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Member

Marc BOTENGA

The Left · Belgium

Group
The Left
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
89.0 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
78.1 %ⓘ of 547 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 86.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PVDA-PTB
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
71 of 454 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, ECON (substitute), ITRE (substitute), SEDE
Member id
187917
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

89.0 %

552 of 620 final votes while in office

The Left median: 86.9 % (+2.1 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

78.1 %

427 of 547 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 86.6 % (−8.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

15.6 %

71 of 454 votes where their group had a clear line

7 opposite (for ↔ against), 52 abstained against the line, 12 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

21.0 %

116 of 552 votes cast

Participation 89.0 % — The Left median 86.9 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Marc BOTENGA89.0 %
The Left median86.9 %
Lowest in the group37.7 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members47
With majority line 78.1 % — The Left median 86.6 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Marc BOTENGA78.1 %
The Left median86.6 %
Lowest in the group64.5 %
Highest in the group91.8 %
Members47
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 6, adding text before paragraph 1 163 for, 414 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 5, adding text before paragraph 1 118 for, 512 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 4, adding text before paragraph 1 109 for, 444 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 3, adding text before paragraph 1 46 for, 600 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 737 457 for, 192 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 328 73 for, 556 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 156 519 for, 74 against, 57 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 334 141 for, 486 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 733 454 for, 141 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 317 180 for, 452 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 316 156 for, 473 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 213 617 for, 32 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 726 570 for, 54 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 315 193 for, 437 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 314 199 for, 422 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 618 195 for, 432 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 313 174 for, 453 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 725 591 for, 49 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 332 87 for, 512 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 309 72 for, 513 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 693 617 for, 22 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholePassed 431 for, 131 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Paragraph 16 — part 2 417 for, 204 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Separate vote on paragraph 14 429 for, 206 against, 26 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch Final vote — text as a wholePassed 601 for, 47 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Final vote — text as a wholePassed 522 for, 115 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 5 193 for, 455 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Paragraph 4 — part 2 391 for, 201 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Final vote — text as a wholePassed 531 for, 91 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Separate vote on paragraph 6 417 for, 192 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine Final votePassed 518 for, 56 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew Group 158 for, 288 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group 164 for, 319 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 540 for, 23 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 59 for, 524 against, 30 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 5 132 for, 442 against, 27 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 4 132 for, 374 against, 105 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 495 for, 73 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on recital O 473 for, 114 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 2 487 for, 113 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 1 501 for, 65 against, 95 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on paragraph 9 490 for, 114 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Tie
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 2 — part 2 499 for, 98 against, 67 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 212 for, 316 against, 134 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 2 456 for, 126 against, 64 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 1 504 for, 89 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Tie
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 93 for, 526 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 508 for, 53 against, 104 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on recital C 572 for, 46 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 17 542 for, 70 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 5 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany94 % of 2 698 shared87 %
Rudi KENNES The LeftBelgium93 % of 5 118 shared87 %
Özlem DEMIREL The LeftGermany93 % of 4 381 shared87 %
Giorgos GEORGIOU The LeftCyprus92 % of 3 987 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain92 % of 4 738 shared87 %
Isabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftSpain91 % of 3 102 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal91 % of 4 187 shared87 %
Estrella GALÁN The LeftSpain90 % of 4 436 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany90 % of 4 738 shared87 %
Luke Ming FLANAGAN The LeftIreland90 % of 3 989 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain81 % of 4 369 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain80 % of 4 729 shared77 %
Maria ZACHARIA No groupGreece80 % of 5 136 shared37 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly79 % of 4 958 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly79 % of 4 350 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain78 % of 4 332 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly78 % of 4 445 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance78 % of 5 020 shared77 %
Ignazio Roberto MARINO GreensItaly78 % of 3 917 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium77 % of 4 814 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Subcommittee on Tax MattersFISC SubcommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with PalestineDPAL DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember14 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)Shadow rapporteurSEDE19 May 2026
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)Shadow rapporteurITRE7 May 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET28 Apr 2026
Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructureShadow rapporteurSEDE23 Mar 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE17 Mar 2026
Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response, and repealing Decision No 1313/2013/EU (Union Civil Protection Mechanism)Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE10 Mar 2026
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the European cybersecurity certification framework, and ICT supply chain security and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/881 (The Cybersecurity Act 2)Shadow rapporteurITRE10 Mar 2026
Amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards simplification measures and alignment with the [Proposal for the Cybersecurity Act 2]Shadow rapporteurITRE10 Mar 2026
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE26 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activitiesShadow rapporteurITRE19 Nov 2025

Show all 27 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

128 contributions recorded; 25 on behalf of their group; 166 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Escalation in the Middle East (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda: EU solidarity and preparedness in global health (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 100

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0396Motion for a resolution—
3 Aug 2026Safeguards against perceived conflicts of interest in appointments to the CJEU E-10-2026-003191Written questionNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Urgent appeal for the release of Dr Hussam Abu Safiya E-10-2026-003029Written questionwith 17 co-authors2 Sept 2026
14 Jul 2026State of play of negotiations on the agreement on the exchange of personal data between Europol and Israel E-10-2026-002925Written questionwith 24 co-authors1 Sept 2026
7 Jul 2026Transparency regarding EU-funded infrastructure destroyed in Gaza E-10-2026-002805Written questionwith 39 co-authors4 Sept 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
29 Jun 2026Is the EU complicit in the US war of aggression against Iran? E-10-2026-002694Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: legal basis for the suspension announcement of 4 March 2022 E-10-2026-002657Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: attribution of state conduct to beneficiaries and participating entities E-10-2026-002659Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: case-by-case assessment versus general suspension of payments to Russian entities between 4 March and 8 April 2022 E-10-2026-002661Written questionNot yet answered

Show all 100 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 50

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections AFET-AM-791057 AFET1
15 Jun 2026EU-Syria political relations AFET-AM-789951 AFET21
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788902 ITRE3
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788900 ITRE6
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788899 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788897 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788896 ITRE28
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788849 ITRE12
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788905 ITRE10

Show all 50 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Marc BOTENGA”. Member record. memberId 187917. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/187917. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/187917?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-187917,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Marc BOTENGA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 187917. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/187917. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}