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Member

Stefan KÖHLER

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
94.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
98.1 %ⓘ of 585 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
CSU Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e.V.
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
7 of 542 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI, DEVE (substitute), ENVI, PETI (substitute)
Member id
256973
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

94.4 %

585 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (+3.8 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.1 %

574 of 585 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+2.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.3 %

7 of 542 votes where their group had a clear line

4 opposite (for ↔ against), 3 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

0.5 %

3 of 585 votes cast

Participation 94.4 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Stefan KÖHLER94.4 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 98.1 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Stefan KÖHLER98.1 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 4 to recital G 184 for, 453 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 3, adding text after recital F 187 for, 437 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 9 to recital A 195 for, 429 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 131 — part 1 250 for, 358 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Separate vote on paragraph 95 424 for, 195 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 83 214 for, 359 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Paragraph 72 — part 2 333 for, 210 against, 92 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Paragraph 66 — part 2 279 for, 334 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 56 105 for, 462 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 48 206 for, 412 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 41 110 for, 460 against, 74 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 12 to paragraph 41 105 for, 459 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 1 141 for, 459 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 10 to paragraph 1 143 for, 458 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024Amendment of the EIB’s Statute Final vote on the draft Council decisionPassed 510 for, 105 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Faster and Safer Relief of Excess Withholding Taxes Final votePassed 555 for, 48 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Electronic value added tax exemption certificate Final votePassed 621 for, 10 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Final votePassed 371 for, 240 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 12 to Article 1, paragraph 1, after point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 Article 30, paragraph 4 309 for, 311 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 11 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 319 for, 300 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 10 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 314 for, 303 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 9 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 311 for, 308 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 7 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 303 for, 292 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 6 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 308 for, 303 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 5 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 308 for, 303 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 4 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 324 for, 296 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 3 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 306 for, 303 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
13 Nov 2024Thursday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group Thursday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group 201 for, 353 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2024Wednesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew and PPE groups Wednesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew and PPE groups 309 for, 191 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 432 for, 60 against, 71 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 17 162 for, 378 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Paragraph 8 — part 2 488 for, 44 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Paragraph 6 — part 1 531 for, 4 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Separate vote on paragraph 4 511 for, 9 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 453 for, 31 against, 89 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Separate vote on paragraph 18 544 for, 6 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Separate vote on paragraph 17 577 for, 1 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Paragraph 10 — part 2 423 for, 113 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Amendment 2 to paragraph 10 152 for, 394 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Amendment 1 to paragraph 10 258 for, 274 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Paragraph 3 — part 1 573 for, 0 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Separate vote on paragraph 1 527 for, 5 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Urgent need to revise the Medical Devices Regulation Paragraph 1 — part 2 420 for, 208 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Urgent need to revise the Medical Devices Regulation Paragraph 1 — part 1 545 for, 80 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Final votePassed 444 for, 179 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 20 to Annex, guideline 6, paragraph 3 — part 3 434 for, 172 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 20 to Annex, guideline 6, paragraph 3 — part 2 424 for, 192 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 20 to Annex, guideline 6, paragraph 3 — part 1 528 for, 54 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 15 263 for, 356 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 13 — part 2 443 for, 185 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 4 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany99 % of 4 696 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany99 % of 4 830 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany99 % of 4 319 shared89 %
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany99 % of 3 299 shared89 %
Ralf SEEKATZ EPPGermany99 % of 4 767 shared89 %
Oliver SCHENK EPPGermany99 % of 5 346 shared89 %
Lena DÜPONT EPPGermany99 % of 4 487 shared89 %
Norbert LINS EPPGermany99 % of 5 282 shared89 %
Marion WALSMANN EPPGermany99 % of 5 280 shared89 %
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany99 % of 4 286 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia89 % of 4 811 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania87 % of 4 734 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany87 % of 3 487 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium87 % of 5 231 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands87 % of 4 004 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany87 % of 5 245 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany87 % of 5 295 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands87 % of 4 707 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany87 % of 4 615 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania87 % of 3 815 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on DevelopmentDEVE CommitteeSubstitute12 Jun 2026now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeChair29 Jun 2026now
Delegation for relations with CanadaD-CA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with MercosurDMER DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupVice-chair31 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on Sustainable LivestockIG10-15 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Mental HealthIG10-17 Intergroup / working groupMember5 Feb 2025now

Show all 14 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAGRI8 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI13 Jul 2026
No dossier namedDelegation chairDCAR29 Jun 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationPETI12 Jan 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAGRI2 Sept 2025
Ensuring faster registration and uptake of biological control agentsShadow rapporteurAGRI16 Jun 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationPETI1 Apr 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI1 Apr 2025
Monitoring framework for resilient European forestsShadow rapporteurAGRI27 Sept 2024
OPINION on the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of animals during transport and related operations, amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1255/97 and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005Shadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI5 Aug 2024

Show all 10 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

9 contributions recorded; 12 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 9 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 25

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
10 Sept 2026Potential market disruption linked to the European Positive List process under Directive (EU) 2020/2184 E-10-2026-003614Written questionwith 9 co-authorsNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026Clarification on the scope of ‘consumer products’ in the proposed restriction of PFAS E-10-2026-003101Written questionwith 10 co-authors25 Sept 2026
23 Jul 2026Energy Performance of Buildings Directive E-10-2026-003113Written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
12 Jun 2026Risk of full dependency on China for vitamins and potential implications for food and health security E-10-2026-002428Written questionwith 4 co-authors29 Jul 2026
9 Jun 2026Planned ban on PFAS chemicals and impact on the food processing industry E-10-2026-002369Written questionwith 3 co-authors31 Jul 2026
7 May 2026Issues with the implementation of new Waste Shipment Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 P-10-2026-001895Priority written question3 Jul 2026
7 May 2026Interpretation of Annex V (Row 1) to the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation on grouped packaging and impact on supply chains E-10-2026-001896Written questionwith 17 co-authors16 Jul 2026
6 May 2026Practical feasibility of labelling requirements for secondary and tertiary reusable packaging under Articles 12 and 15(8) PPWR E-10-2026-001856Written questionwith 12 co-authors10 Jul 2026
18 Mar 2026Clarification on the interpretation of Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitats Directive), in particular Articles 12 and 16 thereof, in light of Communication C(2021)7301 P-10-2026-001149Priority written question6 May 2026
20 Jan 2026Revision of Regulation (EC) N° 1831/2003 on feed additives E-10-2026-000201Written questionwith 8 co-authors23 Mar 2026

Show all 25 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 99

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
10 Sept 2026on the proposal for a Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council ITRE-AM-790812 ITRE39
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791874 CJ728
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791073 CJ722
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-790967 CJ722
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791873 CJ721
17 Jul 2026Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agriculture AGRI-AM-791100 AGRI1
17 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790898 AGRI1
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI3
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI5
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI1

Show all 99 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Stefan KÖHLER”. Member record. memberId 256973. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256973?page=113&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256973. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256973?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256973,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Stefan KÖHLER}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256973?page=113&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256973?page=113&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256973. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256973. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}