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Member

Rudi KENNES

The Left · Belgium

Group
The Left
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
97.6 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
89.7 %ⓘ of 600 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
Independent
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
21 of 501 votesⓘ
Committees
EMPL (substitute), INTA, ITRE, TRAN (substitute)
Member id
256890
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

97.6 %

605 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (+10.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

89.7 %

538 of 600 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (+3.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

4.2 %

21 of 501 votes where their group had a clear line

3 opposite (for ↔ against), 17 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

17.0 %

103 of 605 votes cast

Participation 97.6 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Rudi KENNES97.6 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 89.7 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Rudi KENNES89.7 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 6, adding text before paragraph 1 163 for, 414 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 5, adding text before paragraph 1 118 for, 512 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 4, adding text before paragraph 1 109 for, 444 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 3, adding text before paragraph 1 46 for, 600 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 737 457 for, 192 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 328 73 for, 556 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 156 519 for, 74 against, 57 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 334 141 for, 486 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 733 454 for, 141 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 317 180 for, 452 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 316 156 for, 473 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 213 617 for, 32 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 726 570 for, 54 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 315 193 for, 437 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 314 199 for, 422 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 618 195 for, 432 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 313 174 for, 453 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 725 591 for, 49 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 332 87 for, 512 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 309 72 for, 513 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 693 617 for, 22 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholePassed 431 for, 131 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Paragraph 16 — part 2 417 for, 204 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Separate vote on paragraph 14 429 for, 206 against, 26 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch Final vote — text as a wholePassed 601 for, 47 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Final vote — text as a wholePassed 522 for, 115 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 5 193 for, 455 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Paragraph 4 — part 2 391 for, 201 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Final vote — text as a wholePassed 531 for, 91 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Separate vote on paragraph 6 417 for, 192 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine Final votePassed 518 for, 56 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew Group 158 for, 288 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group 164 for, 319 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 540 for, 23 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 59 for, 524 against, 30 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 5 132 for, 442 against, 27 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 4 132 for, 374 against, 105 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 495 for, 73 against, 86 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on recital O 473 for, 114 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 2 487 for, 113 against, 50 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 1 501 for, 65 against, 95 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on paragraph 9 490 for, 114 against, 61 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Tie
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 2 — part 2 499 for, 98 against, 67 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 212 for, 316 against, 134 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 2 456 for, 126 against, 64 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 1 504 for, 89 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Tie
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 93 for, 526 against, 41 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 508 for, 53 against, 104 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on recital C 572 for, 46 against, 46 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 17 542 for, 70 against, 49 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany97 % of 2 944 shared87 %
Özlem DEMIREL The LeftGermany95 % of 4 954 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain95 % of 5 285 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal94 % of 4 706 shared87 %
Luke Ming FLANAGAN The LeftIreland94 % of 4 506 shared87 %
Isabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftSpain94 % of 3 499 shared87 %
Estrella GALÁN The LeftSpain94 % of 4 990 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany93 % of 5 239 shared87 %
Marc BOTENGA The LeftBelgium93 % of 5 118 shared87 %
Ilaria SALIS The LeftItaly93 % of 4 875 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain85 % of 4 702 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain83 % of 5 284 shared77 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly82 % of 5 552 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly82 % of 4 884 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly81 % of 5 037 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain81 % of 4 651 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance81 % of 5 604 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium81 % of 5 396 shared77 %
Mélissa CAMARA GreensFrance80 % of 5 002 shared77 %
Marie TOUSSAINT GreensFrance80 % of 5 429 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Transport and TourismTRAN CommitteeSubstitute20 May 2026now
Delegation for relations with the Federative Republic of BrazilD-BR DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of South AsiaDSAS DelegationMember15 Dec 2025now
Delegation to the Pacific-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDPAC Parliamentary assemblySubstitute10 Dec 2025now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember15 Oct 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember7 Mar 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2026/001 BE/CoraShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL7 Sept 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesShadow rapporteur for an opinionTRAN27 Aug 2026
Establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110Shadow rapporteurINTA8 Jun 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/009 BE/SoliverShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL13 May 2026
Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation FundShadow rapporteur for an opinionITRE28 Apr 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measuresShadow rapporteur for an opinionITRE28 Apr 2026
Role of trade in strengthening the EU's economic securityShadow rapporteurINTA23 Mar 2026
Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activitiesShadow rapporteur for an opinionCONT13 Mar 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionCONT13 Mar 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/008 BE/LibertyShadow rapporteur for an opinionEMPL12 Mar 2026

Show all 47 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

49 contributions recorded; 11 on behalf of their group; 64 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026Urgent measures to strengthen the competitiveness and safeguard quality jobs in the EU’s automotive sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026Coordination of social security systems (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026The resilience of the European transport sector and the need to ensure the supply of essential goods amid ongoing geopolitical instability (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026The need to combat antisemitism and protect Jewish life in Europe, following the recent attacks against the Jewish community in the Netherlands and Belgium (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
27 Apr 2026Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024 (debate) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 131

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
15 Sept 2026Common security and defence policy mission to Lebanon E-10-2026-003673Written questionwith 11 co-authorsNot yet answered
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
10 Sept 2026EU exports of banned pesticides E-10-2026-003605Written questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026Chatbots directing women with unwanted pregnancies to anti-abortion websites E-10-2026-003539Written questionwith 67 co-authorsNot yet answered
7 Sept 2026Climate change, public health and the world of work: for a directive on maximum working temperatures O-10-2026-000035Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
7 Sept 2026Extraterritorial impact of the US designation of Autistici/Inventati as a terrorist entity P-10-2026-003526Priority written questionwith 28 co-authorsNot yet answered
22 Jul 2026Cutro shipwreck, tragedies at sea and the right of vicitms’ families E-10-2026-003097Written questionwith 23 co-authors22 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Urgent appeal for the release of Dr Hussam Abu Safiya E-10-2026-003029Written questionwith 17 co-authors2 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Humanitarian situation of Sahrawi refugees, inadequate EU humanitarian assistance and the growing water crisis in the refugee camps E-10-2026-003027Written questionwith 22 co-authors27 Aug 2026
15 Jul 2026Implementation of Case C-81/24 (Jenec) and protection against extraterritorial sanctions targeting international justice E-10-2026-002968Written questionwith 15 co-authors17 Sept 2026

Show all 131 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 36

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
1 Jul 2026Connecting Europe through high-speed rail TRAN-AM-790790 TRAN6
27 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788845 ITRE9
22 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-788790 ITRE37
22 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-789032 ITRE31
22 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-788826 ITRE28
18 May 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund ITRE-AM-787940 ITRE16
18 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ITRE-AM-787939 ITRE11
12 May 2026Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities ITRE-AM-788800 ITRE12
12 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-785338 ITRE25
12 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788832 ITRE10

Show all 36 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Rudi KENNES”. Member record. memberId 256890. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256890?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256890. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256890?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256890,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Rudi KENNES}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256890?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256890?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256890. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256890. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}