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Member

Costas MAVRIDES

S&D · Cyprus

Group
S&D
Country
Cyprus
Roll-call participation
71.1 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
96.6 %ⓘ of 441 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
DI.KO. Democratic Party
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
14 of 437 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, ECON, INTA (substitute), PETI (substitute), SEDE
Member id
124691
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

71.1 %

441 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (−18.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

96.6 %

426 of 441 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (−0.5 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

3.2 %

14 of 437 votes where their group had a clear line

9 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.4 %

6 of 441 votes cast

Participation 71.1 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Costas MAVRIDES71.1 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 96.6 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Costas MAVRIDES96.6 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 37 — part 6 431 for, 195 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 37 — part 5 435 for, 190 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 37 — part 4 538 for, 123 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 37 — part 3 562 for, 75 against, 36 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 37 — part 2 436 for, 187 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 37 — part 1 560 for, 101 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 24 — part 3 529 for, 105 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 24 — part 2 439 for, 190 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 24 — part 1 577 for, 57 against, 51 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 23 — part 4 361 for, 280 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 23 — part 3 452 for, 155 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 23 — part 2 525 for, 104 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 23 — part 1 593 for, 40 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 22 — part 2 454 for, 169 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2025Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum Paragraph 22 — part 1 613 for, 39 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 490 for, 147 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 31 100 for, 554 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 21 to paragraph 25 106 for, 547 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 4 to paragraph 23 141 for, 531 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 20 to paragraph 8 112 for, 520 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 19 to paragraph 7 107 for, 551 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 18 to paragraph 5 96 for, 546 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 17 to paragraph 4 95 for, 536 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 1 97 for, 547 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Georgia Amendment 1 to paragraph 1 154 for, 513 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 461 for, 121 against, 107 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 20 to recital L 470 for, 86 against, 130 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 9, adding text after recital H 187 for, 432 against, 63 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 1 to recital C 243 for, 416 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 8, adding text after citation 23 194 for, 461 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 85 103 for, 566 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 79 202 for, 454 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 79 170 for, 468 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 78 165 for, 487 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 6 to paragraph 76 541 for, 97 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 5 to paragraph 68 562 for, 62 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 45 177 for, 464 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 15 to paragraph 37 143 for, 477 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 26, adding text after paragraph 31 189 for, 447 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 4 to paragraph 29 235 for, 422 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 25 to paragraph 8 229 for, 427 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendments 3 + 14 (voted as one) to paragraph 8 286 for, 387 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 7 220 for, 375 against, 92 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 22 to paragraph 7 453 for, 120 against, 109 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 6 224 for, 434 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on North Macedonia Amendment 21 to paragraph 3 458 for, 109 against, 118 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 495 for, 130 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina Amendment 9, adding text after recital M 212 for, 469 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina Amendment 8, adding text after recital M 156 for, 510 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 20252023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina Amendment 7, adding text after recital M 114 for, 547 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 20 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal94 % of 3 755 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain94 % of 3 756 shared93 %
Marta TEMIDO S&DPortugal93 % of 3 688 shared93 %
Javi LÓPEZ S&DSpain93 % of 3 251 shared93 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal93 % of 3 877 shared93 %
Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ S&DLithuania93 % of 3 728 shared93 %
André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES S&DPortugal93 % of 3 482 shared93 %
Bernd LANGE S&DGermany93 % of 3 759 shared93 %
Francisco ASSIS S&DPortugal93 % of 3 210 shared93 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal93 % of 3 552 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly89 % of 1 277 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia87 % of 3 667 shared86 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium87 % of 3 140 shared86 %
Marjan ŠAREC RenewSlovenia87 % of 3 641 shared86 %
Valérie DEVAUX RenewFrance87 % of 3 586 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia87 % of 3 329 shared86 %
Bernard GUETTA RenewFrance87 % of 3 633 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands87 % of 3 915 shared86 %
Lucia YAR RenewSlovakia87 % of 3 954 shared86 %
Lukas SIEPER changed group RenewGermany87 % of 3 710 shared48 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on International TradeINTA CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with IsraelD-IL DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Subcommittee on Security and DefenceSEDE SubcommitteeMember19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET23 Feb 2026
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE26 Jan 2026
Providing macro-financial assistance to the Hashemite Kingdom of JordanShadow rapporteurINTA14 Oct 2025
Standing Shadow Rapporteur (for the S &D group) for MontenegroShadow rapporteurAFET28 Jan 2025
for Macro-financial assistance to Egypt - 2024/0071(COD)Shadow rapporteurINTA17 Jan 2025
Macro-financial assistance to Jordan - 2024/0086(COD)Shadow rapporteurINTA17 Jan 2025
INTA Monitoring Group for Mashreq/Middle East you will be shadow rapporteur for the two COD-files on Macro-financial assistance to Egypt - 2024/0071(COD) and Macro-financial assistance to Jordan - 2024/0086(COD).Shadow rapporteur for an opinionINTA10 Jan 2025
BUDG-ECON own-initiative report ‘Implementation report on the Recovery and Resilience Facility’Shadow rapporteurECON19 Nov 2024
AFET Opinion on providing macro-financial assistance to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan AFET/10/00377 -2024/0086(COD) - COM(2024)0159Shadow rapporteurAFET13 Nov 2024

