Dossier · Resolution on a topical subject
White paper on the future of European defence
- Reference
- 2025/2565(RSP) Resolution on a topical subject
- Where it stands
- Parliament adopted the text on 12 March 2025. This is its final position on the matter.
- Stage
- Parliament’s position
More facts (3)
- Decisions in plenary
- 1
- Last vote
- 12 Mar 2025 · Adopted
- Versions
- 10 versions
Where it stands
The steps of this kind of dossier and how far it has come, from the procedure file.
- Tabled for plenary (done)
- Plenary vote (done) Adopted 12 March 2025
- Parliament’s position (done) Final
A resolution tabled by political groups, usually on an urgent matter or in reaction to a statement by the Commission or Council. Not binding.
People
Committees and members responsible for the dossier, as the procedure file names them. Groups as recorded there.
The procedure file names no committee or rapporteur for this dossier.
Decisions in plenary, 1
Every decision Parliament took on this dossier, newest first.
| Date | Decision | Kind | Effect | Final vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Mar 2025 | White paper on the future of European defence | Resolutions | Adopted | 419 for, 204 against, 46 abstained by roll call |
Every roll-call vote on the dossier, in date and voting order, with each group's line at the date of the vote.
Each group's clear line at the date of the vote: a position with at least two thirds of the group's votes (at least 10 members voting), otherwise Divided; “< 10 voted” when fewer took part. Result: outcome, for–against–abstained (method).
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 36, adding text before paragraph 1
Rejected 87–520–14
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 37, adding text before paragraph 1
Rejected 93–557–15
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 38, adding text before paragraph 1
Rejected 57–582–23
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 102 to paragraph 1
Rejected 94–533–49
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 1
Rejected 68–497–99
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 1
Rejected 199–447–22
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 1
Rejected 75–543–60
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 2
Rejected 78–582–15
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 41, adding text after paragraph 2
Rejected 48–555–67
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 42, adding text after paragraph 2
Rejected 173–458–48
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 2
Rejected 248–381–43
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 44, adding text after paragraph 2
Rejected 75–547–60
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 83, adding text after paragraph 3
Adopted 407–212–60
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Divided
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 46 to paragraph 4 — part 1
Adopted 432–207–19
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 46 to paragraph 4 — part 2
Rejected 101–550–14
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 4
Rejected 89–561–27
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 48 to paragraph 5
Rejected 102–550–22
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 49, adding text after paragraph 5
Adopted 286–261–129
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 50, adding text after paragraph 5
Rejected 118–510–52
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 51, adding text after paragraph 6
Rejected 64–572–14
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 4 to paragraph 7
Rejected 239–353–80
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 7 — part 2
Adopted 420–222–32
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 7
Rejected 206–447–20
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 10
Rejected 251–309–116
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 11
Rejected 83–536–48
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 104 to paragraph 13
Adopted 356–229–86
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
-
Rejected 216–399–48
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
-
Rejected 99–538–34
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 53 to paragraph 15
Rejected 205–395–69
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 15 — part 1
Adopted 475–138–63
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 15 — part 2
Adopted 448–159–65
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 15 — part 3
Adopted 422–183–57
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 15 — part 4
Adopted 584–51–22
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 15
Rejected 215–391–70
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
-
Adopted 425–189–60
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
-
Rejected 278–357–40
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
-
Adopted 439–163–72
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
-
Rejected 314–322–32
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 19 — part 1
Adopted 452–123–107
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 19 — part 2
Adopted 409–208–52
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 19 — part 3
Adopted 466–142–62
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 19 — part 4
Adopted 469–132–69
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 55 to paragraph 20
Adopted 379–270–26
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 22
Rejected 91–501–85
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 57, adding text after paragraph 22
Rejected 77–510–71
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 84, adding text after paragraph 22
Adopted 457–172–45
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 105, adding text after paragraph 22
Adopted 523–76–72
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 29 — part 2
Adopted 567–27–75
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 29 — part 3
Adopted 528–63–85
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 10 to paragraph 32
Rejected 219–445–15
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Divided
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 59, adding text after paragraph 32
Adopted 485–129–55
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Separate vote on paragraph 33
Adopted 581–41–57
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 100 to paragraph 34
Rejected 281–318–78
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 11 to paragraph 37
Rejected 236–427–16
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 101 to paragraph 39
Rejected 159–442–73
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 44 — part 1
Adopted 561–76–41
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 44 — part 2
Adopted 513–122–32
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 103 to paragraph 46 — part 1
Adopted 478–102–94
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 103 to paragraph 46 — part 2
Adopted 316–281–58
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 96, adding text after paragraph 47
Rejected 203–448–13
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 97, adding text after paragraph 47
Rejected 203–456–18
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 48
Rejected 188–473–20
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Separate vote on paragraph 52
Adopted 439–136–96
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 61 to paragraph 54
Rejected 176–459–25
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 98, adding text after paragraph 55
Rejected 92–541–40
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 56
Rejected 209–283–180
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Abst.
