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Member

Ralf SEEKATZ

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
88.0 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
98.4 %ⓘ of 5 219 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 93.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
44 of 4 968 votesⓘ
Committees
ECON, INTA (substitute)
Member id
197425
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

88.0 %

5 219 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

EPP median: 89.9 % (−1.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.4 %

5 133 of 5 219 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 93.6 % (+4.7 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.9 %

44 of 4 968 votes where their group had a clear line

34 opposite (for ↔ against), 9 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

0.8 %

42 of 5 219 votes cast

Participation 88.0 % — EPP median 89.9 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Ralf SEEKATZ88.0 %
EPP median89.9 %
Lowest in the group17.0 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members196
With majority line 98.4 % — EPP median 93.6 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Ralf SEEKATZ98.4 %
EPP median93.6 %
Lowest in the group70.2 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members196
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 101 — part 2 460 for, 194 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 101 — part 1 475 for, 171 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 53 to paragraph 99 167 for, 470 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 94, adding text after paragraph 88 117 for, 489 against, 65 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 82 458 for, 163 against, 43 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 80 234 for, 414 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 80 209 for, 445 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 80 — part 2 466 for, 187 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 51 to paragraph 80 — part 2 209 for, 447 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 51 to paragraph 80 — part 1 199 for, 458 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 50, adding text after paragraph 79 196 for, 461 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 49, adding text after paragraph 79 203 for, 446 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 48, adding text after paragraph 78 190 for, 460 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 78 191 for, 458 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 78 209 for, 450 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 82 to paragraph 65 194 for, 437 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 45 to paragraph 61 178 for, 463 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 44, adding text after paragraph 56 148 for, 462 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 56 201 for, 453 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 42, adding text after paragraph 53 197 for, 464 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 53 212 for, 439 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 50 — part 2 465 for, 136 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 41, adding text after paragraph 48 170 for, 462 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 40, adding text after paragraph 48 129 for, 465 against, 73 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 48 195 for, 455 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 48 173 for, 457 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 48 467 for, 185 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 92 to paragraph 48 217 for, 427 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 47 458 for, 156 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 44 128 for, 492 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 42 85 for, 538 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 38, adding text after paragraph 34 192 for, 462 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 34 201 for, 446 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 34 — part 2 440 for, 189 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 32 168 for, 447 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 32 — part 2 482 for, 67 against, 121 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 30 433 for, 137 against, 93 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 29 162 for, 450 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 29 140 for, 493 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 25 188 for, 452 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 24 111 for, 535 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 34 to paragraph 22 133 for, 481 against, 55 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 33, adding text after paragraph 20 191 for, 462 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 19 188 for, 464 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 17 434 for, 235 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 15 — part 2 434 for, 195 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 65, adding text after paragraph 13 154 for, 474 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 12 197 for, 462 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 12 404 for, 217 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 9 — part 2 413 for, 237 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 25 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242320
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249291
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129128
24 Oct 20241312
13 Nov 202420
14 Nov 20243635
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241110
28 Nov 2024570
17 Dec 20241312
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 2024450
20 Jan 202520
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254535
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253227
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253019
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228226
13 Mar 20252423
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251240
3 Apr 20256255
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220220
8 May 202510387
21 May 202520
22 May 20255350
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259173
19 Jun 2025870
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 2025101100
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256961
6 Oct 202520
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255554
9 Oct 20256563
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186182
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 202512597
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 20256665
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254224
20 Jan 20266766
21 Jan 202611297
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141109
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202610
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266968
27 Apr 202620
28 Apr 2026225225
29 Apr 2026296292
30 Apr 20266859
18 May 202640
19 May 202633
20 May 20269694
21 May 20269864
15 Jun 202620
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127112
18 Jun 20267773
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 20267270
8 Jul 2026144141
9 Jul 2026670
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155154
16 Sept 20268076
17 Sept 20261240

