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Member

Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU

S&D · Greece

Group
S&D
Country
Greece
Roll-call participation
99.0 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
96.9 %ⓘ of 614 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
KINAL PASOK-KINAL
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
16 of 608 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI (substitute), ENVI, PECH, REGI (substitute)
Member id
256829
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

99.0 %

614 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (+9.5 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

96.9 %

595 of 614 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (−0.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.6 %

16 of 608 votes where their group had a clear line

9 opposite (for ↔ against), 7 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.6 %

10 of 614 votes cast

Participation 99.0 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU99.0 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 96.9 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU96.9 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 6, adding text before paragraph 1 163 for, 414 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 5, adding text before paragraph 1 118 for, 512 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 4, adding text before paragraph 1 109 for, 444 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 3, adding text before paragraph 1 46 for, 600 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 737 457 for, 192 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 328 73 for, 556 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 156 519 for, 74 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 334 141 for, 486 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 733 454 for, 141 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 317 180 for, 452 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 316 156 for, 473 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 213 617 for, 32 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 726 570 for, 54 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 315 193 for, 437 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 314 199 for, 422 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 618 195 for, 432 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 313 174 for, 453 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 725 591 for, 49 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 332 87 for, 512 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 309 72 for, 513 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 693 617 for, 22 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholePassed 431 for, 131 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Paragraph 16 — part 2 417 for, 204 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Separate vote on paragraph 14 429 for, 206 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch Final vote — text as a wholePassed 601 for, 47 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Final vote — text as a wholePassed 522 for, 115 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 5 193 for, 455 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Paragraph 4 — part 2 391 for, 201 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Final vote — text as a wholePassed 531 for, 91 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Separate vote on paragraph 6 417 for, 192 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine Final votePassed 518 for, 56 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew Group 158 for, 288 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group 164 for, 319 against, 1 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 540 for, 23 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 59 for, 524 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 5 132 for, 442 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 4 132 for, 374 against, 105 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 495 for, 73 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on recital O 473 for, 114 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 2 487 for, 113 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 1 501 for, 65 against, 95 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on paragraph 9 490 for, 114 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 2 — part 2 499 for, 98 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 212 for, 316 against, 134 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 2 456 for, 126 against, 64 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 1 504 for, 89 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 93 for, 526 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 508 for, 53 against, 104 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on recital C 572 for, 46 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 17 542 for, 70 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 0 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Yannis MANIATIS S&DGreece99 % of 4 675 shared93 %
Nikos PAPANDREOU S&DGreece98 % of 4 893 shared93 %
Nikolas FARANTOURIS changed group S&DGreece98 % of 813 shared93 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal96 % of 5 367 shared93 %
Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ S&DLithuania96 % of 5 470 shared93 %
Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA S&DSpain95 % of 3 960 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain95 % of 5 381 shared93 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal95 % of 5 640 shared93 %
Camilla LAURETI S&DItaly95 % of 5 675 shared93 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal95 % of 5 157 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium88 % of 4 135 shared86 %
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly88 % of 1 755 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia87 % of 4 990 shared86 %
Bernard GUETTA RenewFrance87 % of 5 129 shared86 %
Pascal CANFIN RenewFrance87 % of 5 231 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia87 % of 5 445 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands87 % of 5 737 shared86 %
Valérie HAYER RenewFrance87 % of 5 549 shared86 %
Marjan ŠAREC RenewSlovenia87 % of 5 173 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands87 % of 5 791 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Committee on FisheriesPECH CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Regional DevelopmentREGI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of ChinaD-CN DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Caribbean-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDCAB Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on DisabilityIG10-10 Intergroup / working groupMember11 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on Resilience, Disaster Management and Civil ProtectionIG10-19 Intergroup / working groupMember1 Oct 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Official China delegationOfficial delegationD-CN18 May 2026
Strengthening the resilience of the EU fisheries sector in dealing with major marine incidents and hazardsShadow rapporteurPECH18 May 2026
Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting proceduresShadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI11 Mar 2026
Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteur for an opinionENVI24 Feb 2026
European fisheries and aquaculture statistics and repealing Regulations (EC) No 1921/2006, (EC) No 762/2008, (EC) No 216/2009, (EC) No 217/2009 and (EC) No 218/2009RapporteurPECH11 Feb 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationREGI11 Feb 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationPECH11 Feb 2026
Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response, and repealing Decision No 1313/2013/EU (Union Civil Protection Mechanism)Shadow rapporteur for an opinionREGI27 Jan 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationPECH18 Feb 2025

Show all 9 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

39 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 50 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Devastating heatwaves, wildfires and droughts in Europe: lessons from summer 2026 (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
9 Jul 2026Evaluation of the common fisheries policy and follow-up (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Harnessing the potential of a competitive and sustainable EU Bioeconomy Strategy for EU strategic autonomy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 Jun 2026Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Electrification Action Plan (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
12 Mar 2026Rail transport safety in the EU – lessons learnt from the Adamuz accident and three years after the Tempi tragedy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
11 Mar 2026Package travel and linked travel arrangements: make the protection of travellers more effective and simplify and clarify certain aspects (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 39 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 119

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION The deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong, including the arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tun B-10-2026-0401Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
2 Sept 2026Non-inclusion of the planned rent subsidy in the Greek Social Climate Plan E-10-2026-003446Written questionNot yet answered
27 Aug 2026IACS 2026 – Making the most of the possibility of earlier advance payments E-10-2026-003358Written questionNot yet answered
19 Aug 2026Early harvesting and illegal trade of Greek kiwi fruit – need to protect their quality and reputation in EU markets E-10-2026-003297Written questionNot yet answered
18 Aug 2026Türkiye’s designation of two marine parks in violation of international law and Greek sovereign rights in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean E-10-2026-003292Written questionwith 3 co-authorsNot yet answered
17 Aug 2026Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine on Mount Sinai: rule of law and EU-Egypt relations E-10-2026-003286Written questionwith 3 co-authorsNot yet answered
14 Aug 2026European funding to upgrade the electricity grid and prevent wildfires in Greece E-10-2026-003280Written questionNot yet answered
12 Aug 2026High toll fees on roads co-financed by the EU and European territorial cohesion E-10-2026-003274Written questionNot yet answered
24 Jul 2026Direct funding to address water scarcity and ensure safe drinking water in the outlying island of Ereikoussa E-10-2026-003119Written question4 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Ensuring the continued operation of the Blue Flag Programme under Directive (EU) 2024/825 E-10-2026-003031Written questionwith 29 co-authors18 Sept 2026

Show all 119 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 99

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy – the driving force in implementing the EU agenda for cities REGI-AM-791872 REGI10
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy – the driving force in implementing the EU agenda for cities REGI-AM-791875 REGI22
23 Jul 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110 ENVI-AM-791125 ENVI74
23 Jul 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110 ENVI-AM-791124 ENVI48
17 Jul 2026Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agriculture AGRI-AM-791100 AGRI7
17 Jul 2026Multiannual plan for the fisheries exploiting demersal stocks in the western Mediterranean Sea PECH-AM-791020 PECH30
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections PECH-AM-791014 PECH2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI13
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790954 AGRI6
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI10

Show all 99 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Greece National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU”. Member record. memberId 256829. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256829?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256829. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256829?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256829,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256829?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256829?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256829. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256829. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}