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Member

Elio DI RUPO

S&D · Belgium

Group
S&D
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
89.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
94.4 %ⓘ of 557 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
PS Parti Socialiste
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
29 of 550 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, LIBE (substitute), SEDE
Member id
1294
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

89.8 %

557 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (+0.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

94.4 %

526 of 557 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (−2.7 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

5.3 %

29 of 550 votes where their group had a clear line

16 opposite (for ↔ against), 13 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

2.7 %

15 of 557 votes cast

Participation 89.8 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Elio DI RUPO89.8 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 94.4 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Elio DI RUPO94.4 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 6, adding text before paragraph 1 163 for, 414 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 5, adding text before paragraph 1 118 for, 512 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 4, adding text before paragraph 1 109 for, 444 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Amendment 3, adding text before paragraph 1 46 for, 600 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 737 457 for, 192 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 328 73 for, 556 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 156 519 for, 74 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 334 141 for, 486 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 733 454 for, 141 against, 56 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 317 180 for, 452 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 316 156 for, 473 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 213 617 for, 32 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 726 570 for, 54 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 315 193 for, 437 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 314 199 for, 422 against, 28 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 618 195 for, 432 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 313 174 for, 453 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 725 591 for, 49 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 332 87 for, 512 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 309 72 for, 513 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sections Amendment 693 617 for, 22 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholePassed 431 for, 131 against, 83 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Paragraph 16 — part 2 417 for, 204 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Separate vote on paragraph 14 429 for, 206 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch Final vote — text as a wholePassed 601 for, 47 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Final vote — text as a wholePassed 522 for, 115 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 5 193 for, 455 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Paragraph 4 — part 2 391 for, 201 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Final vote — text as a wholePassed 531 for, 91 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Separate vote on paragraph 6 417 for, 192 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine Final votePassed 518 for, 56 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew Group 158 for, 288 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
21 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group 164 for, 319 against, 1 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 540 for, 23 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 59 for, 524 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 5 132 for, 442 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
10 Oct 2024The case of Bülent Mumay in Türkiye Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 4 132 for, 374 against, 105 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 495 for, 73 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on recital O 473 for, 114 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 2 487 for, 113 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 22 — part 1 501 for, 65 against, 95 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Separate vote on paragraph 9 490 for, 114 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 2 — part 2 499 for, 98 against, 67 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 212 for, 316 against, 134 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 2 456 for, 126 against, 64 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Paragraph 1 — part 1 504 for, 89 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 93 for, 526 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 508 for, 53 against, 104 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on recital C 572 for, 46 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 17 542 for, 70 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 10 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Estelle CEULEMANS S&DBelgium91 % of 5 000 shared93 %
Antonio DECARO Former memberS&DItaly90 % of 2 056 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain90 % of 5 009 shared93 %
Francisco ASSIS S&DPortugal90 % of 4 427 shared93 %
Kathleen VAN BREMPT S&DBelgium90 % of 5 061 shared93 %
Marc ANGEL S&DLuxembourg90 % of 5 189 shared93 %
Günther SIDL S&DAustria90 % of 4 897 shared93 %
Irene TINAGLI S&DItaly90 % of 5 169 shared93 %
Udo BULLMANN S&DGermany90 % of 4 473 shared93 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal90 % of 4 882 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Mélissa CAMARA GreensFrance86 % of 4 533 shared83 %
Vladimir PREBILIČ GreensSlovenia86 % of 4 585 shared83 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium85 % of 4 009 shared86 %
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly85 % of 1 583 shared86 %
Irena JOVEVA RenewSlovenia84 % of 5 131 shared86 %
Kim VAN SPARRENTAK GreensNetherlands84 % of 5 099 shared83 %
Catarina VIEIRA GreensNetherlands84 % of 4 887 shared83 %
Terry REINTKE GreensGermany84 % of 4 955 shared83 %
Bas EICKHOUT Former memberGreensNetherlands84 % of 4 353 shared83 %
Pär HOLMGREN GreensSweden84 % of 5 142 shared83 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with the Federative Republic of BrazilD-BR DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union, including the EU-Morocco, EU-Tunisia and EU-Algeria Joint Parliamentary CommitteesDMAG DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Cohesion Policy and Outermost RegionsIG10-08 Intergroup / working groupMember25 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 16 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Situation of international law and the risks to multilateralism, democracy and the European UnionRapporteurAFET19 May 2026
Mission to Brazil 6-8 May 2026Official delegationD-BR7 Apr 2026
Framework of measures to facilitate the transport of military equipment, goods and personnel across the UnionShadow rapporteurSEDE23 Feb 2026
Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE23 Feb 2026
Military mobilityShadow rapporteurSEDE10 Sept 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 establishing the European Social Fund + (ESF+) as regards specific measures to address strategic challengesShadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE21 May 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET17 Mar 2025
Inter-Parliamentary Conference for the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CFSP/CSDP) in Warsaw from 23 to 25 March 2025Official delegation12 Feb 2025
AFET draft report on the 2023-2024 Commission Reports on Kosovo, 2025/2019(INI).Shadow rapporteurAFET28 Jan 2025
AFET opinion on providing MFA to EgypteShadow rapporteurAFET21 Nov 2024