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany100 % of 3 361 shared89 %
Oliver SCHENK EPPGermany100 % of 5 153 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany99 % of 4 116 shared89 %
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany99 % of 4 765 shared89 %
Marion WALSMANN EPPGermany99 % of 5 102 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany99 % of 4 672 shared89 %
Stefan KÖHLER EPPGermany99 % of 4 767 shared89 %
Lena DÜPONT EPPGermany99 % of 4 388 shared89 %
Norbert LINS EPPGermany99 % of 5 081 shared89 %
Andrea WECHSLER EPPGermany99 % of 5 062 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia89 % of 4 802 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania88 % of 4 681 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland88 % of 4 095 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany88 % of 3 614 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands88 % of 3 887 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium88 % of 5 045 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany87 % of 4 295 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany87 % of 5 114 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania87 % of 3 768 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands87 % of 4 536 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with JapanD-JP DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)DASE DelegationSubstitute20 May 2026now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember15 Jun 2026now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblyMember15 Jun 2026now
Intergroup on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)IG10-22 Intergroup / working groupMember12 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember30 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationMember19 Sept 202414 Jun 2026

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationECON20 May 2026
European Central Bank – annual report 2025Shadow rapporteurECON6 Oct 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securitisation exposuresRapporteurECON30 Jun 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 laying down a general framework for securitisation and creating a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisationRapporteurECON30 Jun 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securities financing transactions under the net stable funding ratioShadow rapporteurECON7 May 2025
IPM Kapstadt, South AfricaOfficial delegation5 Feb 2025
Banking Union – annual report 2024RapporteurECON15 Oct 2024
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurECON26 Sept 2024

Show all 8 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

9 contributions recorded; 2 on behalf of their group; 13 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
21 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 on securitisation and a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation (A10-0138/2026 - Ralf Seekatz) (vote) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 1 minRead
11 Mar 2026Savings and Investments Union: time to accelerate the process to deepen market integration (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Feb 2026European Central Bank – annual report 2025 (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
7 May 2025Banking Union – annual report 2024 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 May 2025Banking Union – annual report 2024 (debate) Speech · 3 minRead
7 May 2025Competition policy – annual report 2024 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
31 Mar 2025Savings and Investments Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
13 Nov 2024Fight against money laundering and terrorist financing: listing Russia as a high-risk third country in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 Sept 2024Organised crime, a major threat to the internal security of the European Union and European citizens (topical debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 9 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 11

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
23 Jul 2026Energy Performance of Buildings Directive E-10-2026-003113Written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
22 Jul 2026Payment authorisations facilitating unlicensed online gambling in the EU E-10-2026-003078Written questionwith 1 co-author18 Sept 2026
14 Jan 2026Strengthening Europe’s printed circuit boards & electronics production E-10-2026-000120Written questionwith 15 co-authors24 Mar 2026
13 Jan 2026Drawdown and settlement status of EU structural funds in the 2014-2020 funding period – Rhineland-Palatinate programmes P-10-2026-000096Priority written question26 Feb 2026
18 Nov 2025Distortions of competition and possible circumvention of EU sanctions regimes against Belarus and Russia E-10-2025-004585Written question2 Feb 2026
25 Jun 2025Account information services in the anti-money laundering (AML) framework E-10-2025-002564Written questionwith 1 co-author12 Sept 2025
4 Jun 2025Impact assessment of Directive (EU) 2024/3019 E-10-2025-002227Written questionwith 10 co-authors30 Jul 2025
23 May 2025Consequences of the anti-dumping case brought by Imerys S.A. (C/2024/7049) E-10-2025-002084Written question9 Jul 2025
21 Feb 2025Flood protection measures versus nature conservation E-10-2025-000813Written questionwith 15 co-authors29 Apr 2025
21 Jan 2025Approval of State aid for Solar Package I E-10-2025-000235Written question18 Feb 2025

Show all 11 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 15

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 15 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Ralf SEEKATZ”. Member record. memberId 197425. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197425?page=6&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197425. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197425?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197425,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Ralf SEEKATZ}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197425?page=6&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197425?page=6&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197425. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197425. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}