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Member

Raphaël GLUCKSMANN

S&D · France

Group
S&D
Country
France
Roll-call participation
88.5 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
92.7 %ⓘ of 5 248 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 96.3 %
More facts (5)
National party
Place publique
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
334 of 5 165 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET (substitute), INTA (substitute), SEDE
Member id
197694
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

88.5 %

5 249 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

S&D median: 89.9 % (−1.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

92.7 %

4 865 of 5 248 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 96.3 % (−3.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

6.5 %

334 of 5 165 votes where their group had a clear line

260 opposite (for ↔ against), 61 abstained against the line, 13 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

2.3 %

121 of 5 249 votes cast

Participation 88.5 % — S&D median 89.9 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Raphaël GLUCKSMANN88.5 %
S&D median89.9 %
Lowest in the group30.4 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members138
With majority line 92.7 % — S&D median 96.3 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Raphaël GLUCKSMANN92.7 %
S&D median96.3 %
Lowest in the group81.9 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members138
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 87705 Objection passed 466 for, 175 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize DP202216 x NK603 x DAS-40278-9 and its sub-combinations DP 202216 x NK603, DP202216 x DAS-40278-9 Objection passed 417 for, 167 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Adopted 388 for, 161 against, 120 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Adopted 460 for, 136 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Adopted 505 for, 115 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Serbia Adopted 468 for, 116 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026The impact of the 1974 Turkish invasion on Cypriot women and girls, and the crimes committed by Turkish forces and consequences on gender equality Adopted 575 for, 33 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from certain provisions of the ePrivacy Directive to combat online child sexual abuse Urgent procedure agreed 331 for, 304 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Coordination of social security systems Passed 511 for, 87 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Air passenger rights Passed 646 for, 12 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Temporary support and payment of advances regarding the increased fertiliser prices due to the Middle East crisis Passed 576 for, 62 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026International passenger transport services by coach and bus in the border regions: cabotage operations between Austria and Switzerland Passed 654 for, 4 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Draft amending budget No 1/2026: entering the surplus of the financial year 2025 Passed 492 for, 101 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: Application EGF/2026/000 TA 2026 - Technical assistance at the initiative of the Commission Passed 532 for, 64 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Romania, Cyprus and Spain with regard to natural disasters in 2025 Passed 642 for, 13 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 Adopted 316 for, 281 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026Recommendation on the changing geopolitical situation in East Asia and the need for closer cooperation with like-minded partners in the region Adopted 542 for, 37 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Competition policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 501 for, 61 against, 95 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026A coherent tax framework for the EU’s financial sector Adopted 418 for, 152 against, 85 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026A new strategy for media literacy and digital learning Adopted 447 for, 128 against, 78 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2026 High-Level Political Forum Adopted 374 for, 185 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Digital assets – challenges for the competitiveness and integrity of the European Union’s financial system Adopted 390 for, 86 against, 134 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
18 Jun 2026Shipments of waste: export of mixed municipal waste for recovery to Switzerland Passed 559 for, 7 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles Passed 437 for, 112 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich Adopted 504 for, 4 against, 55 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso Adopted 476 for, 11 against, 75 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) and risks to the security of supply of medicines Adopted 294 for, 245 against, 28 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
18 Jun 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba Adopted 283 for, 199 against, 85 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
18 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland Adopted 412 for, 63 against, 53 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) Passed 418 for, 218 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2026Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) Failed 181 for, 439 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2026General arrangements for excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products Passed 325 for, 304 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2026European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF): access to VAT information at Union level Passed 549 for, 33 against, 84 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Hague Convention (1980) on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction: accession of Cabo Verde Passed 659 for, 1 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU-Pakistan Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV Consent given 276 for, 13 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination Consent given 608 for, 38 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination (Resolution) Adopted 542 for, 52 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye Adopted 381 for, 107 against, 171 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Montenegro Adopted 486 for, 101 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Albania Adopted 483 for, 103 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on North Macedonia Adopted 411 for, 120 against, 120 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Bosnia and Herzegovina Adopted 478 for, 116 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Kosovo Adopted 412 for, 174 against, 58 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace Adopted 431 for, 111 against, 103 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Georgia Adopted 436 for, 145 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America Passed 440 for, 151 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
16 Jun 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Passed 444 for, 152 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
16 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) Passed 423 for, 57 against, 174 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
16 Jun 2026Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain Passed 560 for, 75 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Measures necessary for the implementation of the Protocol, annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU, on the financial consequences of the expiry of the ECSC Treaty and on the Research Fund for Coal and Steel Consent given 563 for, 44 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 22 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249290
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129126
24 Oct 20241312
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 2024187
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245756
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254543
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 2025300
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228226
13 Mar 2025240
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251245
3 Apr 20256259
5 May 202555
6 May 2025109
7 May 2025220219
8 May 202510399
21 May 202520
22 May 20255350
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258785
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255552
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253632
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 20251010
10 Sept 20253433
11 Sept 2025690
6 Oct 202520
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 2025550
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202533
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186182
23 Oct 20255553
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 202510083
27 Nov 2025125124
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256657
17 Dec 20254341
18 Dec 2025420
20 Jan 20266763
21 Jan 2026112103
22 Jan 20265856
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141140
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202610
10 Mar 2026197195
11 Mar 20266058
12 Mar 2026340
25 Mar 202630
26 Mar 2026690
27 Apr 202620
28 Apr 2026225222
29 Apr 2026296286
30 Apr 20266867
18 May 202640
19 May 202633
20 May 20269690
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202620
16 Jun 20264038
17 Jun 2026127120
18 Jun 2026770
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144137
9 Jul 20266764
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155151
16 Sept 20268077
17 Sept 2026124123

