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Member

Norbert LINS

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
98.7 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
97.9 %ⓘ of 612 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
9 of 569 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI (vice-chair), ENVI (substitute), TRAN (substitute)
Member id
124808
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

98.7 %

612 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (+8.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.9 %

599 of 612 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+2.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.6 %

9 of 569 votes where their group had a clear line

7 opposite (for ↔ against), 2 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

0.5 %

3 of 612 votes cast

Participation 98.7 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Norbert LINS98.7 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 97.9 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Norbert LINS97.9 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Amendment 101 to Article 47 48 for, 520 against, 57 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Amendment 93, adding text after Article 45 92 for, 496 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Amendment 92 to Article 45 79 for, 501 against, 53 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Amendment 91 to Article 42 54 for, 511 against, 64 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Amendment 90 to Article 15 48 for, 521 against, 65 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT) Amendment 89 to Article 2 51 for, 509 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore (Resolution) Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 572 for, 18 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 515 for, 93 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore Final vote on the motion for a resolutionRejected 136 for, 432 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Final votePassed 543 for, 72 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Amendment 1, adding text after recital 5 73 for, 548 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Amendment 4 to Article 1 80 for, 544 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Amendment 2 to Article 1– paragraph 1 106 for, 507 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Referral back to committee 426 for, 202 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process Amendment 3 to Article 1 79 for, 539 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Final votePassed 382 for, 249 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 265 to recital 28 203 for, 423 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 228 + 287 (voted as one) to recital 26 360 for, 277 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 286 to recital 24 294 for, 337 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 227 + 285 (voted as one) to recital 19 364 for, 269 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 260 to recital 19 183 for, 457 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 226 + 284 (voted as one) to recital 18 363 for, 276 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 259 to recital 18 179 for, 457 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 225 + 283 (voted as one) to recital 14 365 for, 271 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 352 to recital 14 181 for, 453 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 224 + 282 (voted as one) to recital 12 364 for, 266 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 223 + 281 (voted as one) to recital 9 367 for, 270 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 351 to recital 9 186 for, 441 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 222 + 280 (voted as one) to recital 7 361 for, 274 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 350 to recital 7 181 for, 444 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 221 + 279 (voted as one) to recital 5 366 for, 273 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 349 to recital 5 179 for, 450 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 394, adding text after recital 2 182 for, 446 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 393 to recital 2 183 for, 445 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 254 + 316 + 2 (voted as one) to Article 4 368 for, 271 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 116 + 117 + 316 + 1 (voted as one) to Article 4 536 for, 100 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 219 to Article 4 201 for, 426 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 217 to Article 4 210 for, 423 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 215 to Article 4 211 for, 423 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 212 to Article 4 209 for, 422 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 210 to Article 4 209 for, 425 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 208 to Article 4 207 for, 430 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 207 + 266 + 348 (voted as one) to Article 4 251 for, 378 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 253 + 315 (voted as one) to Article 4 361 for, 280 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 115 to Article 4 238 for, 395 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 205 to Article 4 94 for, 532 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 252 + 314 (voted as one) to Article 4 364 for, 270 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 251 + 313 (voted as one) to Article 4 364 for, 270 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendments 311 + 398 (voted as one) to Article 4 365 for, 276 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2025Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 308 to Article 4 114 for, 522 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 1 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Axel VOSS EPPGermany99 % of 4 545 shared89 %
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany99 % of 3 685 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany99 % of 5 047 shared89 %
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany99 % of 5 022 shared89 %
Oliver SCHENK EPPGermany99 % of 5 691 shared89 %
Marion WALSMANN EPPGermany99 % of 5 628 shared89 %
Stefan KÖHLER EPPGermany99 % of 5 282 shared89 %
Ralf SEEKATZ EPPGermany99 % of 5 081 shared89 %
Lena DÜPONT EPPGermany99 % of 4 753 shared89 %
Andrea WECHSLER EPPGermany99 % of 5 586 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia89 % of 5 174 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania87 % of 5 054 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands87 % of 4 342 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany87 % of 3 819 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium87 % of 5 578 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany87 % of 5 584 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands87 % of 5 047 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany87 % of 5 638 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland87 % of 4 534 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany86 % of 4 663 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute20 Jan 2025now
Committee on Transport and TourismTRAN CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with CanadaD-CA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for Northern cooperation and for relations with Switzerland and Norway and to the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee and the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary CommitteeDEEA DelegationChair30 Apr 2026now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of AnimalsIG10-27 Intergroup / working groupMember8 Jan 2025now
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202422 Jul 2024
Committee on DevelopmentDEVE CommitteeSubstitute9 Sept 202411 Jun 2026
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 14 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedDelegation chairDEEA28 Apr 2026
Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034RapporteurAGRI12 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteurAGRI12 Jan 2026
Accounting of greenhouse gas emissions of transport services 2023/0266 (COD)RapporteurTRAN12 Nov 2024
No dossier namedDelegation chairDCAR30 Sept 2024
No dossier namedDelegation vice-chairDCAR27 Sept 2024
No dossier namedCommittee chairAGRI22 Jul 2024
No dossier namedCommittee vice-chairAGRI22 Jul 2024

Show all 8 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

7 contributions recorded; 10 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
28 Apr 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Dec 2025Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
7 Oct 2025Common agricultural policy (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead
10 Jul 2025Post-2027 Common Agricultural Policy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
13 Mar 2025A Vision for Agriculture and Food (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
16 Sept 2024Outcome of the Strategic Dialogue on the Future of EU Agriculture (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2024Outcome of the Strategic Dialogue on the Future of EU Agriculture (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 7 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 15

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
10 Sept 2026Potential market disruption linked to the European Positive List process under Directive (EU) 2020/2184 E-10-2026-003614Written questionwith 9 co-authorsNot yet answered
12 Jun 2026Risk of full dependency on China for vitamins and potential implications for food and health security E-10-2026-002428Written questionwith 4 co-authors29 Jul 2026
6 May 2026Practical feasibility of labelling requirements for secondary and tertiary reusable packaging under Articles 12 and 15(8) PPWR E-10-2026-001856Written questionwith 12 co-authors10 Jul 2026
14 Jan 2026Strengthening Europe’s printed circuit boards & electronics production E-10-2026-000120Written questionwith 15 co-authors24 Mar 2026
28 Nov 2025EU Organic Regulation ((EU) 2018/848) – deletion of salt E-10-2025-004724Written questionwith 7 co-authors19 Jan 2026
19 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protection of EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materials B-10-2025-0500Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors—
25 Aug 2025Classification of the sika deer as an invasive species – impact on husbandry and management E-10-2025-003281Written questionwith 1 co-author26 Sept 2025
24 Jul 2025Simplification of high-impact environmental legislation E-10-2025-003078Written questionwith 1 co-author18 Sept 2025
4 Jun 2025Impact assessment of Directive (EU) 2024/3019 E-10-2025-002227Written questionwith 10 co-authors30 Jul 2025
19 Mar 2025Organic Regulation’s run provisions E-10-2025-001177Written questionwith 4 co-authors29 Apr 2025

Show all 15 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 96

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
28 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-791123 ENVI15
20 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790834 ENVI2
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI4
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI5
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790958 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790954 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790955 AGRI4
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790964 AGRI3
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI2
10 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789913 ENVI3

Show all 96 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
2 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Norbert LINS”. Member record. memberId 124808. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124808?page=62&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 2 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124808. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124808?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124808,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Norbert LINS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124808?page=62&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124808?page=62&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-02},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124808. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124808. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}