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Member

Silvia SARDONE

Patriots · Italy

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
Italy
Roll-call participation
83.7 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
78.8 %ⓘ of 518 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 80.0 %
More facts (5)
National party
L Lega
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
57 of 408 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, ENVI
Member id
197578
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

83.7 %

519 of 620 final votes while in office

Patriots median: 90.8 % (−7.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

78.8 %

408 of 518 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 80.0 % (−1.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

14.0 %

57 of 408 votes where their group had a clear line

15 opposite (for ↔ against), 35 abstained against the line, 7 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

20.0 %

104 of 519 votes cast

Participation 83.7 % — Patriots median 90.8 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Silvia SARDONE83.7 %
Patriots median90.8 %
Lowest in the group44.2 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members89
With majority line 78.8 % — Patriots median 80.0 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Silvia SARDONE78.8 %
Patriots median80.0 %
Lowest in the group59.5 %
Highest in the group94.8 %
Members89
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 87705 Objection passed 466 for, 175 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize DP202216 x NK603 x DAS-40278-9 and its sub-combinations DP 202216 x NK603, DP202216 x DAS-40278-9 Objection passed 417 for, 167 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Adopted 388 for, 161 against, 120 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Adopted 460 for, 136 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Adopted 505 for, 115 against, 45 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Serbia Adopted 468 for, 116 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026The impact of the 1974 Turkish invasion on Cypriot women and girls, and the crimes committed by Turkish forces and consequences on gender equality Adopted 575 for, 33 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from certain provisions of the ePrivacy Directive to combat online child sexual abuse Urgent procedure agreed 331 for, 304 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026Coordination of social security systems Passed 511 for, 87 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Air passenger rights Passed 646 for, 12 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Temporary support and payment of advances regarding the increased fertiliser prices due to the Middle East crisis Passed 576 for, 62 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026International passenger transport services by coach and bus in the border regions: cabotage operations between Austria and Switzerland Passed 654 for, 4 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Draft amending budget No 1/2026: entering the surplus of the financial year 2025 Passed 492 for, 101 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: Application EGF/2026/000 TA 2026 - Technical assistance at the initiative of the Commission Passed 532 for, 64 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
7 Jul 2026Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Romania, Cyprus and Spain with regard to natural disasters in 2025 Passed 642 for, 13 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 Adopted 316 for, 281 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026Recommendation on the changing geopolitical situation in East Asia and the need for closer cooperation with like-minded partners in the region Adopted 542 for, 37 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Jul 2026Competition policy – annual report 2025 Adopted 501 for, 61 against, 95 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
7 Jul 2026A coherent tax framework for the EU’s financial sector Adopted 418 for, 152 against, 85 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026A new strategy for media literacy and digital learning Adopted 447 for, 128 against, 78 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2026 High-Level Political Forum Adopted 374 for, 185 against, 74 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
7 Jul 2026Digital assets – challenges for the competitiveness and integrity of the European Union’s financial system Adopted 390 for, 86 against, 134 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
18 Jun 2026Shipments of waste: export of mixed municipal waste for recovery to Switzerland Passed 559 for, 7 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles Passed 437 for, 112 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Jun 2026Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich Adopted 504 for, 4 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso Adopted 476 for, 11 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Jun 2026Implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) and risks to the security of supply of medicines Adopted 294 for, 245 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
18 Jun 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba Adopted 283 for, 199 against, 85 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
18 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland Adopted 412 for, 63 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) Passed 418 for, 218 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) Failed 181 for, 439 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2026General arrangements for excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products Passed 325 for, 304 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF): access to VAT information at Union level Passed 549 for, 33 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Jun 2026Hague Convention (1980) on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction: accession of Cabo Verde Passed 659 for, 1 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU-Pakistan Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV Consent given 276 for, 13 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination Consent given 608 for, 38 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 2026EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination (Resolution) Adopted 542 for, 52 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye Adopted 381 for, 107 against, 171 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Montenegro Adopted 486 for, 101 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Albania Adopted 483 for, 103 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on North Macedonia Adopted 411 for, 120 against, 120 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Bosnia and Herzegovina Adopted 478 for, 116 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Kosovo Adopted 412 for, 174 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 2026Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace Adopted 431 for, 111 against, 103 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Georgia Adopted 436 for, 145 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America Passed 440 for, 151 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods Passed 444 for, 152 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) Passed 423 for, 57 against, 174 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
16 Jun 2026Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain Passed 560 for, 75 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Jun 2026Measures necessary for the implementation of the Protocol, annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU, on the financial consequences of the expiry of the ECSC Treaty and on the Research Fund for Coal and Steel Consent given 563 for, 44 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 13 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Raffaele STANCANELLI PatriotsItaly99 % of 4 001 shared74 %
Aldo PATRICIELLO PatriotsItaly99 % of 2 476 shared74 %
Isabella TOVAGLIERI PatriotsItaly98 % of 4 311 shared74 %
Anna Maria CISINT PatriotsItaly98 % of 4 430 shared74 %
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly98 % of 2 906 shared74 %
Paolo BORCHIA PatriotsItaly98 % of 5 018 shared74 %
Susanna CECCARDI PatriotsItaly97 % of 4 565 shared74 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia80 % of 3 056 shared74 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland79 % of 1 271 shared74 %
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal78 % of 4 851 shared74 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance79 % of 4 358 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance77 % of 4 956 shared68 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance77 % of 4 391 shared68 %
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance76 % of 3 902 shared70 %
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly76 % of 2 161 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance76 % of 4 535 shared68 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany73 % of 4 584 shared70 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany73 % of 4 649 shared70 %
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany73 % of 4 052 shared68 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany73 % of 4 945 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember27 Apr 2026now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Mexico Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-MX Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of ChinaD-CN DelegationSubstitute24 Apr 2026now
Delegation for relations with the countries of South AsiaDSAS DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Wine, Quality Foodstuffs and SpiritsIG10-28 Intergroup / working groupMember23 Jan 2025now
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202423 Apr 2026

