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Member

Niels GEUKING

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
98.9 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
97.9 %ⓘ of 5 865 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 93.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
Familien-Partei DE Familien-Partei Deutschlands
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
51 of 5 599 votesⓘ
Committees
DEVE, EMPL
Member id
251874
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

98.9 %

5 865 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

EPP median: 89.9 % (+9.0 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.9 %

5 739 of 5 865 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 93.6 % (+4.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.9 %

51 of 5 599 votes where their group had a clear line

24 opposite (for ↔ against), 27 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.6 %

95 of 5 865 votes cast

Participation 98.9 % — EPP median 89.9 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Niels GEUKING98.9 %
EPP median89.9 %
Lowest in the group17.0 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members196
With majority line 97.9 % — EPP median 93.6 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Niels GEUKING97.9 %
EPP median93.6 %
Lowest in the group70.2 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members196
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 87705 Objection passed 466 for, 175 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize DP202216 x NK603 x DAS-40278-9 and its sub-combinations DP 202216 x NK603, DP202216 x DAS-40278-9 Objection passed 417 for, 167 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Adopted 388 for, 161 against, 120 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Adopted 460 for, 136 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Adopted 505 for, 115 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Serbia Adopted 468 for, 116 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026The impact of the 1974 Turkish invasion on Cypriot women and girls, and the crimes committed by Turkish forces and consequences on gender equality Adopted 575 for, 33 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from certain provisions of the ePrivacy Directive to combat online child sexual abuse Urgent procedure agreed 331 for, 304 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Coordination of social security systems Passed 511 for, 87 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Air passenger rights Passed 646 for, 12 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Temporary support and payment of advances regarding the increased fertiliser prices due to the Middle East crisis Passed 576 for, 62 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026International passenger transport services by coach and bus in the border regions: cabotage operations between Austria and Switzerland Passed 654 for, 4 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Draft amending budget No 1/2026: entering the surplus of the financial year 2025 Passed 492 for, 101 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: Application EGF/2026/000 TA 2026 - Technical assistance at the initiative of the Commission Passed 532 for, 64 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Romania, Cyprus and Spain with regard to natural disasters in 2025 Passed 642 for, 13 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 Adopted 316 for, 281 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Recommendation on the changing geopolitical situation in East Asia and the need for closer cooperation with like-minded partners in the region Adopted 542 for, 37 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Competition policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 501 for, 61 against, 95 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026A coherent tax framework for the EU’s financial sector Adopted 418 for, 152 against, 85 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026A new strategy for media literacy and digital learning Adopted 447 for, 128 against, 78 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2026 High-Level Political Forum Adopted 374 for, 185 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Digital assets – challenges for the competitiveness and integrity of the European Union’s financial system Adopted 390 for, 86 against, 134 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Shipments of waste: export of mixed municipal waste for recovery to Switzerland Passed 559 for, 7 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles Passed 437 for, 112 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich Adopted 504 for, 4 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso Adopted 476 for, 11 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) and risks to the security of supply of medicines Adopted 294 for, 245 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba Adopted 283 for, 199 against, 85 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland Adopted 412 for, 63 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) Passed 418 for, 218 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) Failed 181 for, 439 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026General arrangements for excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products Passed 325 for, 304 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF): access to VAT information at Union level Passed 549 for, 33 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Hague Convention (1980) on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction: accession of Cabo Verde Passed 659 for, 1 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU-Pakistan Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV Consent given 276 for, 13 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination Consent given 608 for, 38 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination (Resolution) Adopted 542 for, 52 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye Adopted 381 for, 107 against, 171 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Montenegro Adopted 486 for, 101 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Albania Adopted 483 for, 103 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on North Macedonia Adopted 411 for, 120 against, 120 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Bosnia and Herzegovina Adopted 478 for, 116 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Kosovo Adopted 412 for, 174 against, 58 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace Adopted 431 for, 111 against, 103 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Georgia Adopted 436 for, 145 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America Passed 440 for, 151 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Passed 444 for, 152 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) Passed 423 for, 57 against, 174 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain Passed 560 for, 75 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Measures necessary for the implementation of the Protocol, annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU, on the financial consequences of the expiry of the ECSC Treaty and on the Research Fund for Coal and Steel Consent given 563 for, 44 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 1 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129126
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254541
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253028
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228225
13 Mar 20252423
31 Mar 202530
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251249
3 Apr 20256259
5 May 202555
6 May 2025109
7 May 2025220219
8 May 2025103102
21 May 202522
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258787
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134133
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253433
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255552
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186185
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257574
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125124
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266764
21 Jan 2026112111
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261312
12 Feb 2026141138
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197192
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263433
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266969
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225221
29 Apr 2026296291
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269695
21 May 20269897
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127127
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267270
8 Jul 2026144143
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124123

