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Member

Jean-Marc GERMAIN

S&D · France

Group
S&D
Country
France
Roll-call participation
89.6 %ⓘ of 2 891 roll calls in office · chamber median 91.2 % · 2025, roll calls
With majority line
96.2 %ⓘ of 2 589 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 96.5 %
More facts (5)
National party
PS Parti socialiste
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
95 of 2 573 votesⓘ
Committees
BUDG, INTA, TRAN (substitute)
Member id
256901
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

89.6 %

2 590 of 2 891 roll calls while in office

S&D median: 90.0 % (−0.4 pts)

Chamber median: 91.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

96.2 %

2 490 of 2 589 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 96.5 % (−0.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

3.7 %

95 of 2 573 votes where their group had a clear line

59 opposite (for ↔ against), 26 abstained against the line, 10 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

2.5 %

66 of 2 590 votes cast

Participation 89.6 % — S&D median 90.0 %, 136 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 136 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Jean-Marc GERMAIN89.6 %
S&D median90.0 %
Lowest in the group54.5 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members136
With majority line 96.2 % — S&D median 96.5 %, 136 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 136 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Jean-Marc GERMAIN96.2 %
S&D median96.5 %
Lowest in the group80.8 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members136
  • 2025, 2 891 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
26 Nov 2025Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders Passed 402 for, 250 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
26 Nov 2025Increasing the efficiency of the EU guarantee under the InvestEU Regulation and simplifying reporting requirements Passed 519 for, 65 against, 73 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank Passed 521 for, 110 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Draft amending budget No 3/2025: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updates Passed 519 for, 99 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 as regards the definition of prohibited weapons Objection failed 88 for, 388 against, 184 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
26 Nov 2025Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2429 as regards origin labelling for fruit and vegetables originating in the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara Objection failed 359 for, 188 against, 76 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 20252026 budgetary procedure: joint text Adopted 419 for, 185 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025EU’s diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic Adopted 510 for, 75 against, 80 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Protection of minors online Adopted 483 for, 92 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
26 Nov 2025Access to finance for SMEs and scale-ups Adopted 360 for, 298 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
25 Nov 2025European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’) Passed 457 for, 148 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Enhancing police cooperation in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings; enhancing Europol’s support to preventing and combating such crimes Passed 556 for, 74 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified maize DAS1131 Objection passed 453 for, 171 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified cotton MON 88913 Objection passed 452 for, 182 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified oilseed rape MON 88302 Objection passed 456 for, 166 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified soybean MON 87708 Objection passed 453 for, 179 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Genetically modified maize MON 87427 Objection passed 426 for, 157 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is founded Adopted 415 for, 193 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Ensuring faster registration and uptake of biological control agents Adopted 590 for, 28 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report) Adopted 330 for, 273 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Impact of artificial intelligence on the financial sector Adopted 426 for, 182 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 20252024 budget: assessing the implementation of the gender mainstreaming methodology in the EU budget Adopted 389 for, 213 against, 36 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
25 Nov 2025Decision to maintain the action before the Court of Justice for the annulment of the decision of the Commission on the withdrawal of the Standard essential patents proposal Adopted 334 for, 294 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Framework for achieving climate neutrality Passed 379 for, 248 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction Passed 454 for, 172 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Passed 382 for, 249 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Passed 543 for, 72 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Passed 370 for, 160 against, 107 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Andorra agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 605 for, 29 against, 0 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-San Marino agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 606 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Monaco agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 610 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Liechtenstein agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 611 for, 26 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025EU-Switzerland agreement on the automatic exchange of financial account information: Amending Protocol Passed 605 for, 26 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Consent given 515 for, 93 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
13 Nov 2025Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Spain and France in relation to natural disasters in 2024 and 2025 Passed 622 for, 10 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Addressing transnational repression of human rights defenders Adopted 512 for, 76 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Rejected 136 for, 432 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore (Resolution) Adopted 572 for, 18 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Gender Equality Strategy 2025 Adopted 310 for, 222 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2025Dates of application and transitional provisions for chemical products Passed 441 for, 108 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
23 Oct 2025Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law) Passed 220 for, 341 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025InvestEU Fund strategic investments in the field of defence Objection failed 124 for, 401 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025Specifying a methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions savings from low-carbon fuels Objection failed 175 for, 374 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2025Renewing the EU-Africa partnership: building common priorities ahead of the Angola Summit Adopted 367 for, 98 against, 113 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Resolution adopted 384 for, 202 against, 58 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Discharge decision adopted 441 for, 125 against, 73 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Discharge decision adopted 476 for, 99 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Adopted 310 for, 277 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Adopted 457 for, 103 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Adopted 458 for, 18 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 51 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Eric SARGIACOMO S&DFrance97 % of 5 045 shared93 %
Raphaël GLUCKSMANN S&DFrance97 % of 4 803 shared93 %
Murielle LAURENT S&DFrance97 % of 4 897 shared93 %
Aurore LALUCQ S&DFrance97 % of 4 267 shared93 %
Thomas PELLERIN-CARLIN S&DFrance97 % of 5 183 shared93 %
Christophe CLERGEAU S&DFrance97 % of 4 514 shared93 %
Emma RAFOWICZ S&DFrance97 % of 3 817 shared93 %
Nora MEBAREK S&DFrance97 % of 4 792 shared93 %
Pierre JOUVET S&DFrance97 % of 4 558 shared93 %
Claire FITA S&DFrance97 % of 4 274 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia87 % of 4 488 shared86 %
Kim VAN SPARRENTAK GreensNetherlands87 % of 4 911 shared83 %
Catarina VIEIRA GreensNetherlands87 % of 4 897 shared83 %
Veronika CIFROVÁ OSTRIHOŇOVÁ RenewSlovakia87 % of 4 251 shared86 %
Terry REINTKE GreensGermany87 % of 4 867 shared83 %
Bas EICKHOUT Former memberGreensNetherlands87 % of 4 200 shared83 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium87 % of 3 776 shared86 %
Pascal CANFIN RenewFrance87 % of 4 699 shared86 %
Maria OHISALO GreensFinland87 % of 4 565 shared83 %
Lukas SIEPER changed group RenewGermany86 % of 4 862 shared49 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on BudgetsBUDG CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember15 Dec 2025now
Committee on Transport and TourismTRAN CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Mexico Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-MX Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Attracting Investment to Ensure a Competitive and Sustainable European UnionIG10-03 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Fighting against PovertyIG10-12 Intergroup / working groupMember24 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Sky and SpaceIG10-21 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
This DACI concerns my participation in the following mission: the Interparliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance in the EU (IPC- SECG) in Dublin, Ireland on 24-25 September 2026. Reference ECON/10/06643Official delegation14 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationBUDG21 May 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/009 BE/SoliverShadow rapporteurBUDG11 May 2026
Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Liberia on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade in timber products to the European UnionShadow rapporteurINTA19 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationINTA5 Mar 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium - EGF/2025/007 BE/CasaShadow rapporteurBUDG24 Feb 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium - EGF/2025/004 BE/TupperwareRapporteurBUDG27 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteurBUDG19 Jan 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesRapporteurBUDG13 Jan 2026
Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Liberia on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade in timber products to the European UnionShadow rapporteurINTA29 Dec 2025