Show all 9 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

59 contributions recorded, 2 written statements; 9 on behalf of their group; 72 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
14 Sept 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026The impact of the 1974 Turkish invasion on Cypriot women and girls, and the crimes committed by Turkish forces and consequences on gender equality (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026Order of business Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026An EU future for the Western Balkans (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 May 2026One-minute speeches on matters of political importance Speech · 1 minRead
30 Apr 2026How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases? (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 23

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
2 Sept 2026Flight safety in the Nicosia FIR and Türkiye’s compliance with European and international law E-10-2026-003460Written questionNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Ensuring the continued operation of the Blue Flag Programme under Directive (EU) 2024/825 E-10-2026-003031Written questionwith 29 co-authors18 Sept 2026
27 Apr 2026Allegations of exhumations and desecration of cemeteries in occupied Kyrenia E-10-2026-001699Written question17 Jun 2026
9 Feb 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefire B-10-2026-0138Motion for a resolutionwith 9 co-authors—
15 Dec 2025Illegal Turkish names of occupied areas of Cyprus used on European digital identity card platform E-10-2025-004936Written question9 Feb 2026
4 Dec 2025Predatory pricing in the payment services industry. Are we protecting small European merchants? E-10-2025-004808Written questionwith 10 co-authors26 Feb 2026
21 Oct 2025Oligopoly in the award of public construction projects E-10-2025-004147Written question21 Nov 2025
15 Oct 2025European regulatory framework on permissible rental control measures by Member States E-10-2025-004064Written question12 Dec 2025
26 Sept 2025Türkiye’s misuse of EU Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance funds E-10-2025-003759Written questionwith 12 co-authors24 Nov 2025
8 Sept 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the detention of EU Citizens in the Occupied areas of Cyprus B-10-2025-0383Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—

Show all 23 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 36

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790105 CJ711
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790099 CJ711
15 Jun 2026A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the Mediterranean AFET-AM-789979 AFET28
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788940 ITRE1
15 Apr 2026Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) ECON-AM-786900 ECON5
12 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye AFET-AM-785350 AFET33
12 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye AFET-AM-785351 AFET24
11 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Montenegro AFET-AM-785313 AFET6
2 Feb 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 SEDE-AM-784153 SEDE13
19 Dec 2025Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781235 ECON7

Show all 36 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Cyprus National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
1 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Costas MAVRIDES”. Member record. memberId 124691. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124691?page=79&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 1 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124691. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/124691?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-124691,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Costas MAVRIDES}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124691?page=79&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/124691?page=79&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-01},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 124691. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124691. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}