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany98 % of 4 616 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany97 % of 5 132 shared89 %
Rasa JUKNEVIČIENĖ EPPLithuania97 % of 4 793 shared89 %
Siegfried MUREŞAN EPPRomania97 % of 5 611 shared89 %
Sandra KALNIETE EPPLatvia97 % of 5 358 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany97 % of 4 616 shared89 %
Pekka TOVERI EPPFinland97 % of 5 191 shared89 %
Sven SIMON EPPGermany97 % of 4 729 shared89 %
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany97 % of 5 130 shared89 %
Ralf SEEKATZ EPPGermany97 % of 5 166 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia89 % of 5 251 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania88 % of 5 155 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium87 % of 5 682 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania87 % of 4 248 shared82 %
Olivier CHASTEL RenewBelgium87 % of 5 276 shared82 %
Ivars IJABS RenewLatvia87 % of 4 501 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany87 % of 3 934 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands86 % of 4 422 shared82 %
Elsi KATAINEN RenewFinland86 % of 5 738 shared82 %
Sophie WILMÈS RenewBelgium86 % of 4 062 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on DevelopmentDEVE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Special Committee on the Housing Crisis in the European UnionHOUS Special committeeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeMember16 Dec 2024now
Delegation for relations with IranD-IR DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute20 May 2026now
Delegation to the Caribbean-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDCAB Parliamentary assemblySubstitute20 May 2026now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on DemographyIG10-09 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Fighting against PovertyIG10-12 Intergroup / working groupMember15 Jun 2026now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE9 Sept 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesOpinion rapporteurDEVE17 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOpinion rapporteurDEVE18 Dec 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/947 as regards increased efficiency of the External Action GuaranteeShadow rapporteurDEVE11 Nov 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/947 as regards increased efficiency of the External Action GuaranteeShadow rapporteurDEVE4 Nov 2025
Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 30 October 2020 on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth GuaranteeShadow rapporteurEMPL28 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE22 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationEMPL22 Oct 2025
Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in SevilleShadow rapporteurDEVE26 Feb 2025
DEVE mission to Tanzania 24.-26.02.2025Official delegation6 Jan 2025

Show all 11 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

16 contributions recorded; 20 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
28 Apr 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
12 Feb 2026Time to address economic inequalities in the EU and worldwide (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
11 Feb 2026Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
22 Jan 2026A new action plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
12 Mar 2025Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rights (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
23 Jan 2025Cryptocurrencies - need for global standards (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Jan 2025Addressing EU demographic challenges: towards the implementation of the 2023 Demography Toolbox (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
28 Nov 2024Need to adopt an ambitious international legally binding agreement on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment Speech · 1 minRead
27 Nov 2024Rise of energy prices and fighting energy poverty (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
24 Oct 2024Protecting our oceans: persistent threats to marine protected areas in the EU and benefits for coastal communities (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
23 Oct 2024The important role of cities and regions in the EU – for a green, social and prosperous local development (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Oct 2024State sponsored terrorism by the Islamic Republic of Iran in light of the recent attacks in Europe (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Oct 2024Consequences of the devastating forest fires in the Amazon and the importance of the Amazon for climate change (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Oct 2024Ensuring sustainable, decent and affordable housing in Europe - encouraging investment, private property and public housing programmes (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Questions and motions, 8

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
6 May 2026Continuity of tertiary education for pregnant women and women with children E-10-2026-001857Written questionwith 46 co-authors3 Jul 2026
5 Mar 2026Clarification on Child Guarantee funding: detailed disbursements per Member State E-10-2026-000933Written questionwith 5 co-authors4 Jun 2026
12 Jan 2026The place of child poverty in the upcoming EU Anti-Poverty Strategy E-10-2026-000058Written questionwith 5 co-authors12 Feb 2026
12 Oct 2025Clarification on funding under the European Child Guarantee: requests and disbursements per Member State E-10-2025-003998Written question8 Jan 2026
8 Oct 2025Post-safeguard regime and reciprocity in global sustainability standards E-10-2025-003976Written questionwith 12 co-authors9 Dec 2025
18 Jul 2025Review of the EU school fruit, vegetables and milk scheme in the context of the European Child Guarantee E-10-2025-003007Written questionwith 5 co-authors29 Aug 2025
28 May 2025Recognition of expenses for demography as investment for budgetary balance E-10-2025-002128Written questionwith 41 co-authors5 Sept 2025
27 May 2025Competitive impacts of Regulation EU 2023/1115 on European producers of latex balloons E-10-2025-002122Written questionwith 9 co-authors26 Aug 2025

Show all 8 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 29

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 29 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Niels GEUKING”. Member record. memberId 251874. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/251874?page=2&scope=all&speeches=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/251874. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/251874?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-251874,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Niels GEUKING}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/251874?page=2&scope=all&speeches=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/251874?page=2&scope=all&speeches=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 251874. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/251874. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}