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Member

Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ

EPP · Spain

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
87.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
96.5 %ⓘ of 542 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PP Partido Popular
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
10 of 502 votesⓘ
Committees
ENVI, IMCO (substitute), ITRE (substitute), PECH (substitute)
Member id
197784
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

87.4 %

542 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−3.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

96.5 %

523 of 542 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+0.9 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.0 %

10 of 502 votes where their group had a clear line

6 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.1 %

6 of 542 votes cast

Participation 87.4 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ87.4 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 96.5 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ96.5 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Separate vote on paragraph 42 290 for, 357 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Amendment 2 to paragraph 40 296 for, 339 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Separate vote on paragraph 39 475 for, 181 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Separate vote on paragraph 33 303 for, 328 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Separate vote on paragraph 24 278 for, 371 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Separate vote on paragraph 20 281 for, 361 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Separate vote on paragraph 1 304 for, 305 against, 55 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville Amendment 1 120 for, 480 against, 65 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Amendments to Parliament’s Rules of Procedure concerning the declaration of input (Article 8 of Annex I to the Rules of Procedure) Final voteAdopted 653 for, 0 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 622 for, 24 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Electoral rights of mobile Union citizens in European Parliament elections Council draft 587 for, 60 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Electoral rights of mobile Union citizens in European Parliament elections Separate vote on paragraph 2 306 for, 158 against, 202 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Jun 2025Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union. Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 557 for, 75 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 583 for, 78 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine amending the Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine on the carriage of freight by road of 29 June 2022 Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 488 for, 137 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Final votePassed 599 for, 2 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 188 to Article 18, paragraph 3 186 for, 461 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 186 to Article 3, after paragraph 2 314 for, 249 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 184 434 for, 189 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 169 — part 2 501 for, 70 against, 82 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 138 — part 2 496 for, 115 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 136 — part 2 531 for, 84 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 29 — part 5 420 for, 187 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 29 — part 4 435 for, 153 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 29 — part 3 491 for, 79 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 29 — part 2 518 for, 95 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 16 — part 3 426 for, 184 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 16 — part 2 475 for, 125 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) Amendment 1 — part 2 484 for, 127 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2025Amending Regulation (EU) No 228/2013 as regards additional assistance and further flexibility to outermost regions affected by severe natural disasters and in the context of cyclone Chido devastating Mayotte Final votePassed 653 for, 7 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2025Tuesday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group 65 for, 338 against, 24 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2025Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the PPE, S&D and Renew groups Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the PPE, S&D and Renew groups 300 for, 66 against, 77 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 260 for, 194 against, 110 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 29, adding text after recital F 294 for, 261 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 42 to paragraph 33 309 for, 263 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 27 to paragraph 27 233 for, 303 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 24 151 for, 405 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 38 to paragraph 21 298 for, 273 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 26 to paragraph 21 255 for, 314 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 19 — part 4 193 for, 373 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 19 — part 3 192 for, 374 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 19 — part 2 179 for, 375 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 19 — part 1 190 for, 379 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 25 to paragraph 12 198 for, 359 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 24 to paragraph 11 378 for, 183 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 23 to paragraph 10 252 for, 305 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 8 319 for, 255 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 35 to paragraph 7 180 for, 248 against, 153 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 2 397 for, 139 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 May 2025Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023 Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 2 264 for, 252 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 9 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Maravillas ABADÍA JOVER EPPSpain99 % of 4 780 shared89 %
Borja GIMÉNEZ LARRAZ EPPSpain99 % of 4 910 shared89 %
Carmen CRESPO DÍAZ EPPSpain99 % of 4 547 shared89 %
Alma EZCURRA ALMANSA EPPSpain99 % of 1 843 shared89 %
Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE EPPSpain99 % of 4 389 shared89 %
Dolors MONTSERRAT EPPSpain99 % of 4 574 shared89 %
Fernando NAVARRETE ROJAS EPPSpain99 % of 4 767 shared89 %
Esteban GONZÁLEZ PONS EPPSpain98 % of 4 522 shared89 %
Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ EPPSpain98 % of 4 642 shared89 %
Rosa ESTARÀS FERRAGUT EPPSpain98 % of 4 017 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia85 % of 4 465 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania84 % of 4 289 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany84 % of 3 512 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium84 % of 4 773 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands84 % of 3 898 shared82 %
Olivier CHASTEL RenewBelgium84 % of 4 510 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland84 % of 4 119 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany83 % of 4 783 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands83 % of 4 554 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany83 % of 3 957 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on FisheriesPECH CommitteeSubstitute20 Apr 2026now
Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of ChinaD-CN DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Australia and New ZealandDANZ DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Cohesion Policy and Outermost RegionsIG10-08 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on European Cultural Heritage, Ways of Saint James and other European Cultural RoutesIG10-11 Intergroup / working groupMember29 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Sustainable LivestockIG10-15 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
43rd EU-China Inter-Parliamentary Meeting (IPM) on 27 – 29 May 2026 in Beijing and Wuhan.\n\nMs Solís will attend as Member of the D-CN. \n\nOfficial delegationD-CN6 May 2026
Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burdenRapporteurENVI24 Mar 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burdenRapporteurENVI24 Mar 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1252Shadow rapporteurITRE24 Feb 2026
Addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel marketShadow rapporteur for an opinionITRE11 Nov 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE11 Jul 2025
ITRE Commitee Mission to Venice and Cremona (Italy). This mission is covering subjects related to aerospace, shipbuilding industry, steel and creative industries.Official delegation23 Jan 2025
I have been entitled as Shadow Rapporteur for Regulation on the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions of transport services.Shadow rapporteurENVI25 Jul 2024