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
17th Ordinary Plenary Session of Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly (EuroLat) Official delegationDLAT1 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI8 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET29 Jun 2026
Human Rights and Democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2026Shadow rapporteurAFET22 Jun 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measuresShadow rapporteurENVI16 Mar 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/ECShadow rapporteurENVI16 Mar 2026
32nd EU -MEXICO JOINT PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE (27-29 OCTOBER 2025)Official delegationD-MX15 Sept 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1348 as regards the establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union levelShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET15 Sept 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI10 Jul 2025
16th ordinary plenary session EUROLAT Euro latin american parliamentary assemblyOfficial delegationDLAT31 May 2025

Show all 14 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

66 contributions recorded; 10 on behalf of their group; 81 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Speech · 1 minRead
18 Jun 2026Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed (A10-0175/2026 - Jessica Polfjärd) (vote) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
21 May 2026Need for an adaptation of the EU legal framework on sustainable biofuels (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 2 minRead
20 May 2026Situation of women and girls in Afghanistan following the Taliban's adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code for Courts Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 138

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION political prisoners in Cuba, the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0409Motion for a resolutionwith 4 co-authors—
27 Aug 2026The EU’s deadly anti-racism ideology: the death of Henry Nowak E-10-2026-003350Written questionwith 22 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Aug 2026The Ceuta border crisis and protecting the EU’s external borders P-10-2026-003231Priority written questionwith 2 co-authors18 Sept 2026
6 Aug 2026Radical Islamism: threat to the LGBT+ community and the need to protect public safety in the EU E-10-2026-003220Written questionwith 5 co-authorsNot yet answered
17 Jul 2026Infringement procedure against all Member States for failure to transpose the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive E-10-2026-003045Written questionwith 6 co-authorsNot yet answered
14 Jul 2026PPWR Regulation: simplification or yet another mess of red tape? E-10-2026-002900Written questionwith 8 co-authors1 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0354Motion for a resolutionwith 5 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0349Motion for a resolutionwith 7 co-authors—
1 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the draft Commission regulation amending Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards lead in certain fishing tackle (D110163/04 – 2026/2714(RPS)) B-10-2026-0344Motion for a resolutionwith 10 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Events to mark Ashura with women separated and fenced off from men P-10-2026-002711Priority written question1 Sept 2026

Show all 138 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 92

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
22 Jul 2026Amending Decision (EU) 2015/1814 as regards ceasing the invalidation of allowances in the market stability reserve ENVI-AM-791122 ENVI3
10 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789913 ENVI10
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-789892 CJ4621
19 Jun 2026Clean corporate vehicles CJ46-AM-790087 CJ467
18 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789910 ENVI26
18 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789912 ENVI14
18 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789911 ENVI14
15 Jun 2026EU-Syria political relations AFET-AM-789951 AFET45
15 Jun 2026A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the Mediterranean AFET-AM-789979 AFET17
26 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ENVI-AM-787880 ENVI1

Show all 92 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Italy National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Silvia SARDONE”. Member record. memberId 197578. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197578?page=2&period=term&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197578. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197578?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197578,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Silvia SARDONE}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197578?page=2&period=term&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197578?page=2&period=term&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197578. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197578. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}