Sept 2026Amending Directives 2001/18/EC and 2010/53/EU as regards the placing on the market of genetically modified micro-organisms and the processing of organs CJ64-AM-792139 CJ644
10 Sept 2026Amending Directives 2001/18/EC and 2010/53/EU as regards the placing on the market of genetically modified micro-organisms and the processing of organs CJ64-AM-792138 CJ648
23 Jul 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110 ENVI-AM-791125 ENVI59
23 Jul 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110 ENVI-AM-791124 ENVI40
22 Jul 2026Amending Decision (EU) 2015/1814 as regards ceasing the invalidation of allowances in the market stability reserve ENVI-AM-791122 ENVI11
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI8
10 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789913 ENVI1
2 Jul 2026on the general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 DEVE-AM-790761 DEVE3
26 Jun 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) ENVI-AM-790222 ENVI43
26 Jun 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) ENVI-AM-790221 ENVI12

Show all 73 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
29 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Marc JONGEN”. Member record. memberId 256942. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256942?page=29&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 29 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256942. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256942?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256942,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Marc JONGEN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256942?page=29&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256942?page=29&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-29},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256942. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256942. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}