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Member

Jens GEIER

S&D · Germany

Group
S&D
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
87.7 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
98.2 %ⓘ of 544 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
7 of 537 votesⓘ
Committees
CONT (substitute), ITRE
Member id
96833
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

87.7 %

544 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (−1.8 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.2 %

534 of 544 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (+1.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.3 %

7 of 537 votes where their group had a clear line

5 opposite (for ↔ against), 1 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

0.7 %

4 of 544 votes cast

Participation 87.7 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Jens GEIER87.7 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 98.2 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Jens GEIER98.2 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Amendment 2 to paragraph 11 467 for, 95 against, 90 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Paragraph 9 — part 2 500 for, 119 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 8 527 for, 82 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Amendment 1 to paragraph 7 156 for, 307 against, 180 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Separate vote on paragraph 5 530 for, 49 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Greece and France further to natural disasters that occurred in 2023 Final votePassed 632 for, 7 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
7 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group 189 for, 254 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
7 Oct 2024Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the PfE Group Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the PfE Group 85 for, 335 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 10, adding text after recital J 181 for, 416 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 5, adding text after recital J 220 for, 365 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 6 to recital J 343 for, 230 against, 29 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 9, adding text after recital C 185 for, 409 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 1, adding text after recital C 213 for, 383 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Separate vote on recital C 456 for, 112 against, 38 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Separate vote on recital B 458 for, 77 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 27 222 for, 375 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Paragraph 21 — part 2 445 for, 128 against, 32 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Paragraph 21 — part 1 597 for, 5 against, 4 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Separate vote on paragraph 20 432 for, 145 against, 26 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Separate vote on paragraph 12 468 for, 128 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 10 180 for, 409 against, 15 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 8 — part 2 85 for, 459 against, 63 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 8 — part 1 427 for, 151 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 6 145 for, 420 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 5 156 for, 419 against, 34 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 4 172 for, 425 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Paragraph 4 — part 2 416 for, 170 against, 7 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate change Paragraph 4 — part 1 429 for, 120 against, 55 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 309 for, 201 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Amendment 4 to paragraph 11 293 for, 285 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 10 576 for, 3 against, 26 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 9 510 for, 56 against, 43 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 8 554 for, 33 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 7 545 for, 9 against, 38 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 6 568 for, 25 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Amendment 3 to paragraph 3 132 for, 362 against, 113 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 2 274 for, 311 against, 23 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Separate vote on paragraph 1 318 for, 258 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 234 for, 338 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 425 for, 131 against, 63 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 25 to citation 2 238 for, 303 against, 75 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Amendment 11, adding text before paragraph 1 251 for, 322 against, 28 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 11 to recital P 364 for, 186 against, 64 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Recital M — part 2 445 for, 96 against, 81 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 10, adding text after recital H 167 for, 434 against, 22 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 1 to recital H — part 2 253 for, 307 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 1 to recital H — part 1 406 for, 174 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 23 104 for, 485 against, 30 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 23 142 for, 395 against, 66 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Amendment 23, adding text after paragraph 21 71 for, 460 against, 80 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
René REPASI S&DGermany99 % of 4 716 shared93 %
Tobias CREMER S&DGermany99 % of 4 573 shared93 %
Vivien COSTANZO S&DGermany98 % of 4 923 shared93 %
Gabriele BISCHOFF S&DGermany98 % of 4 833 shared93 %
Katarina BARLEY S&DGermany98 % of 3 428 shared93 %
Birgit SIPPEL S&DGermany98 % of 4 144 shared93 %
Udo BULLMANN S&DGermany98 % of 4 288 shared93 %
Bernd LANGE S&DGermany98 % of 4 547 shared93 %
Matthias ECKE S&DGermany98 % of 4 575 shared93 %
Delara BURKHARDT S&DGermany98 % of 3 813 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia90 % of 4 688 shared86 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium90 % of 3 666 shared86 %
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly90 % of 1 385 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands90 % of 4 953 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia90 % of 4 249 shared86 %
Martin HOJSÍK RenewSlovakia90 % of 4 723 shared86 %
Lucia YAR RenewSlovakia90 % of 4 976 shared86 %
Marjan ŠAREC RenewSlovenia90 % of 4 431 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands90 % of 5 016 shared86 %
Valérie HAYER RenewFrance90 % of 4 762 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Budgetary ControlCONT CommitteeSubstitute15 Jan 2026now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with JapanD-JP DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Committee on BudgetsBUDG CommitteeMember19 Jul 202414 Dec 2025

Show all 6 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE31 Aug 2026
Establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110Shadow rapporteurITRE22 May 2026
On the adoption of the Research Programme of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, on the multiannual technical guidelines for this programme, on the multiannual financial guidelines for managing the assets of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, and repealing Decisions 2003/77/EC and 2008/376/ECShadow rapporteurITRE26 Mar 2026
Protection of the Union’s financial interests in the post-2027 multiannual financial framework through the revision of the anti-fraud architectureShadow rapporteurCONT26 Mar 2026
Amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards simplification measures and alignment with the [Proposal for the Cybersecurity Act 2]Shadow rapporteurITRE24 Mar 2026
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the European cybersecurity certification framework, and ICT supply chain security and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/881 (The Cybersecurity Act 2)Shadow rapporteurITRE19 Mar 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurITRE20 Mar 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionBUDG10 Dec 2024
Budget 2025 ConciliationTrilogue negotiatorBUDG4 Nov 2024
Stehender Schattenberichterstatter für die Revision der HaushaltsordnungShadow rapporteurBUDG10 Oct 2024

Show all 10 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

14 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 17 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 14 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 7

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
17 Apr 2026Taxation of windfall profits in the energy sector O-10-2026-000019Oral questionwith 53 co-authorsNot yet answered
6 Mar 2026Classification of local electricity supply facilities (‘customer facilities’) under internal market law pursuant to Directive (EU) 2019/944 E-10-2026-000942Written questionwith 4 co-authors12 Jun 2026
9 Feb 2026Russian space activity exposes vulnerabilities in Europe’s satellite infrastructure E-10-2026-000524Written questionwith 6 co-authorsNot yet answered
21 Jan 2026EU Connection Network Codes E-10-2026-000240Written questionwith 3 co-authors26 Jun 2026
15 Sept 2025Access to accommodation for staff from third countries participating in Erasmus+ exchanges E-10-2025-003549Written questionwith 6 co-authors5 Nov 2025
5 Nov 2024Obstacles to the financing of social services resulting from EU state aid rules E-10-2024-002412Written question10 Jan 2025

Show all 7 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 49

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
18 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ITRE-AM-790043 ITRE1
17 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ITRE-AM-789960 ITRE3
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE4
27 May 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ITRE-AM-788838 ITRE1
27 May 2026Amending Directives (EU) 2018/2001, (EU) 2019/944, (EU) 2024/1788 as regards acceleration of permit-granting procedures ITRE-AM-788845 ITRE17
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788939 ITRE13
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-785339 ITRE4
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788922 ITRE2
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788941 ITRE2
19 May 2026Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EU) 2019/942, (EU) 2019/943 and (EU) 2024/1789 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/869 ITRE-AM-788940 ITRE8

Show all 49 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jens GEIER”. Member record. memberId 96833. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/96833?page=117&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96833. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/96833?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-96833,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jens GEIER}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/96833?page=117&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/96833?page=117&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 96833. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96833. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}