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Separate vote on paragraph 57
Adopted 466–176–36
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 57
Rejected 191–445–31
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 62 to paragraph 58
Rejected 258–383–35
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 58 — part 3
Adopted 373–279–24
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 58 — part 4
Adopted 467–114–77
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 65, adding text after paragraph 58
Rejected 62–588–29
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Separate vote on paragraph 59
Adopted 476–184–13
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 67, adding text after paragraph 61
Rejected 64–514–93
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 66 to paragraph 62 — part 1
Rejected 122–502–47
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 66 to paragraph 62 — part 2
Rejected 227–425–21
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 68, adding text after paragraph 63
Rejected 65–571–35
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 69, adding text after paragraph 63
Rejected 52–566–43
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 70, adding text after paragraph 63
Rejected 54–569–44
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 71, adding text after paragraph 64
Rejected 102–528–46
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 85, adding text after paragraph 66
Rejected 200–425–53
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 14 to paragraph 68
Rejected 231–390–53
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Divided
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 108 to paragraph 68
Rejected 97–517–56
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Separate vote on paragraph 68
Adopted 480–130–67
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 68
Rejected 198–459–14
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 68
Rejected 208–400–70
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 69 — part 1
Adopted 528–75–67
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 69 — part 2
Adopted 355–155–159
- The Left
- Abst.
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 69 — part 3
Rejected 305–309–53
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- Divided
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 69
Rejected 216–438–25
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 69
Rejected 303–316–62
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 70 — part 1
Adopted 489–127–64
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 70 — part 2
Adopted 363–180–126
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 76 to paragraph 71 — part 1
Rejected 267–280–119
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 76 to paragraph 71 — part 2
Rejected 217–422–29
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Paragraph 73 — part 1
Adopted 400–216–58
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- Divided
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 19 to paragraph 74
Rejected 181–384–112
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Against
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 77, adding text after paragraph 74
Rejected 190–444–44
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 78, adding text after paragraph 74
Rejected 61–572–41
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 99 to recital A
Adopted 494–114–70
- The Left
- Abst.
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 22, adding text after recital E
Rejected 106–524–49
- The Left
- Divided
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 24, adding text after recital E
Rejected 279–301–94
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- For
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 25, adding text after recital J
Adopted 365–234–79
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Abst.
- Patriots
- For
- ESN
- For
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 32, adding text after recital P
Rejected 118–526–36
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Divided
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Amendment 1, adding text after recital T
Rejected 78–515–87
- The Left
- For
- Greens
- Against
- S&D
- Against
- Renew
- Against
- EPP
- Against
- ECR
- Against
- Patriots
- Abst.
- ESN
- Abst.
- 12 Mar 2025 Final vote — text as a whole
Adopted 419–204–46
- The Left
- Against
- Greens
- For
- S&D
- For
- Renew
- For
- EPP
- For
- ECR
- Divided
- Patriots
- Against
- ESN
- Against
Versions, 10
The text of the dossier, version by version, newest first. Compare shows what changed between two consecutive versions.
Adopted by Parliament12 Mar 2025
Adopted text TA10-0034/2025 TA-10-2025-0034
Tabled for plenary10 Mar 2025
Joint motion RC-B10-0146/2025 RC-10-2025-0146
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0148/2025 B-10-2025-0148
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025 B-10-2025-0151
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0145/2025 B-10-2025-0145
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0147/2025 B-10-2025-0147
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0150/2025 B-10-2025-0150
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0144/2025 B-10-2025-0144
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0146/2025 B-10-2025-0146
Tabled for plenary5 Mar 2025
Motion for a resolution B10-0149/2025 B-10-2025-0149
AI: Each version in short Written by AI from the official text — check the source
- Adopted text TA10-0034/2025: Parliament's resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence urges the EU to act urgently to ensure its own security, support Ukraine, and overhaul its defence approach.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0148/2025: This resolution calls on the EU to urgently strengthen its own security and defence, reduce dependencies, and support Ukraine, including through increased military aid and funding.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025: This resolution calls on EU member states to take independent control of their defence, develop a European Defence Alliance, and strengthen the defence industry while keeping cooperation intergovernmental.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0145/2025: This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence stresses that defence policy remains a Member State prerogative, with unanimity in the Council, and calls for increased cooperation, European preference, and investment in capabilities.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0147/2025: This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence calls for a comprehensive EU defence framework, increased support for Ukraine, stronger EU cooperation, and better preparedness against threats.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0150/2025: This resolution urges the EU to act immediately to protect citizens, deter enemies, and support allies, calling for a coherent strategy in the upcoming white paper on European defence.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0144/2025: This resolution rejects the militarisation of the EU and calls for a new European security architecture based on diplomacy, disarmament, and human security, rather than increased military spending.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0146/2025: This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence calls for concrete measures to increase defence capabilities, overcome fragmentation, enhance the EDTIB, find funding, deepen EU-NATO cooperation, and support Ukraine.