Show all 10 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

21 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 27 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
11 Mar 2026EUCO and situation in the Middle East (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
11 Feb 2026Topical debate requested by a political group (S&D) (Rule 169) - State violence in Minneapolis and the rule of law in the United States (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Feb 2026Violence in the Great Lakes Region, particularly in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Dec 2025Preparation of the European Council meeting of 18-19 December 2025, in particular the need to support Ukraine, transatlantic relations and the EU’s strategic autonomy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Dec 2025Preparation of the European Council meeting of 18-19 December 2025, in particular the need to support Ukraine, transatlantic relations and the EU’s strategic autonomy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Dec 2025Preparation of the European Council meeting of 18-19 December 2025, in particular the need to support Ukraine, transatlantic relations and the EU’s strategic autonomy (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Dec 2025EU Defence Readiness (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Oct 2025Allegations of espionage by the Hungarian government within the EU institutions (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Oct 2025Request for waiver of immunity Speech · 1 minRead
7 Oct 2025This is Europe - Debate with the Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Luc Frieden (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 21 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 51

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
9 Sept 2026European defence readiness by 2030 E-10-2026-003595Written questionwith 1 co-authorNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026Chatbots directing women with unwanted pregnancies to anti-abortion websites E-10-2026-003539Written questionwith 67 co-authorsNot yet answered
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Follow-up to question for written answer E-001083/2025 on menstrual products: transparency and health risks E-10-2026-002698Written questionwith 43 co-authors18 Sept 2026
17 Jun 2026Request that the Commission publish evidence pertaining to the non-activation of the Blocking Statute E-10-2026-002520Written questionwith 31 co-authorsNot yet answered
11 Jun 2026Small modular reactors E-10-2026-002408Written questionwith 25 co-authors20 Aug 2026
8 Jun 2026Access to Temporary Protection Directive provisions in Belgium for babies born after 24 February 2022 E-10-2026-002349Written questionwith 6 co-authors31 Aug 2026
6 May 2026European capacity for AI-driven large-scale vulnerability research and cybersecurity resilience E-10-2026-001844Written questionwith 3 co-authors12 Aug 2026
6 May 2026European regulatory gap regarding offensive AI capabilities E-10-2026-001843Written questionwith 3 co-authors7 Jul 2026

Show all 51 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 28

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
15 Jun 2026A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the Mediterranean AFET-AM-789979 AFET26
11 Jun 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure SEDE-AM-789927 SEDE114
13 Apr 20262025 Commission report on Kosovo AFET-AM-785346 AFET18
10 Apr 2026Framework of measures to facilitate the transport of military equipment, goods and personnel across the Union CJ57-AM-786977 CJ5754
10 Apr 2026Framework of measures to facilitate the transport of military equipment, goods and personnel across the Union CJ57-AM-786975 CJ5735
10 Apr 2026Framework of measures to facilitate the transport of military equipment, goods and personnel across the Union CJ57-AM-786976 CJ5737
10 Apr 2026Framework of measures to facilitate the transport of military equipment, goods and personnel across the Union CJ57-AM-786978 CJ5721
6 Mar 2026Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 SEDE-AM-785215 SEDE34
26 Feb 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities SEDE-AM-785200 SEDE88
2 Feb 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 SEDE-AM-784153 SEDE13

Show all 28 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Elio DI RUPO”. Member record. memberId 1294. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1294?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1294. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/1294?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-1294,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Elio DI RUPO}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1294?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/1294?page=116&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 1294. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1294. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}