Show all 35 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

57 contributions recorded; 6 on behalf of their group; 86 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 30

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
7 Sept 2026Extraterritorial impact of the US designation of Autistici/Inventati as a terrorist entity P-10-2026-003526Priority written questionwith 28 co-authorsNot yet answered
2 Sept 2026Protecting workers from extreme heatwaves E-10-2026-003456Written questionwith 8 co-authorsNot yet answered
14 Jul 2026Preserving EU capacities to produce paper pulp and cellulose fibres – state of affairs at Fibre Excellence P-10-2026-002901Priority written questionwith 12 co-authors12 Aug 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
10 Jun 2026Potential conflict of interest in the appointment of the Special Envoy for Industrial AI P-10-2026-002401Priority written questionwith 37 co-authors13 Aug 2026
13 May 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response B-10-2026-0245Motion for a resolutionwith 24 co-authors—
23 Apr 2026Risks hanging over the European steel industry and use of public funding by ArcelorMittal E-10-2026-001682Written questionwith 12 co-authors8 Jun 2026
11 Mar 2026Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sector O-10-2026-000014Oral questionwith 42 co-authorsNot yet answered
4 Mar 2026Privacy risks and GDPR compliance issues linked to Meta’s smart glasses and AI training practices P-10-2026-000903Priority written questionwith 34 co-authors1 Apr 2026
4 Feb 2026Mayor of Budapest fined and charged without trial for organising a Pride march in the EU E-10-2026-000446Written questionwith 81 co-authors10 Apr 2026

Show all 30 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 81

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790156 CJ7110
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790105 CJ7112
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790098 CJ7134
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790097 CJ7130
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790157 CJ7111
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790093 CJ7127
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790092 CJ7125
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790099 CJ7128
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790091 CJ7123
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790101 CJ7118

Show all 81 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation France National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jean-Marc GERMAIN”. Member record. memberId 256901. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256901?page=7&period=2025 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256901. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256901?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256901,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jean-Marc GERMAIN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256901?page=7&period=2025}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256901?page=7&period=2025},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256901. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256901. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}