Show all 8 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

22 contributions recorded, 11 written statements; 15 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 22 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 36

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026Spain’s violation of Regulations (EU) 2021/1153 and (EU) 2024/1679 in the core railway network in Asturias E-10-2026-003555Written questionNot yet answered
30 Jul 2026Compliance with Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 (TEN-T) on rail access to the core network port of Gijón E-10-2026-003173Written questionNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026Energy Performance of Buildings Directive E-10-2026-003113Written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026Clarification on the scope of ‘consumer products’ in the proposed restriction of PFAS E-10-2026-003101Written questionwith 10 co-authors25 Sept 2026
26 Jun 2026Legal certainty in the implementation of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation P-10-2026-002648Priority written question2 Sept 2026
24 Jun 2026Timeline and scope of the forthcoming simplification package on fisheries legislation to support the competitiveness of the EU fleet E-10-2026-002596Written questionwith 13 co-authors20 Aug 2026
22 May 2026Application of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism E-10-2026-002123Written question23 Jul 2026
13 May 2026Potential delay of the transposition of IED 2.0 in light of the Environmental Omnibus P-10-2026-001994Priority written question3 Jul 2026
5 May 2026Protection of downstream steel and aluminium-processing industries against combined effects of CBAM, global overcapacity and non-EU country subsidies E-10-2026-001826Written questionwith 1 co-author14 Jul 2026

Show all 36 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 85

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
29 Sept 2026EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisation ITRE-AM-796255 ITRE6
29 Sept 2026EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisation ITRE-AM-796198 ITRE3
20 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790834 ENVI3
17 Jul 2026Multiannual plan for the fisheries exploiting demersal stocks in the western Mediterranean Sea PECH-AM-791020 PECH45
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI2
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE5
27 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788845 ITRE24
27 May 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ITRE-AM-788838 ITRE4
26 May 2026amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ENVI-AM-789035 ENVI5
26 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ENVI-AM-787880 ENVI56

Show all 85 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
2 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ”. Member record. memberId 197784. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197784?page=86&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 2 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197784. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197784?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197784,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197784?page=86&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197784?page=86&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-02},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197784. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197784. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}