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Member

Emil RADEV

EPP · Bulgaria

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Bulgaria
Roll-call participation
77.7 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
91.3 %ⓘ of 482 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
GERB Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
9 of 445 votesⓘ
Committees
JURI (vice-chair), LIBE, PETI
Member id
124850
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

77.7 %

482 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−12.8 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

91.3 %

440 of 482 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (−4.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.0 %

9 of 445 votes where their group had a clear line

5 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.5 %

7 of 482 votes cast

Participation 77.7 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Emil RADEV77.7 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 91.3 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Emil RADEV91.3 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 4 to recital G 184 for, 453 against, 3 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 3, adding text after recital F 187 for, 437 against, 17 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 9 to recital A 195 for, 429 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 131 — part 1 250 for, 358 against, 24 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Separate vote on paragraph 95 424 for, 195 against, 18 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 83 214 for, 359 against, 36 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Paragraph 72 — part 2 333 for, 210 against, 92 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Paragraph 66 — part 2 279 for, 334 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 56 105 for, 462 against, 75 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 48 206 for, 412 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 41 110 for, 460 against, 74 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 12 to paragraph 41 105 for, 459 against, 79 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 1 141 for, 459 against, 43 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024UN Climate Change Conference 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan (COP29) Amendment 10 to paragraph 1 143 for, 458 against, 43 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
14 Nov 2024Amendment of the EIB’s Statute Final vote on the draft Council decisionPassed 510 for, 105 against, 27 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Faster and Safer Relief of Excess Withholding Taxes Final votePassed 555 for, 48 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Electronic value added tax exemption certificate Final votePassed 621 for, 10 against, 11 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Final votePassed 371 for, 240 against, 30 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 12 to Article 1, paragraph 1, after point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 Article 30, paragraph 4 309 for, 311 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 11 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 319 for, 300 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 10 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 314 for, 303 against, 23 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 9 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 311 for, 308 against, 23 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 7 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 303 for, 292 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 6 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 308 for, 303 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 5 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 308 for, 303 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 4 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 324 for, 296 against, 15 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
14 Nov 2024Deforestation Regulation: provisions relating to the date of application Amendment 3 to Article 1, paragraph 1, before point 1 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 306 for, 303 against, 18 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
13 Nov 2024Thursday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group Thursday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group 201 for, 353 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
13 Nov 2024Wednesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew and PPE groups Wednesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew and PPE groups 309 for, 191 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 432 for, 60 against, 71 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 17 162 for, 378 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Paragraph 8 — part 2 488 for, 44 against, 37 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Paragraph 6 — part 1 531 for, 4 against, 37 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024People’s Republic of China’s misinterpretation of the UN resolution 2758 and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan Separate vote on paragraph 4 511 for, 9 against, 50 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 453 for, 31 against, 89 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Separate vote on paragraph 18 544 for, 6 against, 24 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Separate vote on paragraph 17 577 for, 1 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Paragraph 10 — part 2 423 for, 113 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Amendment 2 to paragraph 10 152 for, 394 against, 31 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Amendment 1 to paragraph 10 258 for, 274 against, 49 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Paragraph 3 — part 1 573 for, 0 against, 7 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
24 Oct 2024Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with Armenia Separate vote on paragraph 1 527 for, 5 against, 38 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Urgent need to revise the Medical Devices Regulation Paragraph 1 — part 2 420 for, 208 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Urgent need to revise the Medical Devices Regulation Paragraph 1 — part 1 545 for, 80 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Final votePassed 444 for, 179 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 20 to Annex, guideline 6, paragraph 3 — part 3 434 for, 172 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 20 to Annex, guideline 6, paragraph 3 — part 2 424 for, 192 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 20 to Annex, guideline 6, paragraph 3 — part 1 528 for, 54 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 15 263 for, 356 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Amendment 13 — part 2 443 for, 185 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 22 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Andrey NOVAKOV EPPBulgaria95 % of 4 030 shared89 %
Andrey KOVATCHEV EPPBulgaria95 % of 4 250 shared89 %
Eva MAYDELL EPPBulgaria94 % of 1 817 shared89 %
Inese VAIDERE EPPLatvia92 % of 4 289 shared89 %
Sandra KALNIETE EPPLatvia91 % of 4 168 shared89 %
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany91 % of 3 658 shared89 %
Gheorghe FALCĂ EPPRomania91 % of 4 013 shared89 %
Sven SIMON EPPGermany91 % of 3 685 shared89 %
Siegfried MUREŞAN EPPRomania91 % of 4 283 shared89 %
Daniel BUDA EPPRomania91 % of 4 146 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia84 % of 3 894 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania84 % of 3 314 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania82 % of 3 756 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium82 % of 4 194 shared82 %
Dan NICA S&DRomania82 % of 2 975 shared75 %
Ivars IJABS RenewLatvia82 % of 3 354 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands82 % of 3 191 shared82 %
Anouk VAN BRUG RenewNetherlands81 % of 3 066 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands81 % of 3 755 shared82 %
Anna STÜRGKH RenewAustria81 % of 3 221 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countriesDMAS DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of AnimalsIG10-27 Intergroup / working groupVice-chair8 Jan 2025now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202422 Jul 2024

