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Member

Ilhan KYUCHYUK

Renew · Bulgaria

Group
Renew
Country
Bulgaria
Roll-call participation
95.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
93.6 %ⓘ of 590 votes where the group had a line · Renew median 93.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
DPS Movement for Rights and Freedoms
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
14 of 548 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET (substitute), ENVI (substitute), JURI (chair)
Member id
124866
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

95.8 %

594 of 620 final votes while in office

Renew median: 91.5 % (+4.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

93.6 %

552 of 590 votes where their group had a line

Renew median: 93.6 % (±0.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.6 %

14 of 548 votes where their group had a clear line

4 opposite (for ↔ against), 10 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

2.7 %

16 of 594 votes cast

Participation 95.8 % — Renew median 91.5 %, 76 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 76 members of the Renew with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Ilhan KYUCHYUK95.8 %
Renew median91.5 %
Lowest in the group64.4 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members76
With majority line 93.6 % — Renew median 93.6 %, 76 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 76 members of the Renew with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Ilhan KYUCHYUK93.6 %
Renew median93.6 %
Lowest in the group79.8 %
Highest in the group97.6 %
Members76
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Renew; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 18 184 for, 390 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 17 191 for, 387 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Amendment 10 to paragraph 13 173 for, 393 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 9 184 for, 392 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 5 178 for, 393 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 519 for, 2 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Grave political situation in Guinea-Bissau after the coup of 26 November Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 535 for, 0 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Amendment 6, adding text after recital E 218 for, 345 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Amendment 5, adding text after recital D 210 for, 338 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Amendment 7 to paragraph 7 216 for, 333 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 1 186 for, 367 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 477 for, 7 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
18 Dec 2025Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 121 for, 377 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Final vote — text as a whole (B10-0558/2025)Adopted 358 for, 202 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on recital S 348 for, 227 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on recital R 408 for, 159 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on recital Q 349 for, 225 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Amendment 7, adding text after recital P 320 for, 269 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on recital N 385 for, 144 against, 104 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Amendment 6 to recital N 179 for, 411 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on recital M 381 for, 175 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on recital K 354 for, 237 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Recital J — part 2 400 for, 181 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Recital J — part 1 435 for, 105 against, 102 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Recital E — part 2 438 for, 170 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Amendment 3 to recital E 204 for, 413 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Amendment 1, adding text after recital B 289 for, 306 against, 51 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on paragraph 9 393 for, 194 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on paragraph 8 434 for, 138 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Separate vote on paragraph 7 315 for, 297 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Amendment 10 to paragraph 5 233 for, 390 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Paragraph 2 — part 2 364 for, 207 against, 64 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Paragraph 2 — part 1 350 for, 217 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Amendment 9 to paragraph 2 209 for, 415 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ Final vote — text as a whole (B10-0557/2025) 241 for, 356 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Final vote — text as a whole 451 for, 45 against, 153 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Final voteAdopted 480 for, 83 against, 94 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Final vote 472 for, 74 against, 108 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Annex, paragraph 1 — part 2 278 for, 374 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Paragraph 27 — part 3 279 for, 368 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Paragraph 27 — part 2 525 for, 55 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Paragraph 25 — part 2 486 for, 159 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Paragraph 16 — part 2 471 for, 137 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work Paragraph 7 — part 2 469 for, 136 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 425 for, 120 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs Paragraph 23 — part 2 335 for, 243 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Military Mobility Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 493 for, 127 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025Simplification of the content and presentation of information to be disclosed concerning environmentally sustainable activities and simplification of certain technical screening criteria for determining whether economic activities cause no significant harm to environmental objectives Final vote on the motion for a resolutionObjection failed 230 for, 402 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Dec 2025EU/Jordan Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation: terms and conditions for the participation of Jordan in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 627 for, 13 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Dec 2025European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC) Final votePassed 604 for, 37 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 4 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Renew

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Taner KABILOV changed group ECRBulgaria98 % of 336 shared92 %
Marjan ŠAREC RenewSlovenia97 % of 4 869 shared92 %
Dainius ŽALIMAS RenewLithuania97 % of 5 096 shared92 %
Ľubica KARVAŠOVÁ RenewSlovakia96 % of 3 516 shared92 %
Valérie HAYER RenewFrance96 % of 5 224 shared92 %
Charles GOERENS RenewLuxembourg96 % of 5 126 shared92 %
Stine BOSSE RenewDenmark96 % of 5 372 shared92 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania96 % of 4 922 shared92 %
Nikola MINCHEV RenewBulgaria96 % of 5 148 shared92 %
Lucia YAR RenewSlovakia96 % of 5 432 shared92 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Dan NICA S&DRomania90 % of 3 481 shared86 %
Birgit SIPPEL S&DGermany89 % of 4 300 shared86 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain89 % of 5 043 shared86 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal89 % of 4 898 shared86 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal89 % of 5 058 shared86 %
Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ S&DLithuania89 % of 5 195 shared86 %
Sven MIKSER S&DEstonia89 % of 5 415 shared86 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal89 % of 5 362 shared86 %
André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES S&DPortugal89 % of 4 709 shared86 %
Francisco ASSIS S&DPortugal89 % of 4 407 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute20 Jan 2025now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeChair23 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-TR Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Traditional Minorities, National Communities and LanguagesIG10-25 Intergroup / working groupMember29 Jan 2025now
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202422 Jul 2024

Show all 10 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Dossier 2026-2144Opinion rapporteurJURI30 Sept 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on the protection of the environment through criminal lawRapporteurJURI27 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsJURI6 Mar 2026
Authorising Member States to accept, in the interests of the European Union, the accession of Cabo Verde to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child AbductionRapporteurJURI4 Mar 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsJURI6 Feb 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationJURI27 Jan 2026
The Institutional Framework of the European Union and its interaction with national authorities in the application of Union law, with particular reference to Article 19 TEUOpinion rapporteurJURI12 Jan 2026
The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report – annual report 2025Shadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI21 Nov 2025
No dossier namedRapporteurJURI2 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationJURI15 Jul 2025

Show all 27 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

34 contributions recorded, 1 written statement; 4 on behalf of their group; 59 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 34 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 119

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION The deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung B-10-2026-0399Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0403Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya B-10-2026-0416Motion for a resolutionwith 17 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0361Motion for a resolutionwith 18 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0348Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0353Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
1 Jul 2026The future of European agriculture post-2027 E-10-2026-002719Written question28 Aug 2026
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich B-10-2026-0326Motion for a resolutionwith 18 co-authors—
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION the Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso B-10-2026-0320Motion for a resolutionwith 14 co-authors—
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0311Motion for a resolutionwith 13 co-authors—

Show all 119 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 38

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
28 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-791123 ENVI6
20 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790834 ENVI6
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790956 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI1
19 May 2026Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693 CJ03-AM-788926 CJ034
13 Apr 20262025 Commission report on Kosovo AFET-AM-785346 AFET25
10 Apr 20262025 Commission report on Moldova AFET-AM-786967 AFET19
19 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Georgia AFET-AM-786711 AFET8
12 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Albania AFET-AM-785348 AFET30

Show all 38 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

  • Group Renew Europe Renew · Centre · liberalism, pro-Europeanism

National delegation

  • Delegation Bulgaria National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
2 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Ilhan KYUCHYUK”. Member record. memberId 124866. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124866?page=52&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 2 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124866. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124866?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124866,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Ilhan KYUCHYUK}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124866?page=52&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124866?page=52&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-02},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124866. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124866. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}