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Thomas PELLERIN-CARLIN S&DFrance99 % of 5 187 shared93 %
Aurore LALUCQ S&DFrance99 % of 4 422 shared93 %
Emma RAFOWICZ S&DFrance99 % of 3 881 shared93 %
Christophe CLERGEAU S&DFrance99 % of 4 557 shared93 %
Murielle LAURENT S&DFrance99 % of 4 902 shared93 %
Eric SARGIACOMO S&DFrance99 % of 4 967 shared93 %
Nora MEBAREK S&DFrance99 % of 4 820 shared93 %
Pierre JOUVET S&DFrance98 % of 4 599 shared93 %
Claire FITA S&DFrance98 % of 4 155 shared93 %
Chloé RIDEL S&DFrance98 % of 3 319 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Terry REINTKE GreensGermany88 % of 4 886 shared83 %
Veronika CIFROVÁ OSTRIHOŇOVÁ RenewSlovakia88 % of 4 134 shared86 %
Catarina VIEIRA GreensNetherlands88 % of 4 882 shared83 %
Kim VAN SPARRENTAK GreensNetherlands88 % of 4 858 shared83 %
Bas EICKHOUT Former memberGreensNetherlands88 % of 4 195 shared83 %
Anna CAVAZZINI GreensGermany88 % of 5 223 shared83 %
Erik MARQUARDT GreensGermany88 % of 5 000 shared83 %
Sara MATTHIEU GreensBelgium88 % of 4 546 shared83 %
Daniel FREUND GreensGermany88 % of 5 236 shared83 %
Kai TEGETHOFF GreensGermany88 % of 4 665 shared83 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeSubstitute10 Mar 2026now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute15 Dec 2025now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Special Committee on the European Democracy ShieldEUDS Special committeeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Ukraine Parliamentary Association CommitteeD-UA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary AssemblyDEPA Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Mental HealthIG10-17 Intergroup / working groupMember5 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember30 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on the Two-State Solution for Israel and PalestineIG10-26 Intergroup / working groupMember29 Jan 2025now
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 20249 Mar 2026
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeMember19 Jul 202414 Dec 2025
Subcommittee on Security and DefenceSEDE SubcommitteeMember19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’)RapporteurSEDE14 Mar 2025
2021/0297(COD) Generalised scheme of tariff preferencesShadow rapporteurINTA20 Jan 2025
Rapporteur fictif permanent sur la RussieShadow rapporteurAFET15 Nov 2024
Rapporteur permanent pour le suivi des législations sur le travail forcé et le devoir de vigilanceRapporteurINTA15 Nov 2024
Proposition de règlement du Parlement européen et du Conseil relatif au filtrage des investissements étrangers dans l’Union et abrogeant le règlement (UE) 2019/452 du Parlement européen et du ConseilRapporteurINTA9 Nov 2024

Show all 5 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

46 contributions recorded; 5 on behalf of their group; 64 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 50

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
2 Sept 2026Protecting workers from extreme heatwaves E-10-2026-003456Written questionwith 8 co-authorsNot yet answered
15 Jul 2026Update by the Commission of its guidelines on tackling online disinformation during electoral processes E-10-2026-002950Written questionwith 31 co-authors11 Sept 2026
14 Jul 2026Preserving EU capacities to produce paper pulp and cellulose fibres – state of affairs at Fibre Excellence P-10-2026-002901Priority written questionwith 12 co-authors12 Aug 2026
8 Jul 2026Arbitrations under the Energy Charter Treaty brought against the EU by entities linked to sanctioned individuals E-10-2026-002842Written question17 Sept 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Follow-up to question for written answer E-001083/2025 on menstrual products: transparency and health risks E-10-2026-002698Written questionwith 43 co-authors18 Sept 2026
18 Jun 2026Human trafficking and human rights violations through recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine E-10-2026-002532Written questionwith 27 co-authors6 Aug 2026
17 Jun 2026Request that the Commission publish evidence pertaining to the non-activation of the Blocking Statute E-10-2026-002520Written questionwith 31 co-authorsNot yet answered
5 Jun 2026Alleged forced labour at the BYD construction site in Szeged, Hungary: follow-up E-10-2026-002325Written questionwith 2 co-authors22 Jul 2026
23 Apr 2026Risks hanging over the European steel industry and use of public funding by ArcelorMittal E-10-2026-001682Written questionwith 12 co-authors8 Jun 2026

Show all 50 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 64

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
22 Jul 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.' JURI-AM-791128 JURI4
22 Jul 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – ‘EU Inc.’ JURI-AM-791129 JURI1
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788892 ITRE3
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788896 ITRE16
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788895 ITRE2
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788902 ITRE10
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788897 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788849 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788900 ITRE4

Show all 64 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation France National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Raphaël GLUCKSMANN”. Member record. memberId 197694. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197694?page=2&seats=all&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197694. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197694?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197694,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Raphaël GLUCKSMANN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197694?page=2&seats=all&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197694?page=2&seats=all&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197694. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197694. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}