- Motion for a resolution B10-0149/2025: This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence calls for strengthening EU defence capabilities, increasing investment, and enhancing cooperation with NATO.
What changed, 1
Between consecutive versions, newest pair first. The overviews are written by AI from the two texts; the comparison shows every change.
Latest Tabled for plenary → Adopted by Parliament Joint motion RC-B10-0146/2025 → Adopted text TA10-0034/2025
AI: What changed Written by AI from the official text — check the source
Adds calls for a complete overhaul of European defence cooperation and for flagship projects like the East Shield and Baltic Defence Line. Expands the scope of threats to include candidate countries and hybrid incidents, and adds calls for action on drones, hybrid preparedness, and shadow fleet. Adds emphasis on geographical balance in defence financing and industry development, and on partnerships with the UK, Norway, and Western Balkan countries. Softens the stance on European preference and drops the specific 3% GDP defence spending target. Other changes are formal or wording: decimal separator, grammar, and terminology.
Timeline, 3
Every recorded step, newest first, grouped by stage; the latest stage is open.
Plenary stage 3 steps · 10 Mar 2025–12 Mar 2025
12 March 2025
Plenary vote
Sitting of 12 Mar 2025 Motion for a resolution B10-0144/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0145/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0146/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0147/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0148/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0149/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0150/2025Motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025Adopted text TA10-0034/2025
11 March 2025
Debated in plenary
MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.
10 March 2025
108 amendments tabled for the plenary vote
Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.
Amendments 1–6Amendments 7–9Amendments 10–19Amendments 20–29Amendments 30–39Amendments 40–49Amendments 50–59Amendments 60–69Amendments 70–78Amendments 79–82Amendments 83–86Amendments 87–95Amendments 96–98Amendments 99–108
Connections
Texts, decisions, people and other dossiers related to this one.
Texts voted on
- Text MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the white paper on the future of European defence Motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025 12 Mar 2025
Dossiers sharing a running issue
- Dossier Amending Directives 2009/43/EC and 2009/81/EC, as regards the simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and the simplification of security and defence procurement 2025/0177(COD) · Ordinary legislative procedure 16 Sept 2026 Passed
- Dossier Amending Regulations (EC) No 1907/2006, (EC) No 1272/2008, (EU) No 528/2012, (EU) 2019/1021 and (EU) 2021/697 as regards defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for defence industry 2025/0176(COD) · Ordinary legislative procedure 16 Sept 2026 Passed
- Dossier Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects 2025/0172(COD) · Ordinary legislative procedure 16 Sept 2026 Passed
- Dossier Tackling barriers to the single market for defence 2025/2143(INI) · Own-initiative report 11 Mar 2026 Adopted
- Dossier Flagship European defence projects of common interest 2025/2144(INI) · Own-initiative report 11 Mar 2026 Adopted
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Official source
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Retrieved
- 25 September 2026
Cite as
European Parliament (2025). “White paper on the future of European defence”. Dossier, 12 March 2025. procId 2025-2565, reference 2025/2565(RSP). EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/dossiers/2025-2565?grid=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Procedure file (Legislative Observatory, OEIL), https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/en/procedure-file?reference=2025%2F2565(RSP). Data: EP Open Data API: procedure record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/procedures/2025-2565 (CC BY 4.0).
BibTeX
@misc{epw-dossier-2025-2565,
author = {{European Parliament}},
title = {{White paper on the future of European defence}},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-12},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/dossiers/2025-2565?grid=all}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/dossiers/2025-2565?grid=all},
urldate = {2026-09-25},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Dossier. procId 2025-2565, reference 2025/2565(RSP). Official source: https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/en/procedure-file?reference=2025\%2F2565(RSP). Data: EP Open Data API: procedure record (CC BY 4.0)}
}