Show all 10 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Discharge 2025: General budget of the EU - Court of Justice of the European UnionShadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI23 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE10 Sept 2026
First Africa–EU Parliamentary AssemblyOfficial delegationDAFR5 May 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationJURI9 Apr 2026
Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus)Shadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI3 Mar 2026
Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693Shadow rapporteurJURI13 Jan 2026
Establishment of the digital euroOpinion rapporteurLIBE7 Jul 2025
DAFR fact finding mission to Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo – DRC), on 27-30 May 2025.Official delegationDAFR13 May 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationJURI8 Apr 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurJURI7 Mar 2025

Show all 14 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

13 contributions recorded, 7 written statements; 12 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 13 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 23

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
22 Jul 2026Ensuring cybersecurity, privacy and system integrity safeguards in DMA interoperability requirements for agentic AI E-10-2026-003096Written question17 Sept 2026
8 Jul 2026Impact of the recent US Supreme Court ruling on the EU–US Data Privacy Framework and European data sovereignty E-10-2026-002823Written questionwith 21 co-authorsNot yet answered
30 Jun 2026Follow-up to question for written answer E-001083/2025 on menstrual products: transparency and health risks E-10-2026-002698Written questionwith 43 co-authors18 Sept 2026
17 Jun 2026Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease under EU public health policy E-10-2026-002516Written questionwith 17 co-authors24 Aug 2026
30 Apr 2026Systemic shortcomings in food safety controls and imports in the EU E-10-2026-001772Written questionwith 18 co-authors3 Jul 2026
27 Apr 2026Digital gambling advertising E-10-2026-001710Written questionwith 16 co-authors3 Jul 2026
24 Apr 2026Concerns regarding the termination of the Bulgarian EPPO selection procedure E-10-2026-001688Written questionwith 13 co-authors15 Jun 2026
24 Apr 2026Concerns regarding the termination of the Bulgarian EPPO selection procedure E-10-2026-001689Written questionwith 13 co-authors30 Jul 2026
18 Mar 2026Compliance of the Italian law on the ‘splitting’ of cash movements with EU legislation on cash controls E-10-2026-001100Written question3 Jul 2026
4 Mar 2026EU preparedness for potential migratory pressure connected with the escalating tensions in the Middle East P-10-2026-000916Priority written question14 Apr 2026

Show all 23 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 30

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
22 Jul 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.' JURI-AM-791128 JURI12
22 Jul 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – ‘EU Inc.’ JURI-AM-791129 JURI21
22 Jul 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.' JURI-AM-791130 JURI18
22 Jul 2026The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.' JURI-AM-791131 JURI11
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790956 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI1
29 Jun 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) JURI-AM-790241 JURI1
29 Jun 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) JURI-AM-790236 JURI35
24 Jun 2026Establishing the Union support for internal security for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790119 LIBE6

Show all 30 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Bulgaria National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Emil RADEV”. Member record. memberId 124850. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124850?page=113&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124850. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124850?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124850,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Emil RADEV}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124850?page=113&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124850?page=113&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124850. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124850. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}